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ConditionalStatements and

Material ImplicatioPRESENTED BY:

ARIZELLE BAGANGAN

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Conditional Statement

Is a to statements t!at are com"ined "#placin$ t!e ord %I&' "e(ore t!e )rst andinsertin$ t!e ord %T*EN' "eteent!em+ T!e res,ltin$ compo,nd statemen

is a conditional statement+ Is a !#pot!etical statement- a compo,nd

proposition or statement o( t!e (orm

%I( p t!en q.” 

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Antecedent

In a conditional statement t!ecomponent statement t!at (ollost!e %I&' is called t!e antecedent+

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Conse.,ent

It is t!e componentstatement t!at (ollos t!e%T*EN'+

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E/ample

%I( Mr+ 0ones is a "ra1eman2sne/t3door nei$!"or4 t!en Mr+ 0ones earns e/actl# t!ree

times as m,c! as "ra1eman+

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 T!e essential meanin$ o( aC5NDITI5NAL STATEMENT is t!eRELATI5NS*IP asserted to !old

"eteen t!e ANTECEDENT andC5NSE67ENT+

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Implication

 T!e relation t!at !olds"eteen t!e antecedent andt!e conse.,ent o( a tr,e

conditional or !#pot!eticalstatement+

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4 Kinds of Implication

1.Logical

e.g. If all philosophers are thinkers and

is a philosopher, the John is a thinker.

2. Definitionale.g. If Carol is anemic, then Carol has a

concentration of erythrocytes in her blood

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3. Causal

e.g. If you strike the match, it will light.

4. Decisionale.g. If you donate to educational televisio

then the company you work for will match

amount.

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E/ample

 A.If all humans are mortal and Socrates is a

human, then Socrates is mortal.

B.If Leslie is a bachelor, then Leslie is unmar

C.If this piece of blue litmus paper is placed i

acid, then this piece of blue litmus paper will

red.

D.If State loses the homecoming game, then

eat my hat.

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E8er# conditional statement means to

den# t!at its antecedent is tr,e and itsconse.,ent is (alse+

No matter !at t#pe o( implication isasserted "# a conditional statement4

part o( its meanin$ is t!e ne$ation o( t!econ9,nction o( its antecedent it! t!ene$ation o( its conse.,ent+

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  &or an# conditional4 %I( p t!en q4' to "etr,e4 t!e statement ;p< .=4 !ic! is t!ene$ation o( t!e con9,nction o( its antecedentit! t!e ne$ation o( its conse.,ent4 m,st also"e tr,e+

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 T!e Tr,t! Ta"le

p q ~q p• ~ q ~(p• ~ q)

 T T & & T

 T & T T &

& T & & T

& & T & T

p q ~q p• ~ q ~(p• ~ q)

 T T & & T

 T & T T &

& T & & T

& & T & T

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Material Implication

A tr,t!3(,nctional relation t!at ma#connect to statements+ T!e statement% p materiall# implies q' is tr,e !eneit!er p is (alse4 or q is tr,e+

It is also s#m"oli>ed "# !orse s!oe ;=+

 

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If Hitler was a military genius ,

then I’m a monkeys uncle.

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TRUTH TABLE

p q p ⊃ q

 T T T

 T & &

& T T

& & T

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I( / @ 4 t!en / @ +let / "e 4 and

I( @ 4 t!en @ +

I( @ 4 t!en @ +

I( @ 4 t!en @ +

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I( t!e orld is at4 t!en t!e moois made o( $reen c!eese+

& F G

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If the world is flat, the moon is r

F RF

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 A material implication is true

whenever the antecedent is false..

Regardless of the consequent

whether it is true or false.

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