conditions and reactions of industrial revolution
TRANSCRIPT
Glimpse of the Outside WorldGlimpse of the Outside World
What types of things do you think this young girl dreams of as she looks What types of things do you think this young girl dreams of as she looks out the factory window?out the factory window?
DO NOW:DO NOW:
What was the impact of these new machines?What was the impact of these new machines? Cloth merchants could boost profits by speeding up production Needed to be run by __________ - Had to be near a river. The machines were large and expensive. This took the work of spinning and weaving out of the house and into the _____________. Progress in the textile industry spurred other technological inventions.
waterpower
Factory
•1765 –________________ – “Steam Engine” - Development of a cheap, convenient source of power• _________ was discovered to burn hotter and longer than wood and was used to create steam that would be compressed in engines in order to move parts of machinery such as rotors or levers.
James WattThe Game Changer!
Film Clip: Mills27:30-28:35
Coal
Improvements in TransportationImprovements in TransportationRoad Transportation
John McAdam – Paved Roads – Early 1800s
Equipped roadbeds with a layer of large stones for drainage. On top, he placed a smoothed layer of crushed rock. Previously, rain and mud often made roads impassable and men were known to
drown in potholes.
Steam Locomotives George Stephenson – “The
Rocket” - 1829
Impact of the RailroadsImpact of the Railroads Railroads spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a cheap way to transport material and finished products.
Railroad boom created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for both railroad workers and miners.
Impact of the RailroadsImpact of the Railroads
The railroads boosted England’s agricultural and fishing industries, which could transport their products to distant cities.
By making travel easier, railroads encouraged people to take distant city jobs.
The Bessemer Process – Henry Bessemer discovered that coal could be used to heat mineral ore and remove the iron. The smelting of coal and iron made Steel!
Henry Bessemer discovered that coal could be used to heat mineral ore and remove the iron. The smelting of coal and iron made ________. steel
Conditions in the in the Coal MinesConditions in the in the Coal Mines
18001800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners18501850 30 tons 200, 000 miners18801880 300 million tons 500, 000 miners19141914 250 million tons 1, 200, 000 miners
Carpe Diem Clip
Working Conditions Were
Harsh:
• There were rigid schedules with
_______________
________long 12-14 hour work days and
few breaks
Work was the same day after day, week after week.
Conditions in the Cotton MillConditions in the Cotton Mill
18131813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers18331833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers18501850 224, 000 looms >1 million workers
Girl at Weaving Machine in Textile MillGirl at Weaving Machine in Textile Mill
• Women and children were _________________
• Wages were low
paid less than men
Children At WorkChildren At Work
There were high injury rates. Frequent accidents _____________________(Ex: lost limbs in machines)
The FactoryThe Factory
There was no ___________.
Workers were fired for being sick, working too slow, or for no reason at all.
job security
Which would you rather be?Which would you rather be?
Girls in Box FactoryGirls in Box Factory
Living Conditions for New Working ClassLiving Conditions for New Working ClassUrbanization:
Cities became more common and more populated – some ___________________doubled or tripled in size
Living ConditionsLiving Conditions
Rear View of a Rear View of a Tenement Tenement BuildingBuilding
• People migrated to cities looking for work, especially unemployed farmers due to the ______________.Enclosure Acts
Working class Working class neighborhood in neighborhood in Industrial LondonIndustrial London
• Cities were dirty and dangerous. There was a lack of sanitation laws, no fire and police departments, no running water.
Families inside a tenement buildingFamilies inside a tenement building
Life In a Tenement HouseLife In a Tenement House
Change in Social Structure
• The Traditional EliteAristocratic nobles and __________________ still had wealth and power
• The New Capitalist Upper Class (New Rich or Nouveau Riche)They were ____________ who used their money to buy and build factories and run large businesses.
Landowners
entreprenuers
The Industrial New Rich, or Nouveau Riche
• The New Middle Class Professionals, investors, ___________ They were financially stable, educated, and they aspired to become upper class.
merchants
The New Working Class
Poor, unskilled, _________________, no political power. No longer
peasant farmers
uneducated
ComparisonComparison
Closure:Closure:
What does this cartoon say about working conditions during the Industrial Revolution?
Analyze the political cartoon below.What does this cartoon show? Why do you think the author drew this? What message is he trying to give?
The Luddites: 1811-1816
Many unemployed craftsmen and weavers began destroying the
machines that had taken their jobs.
These attackers became known as
Luddites, supposedly
followers of Ned Ludd, a folklore
figure.
The New Working ClassPoor, unskilled,
_________________, no political power. No
longer peasant farmers
uneducated
1. Use three words to describe your emotions as you view each painting
The Wanderer above the Sea of Fog by Caspar David Friedrich, 1818
The Stone Breakers by Gustave Courbet,
1849Do Now:
2. How does each painting reflect the changing world of the Industrial Revolution?
Art reflects people’s emotions and concerns of
their time!
_____________ – Artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the late
18th century and stressed strong emotion,
imagination, freedom from classical correctness in art
forms, and rebellion against social conventions.
The Wanderer above the Sea of Fog by Caspar David Friedrich
Romanticism
_____________ – Artistic and intellectual movement that originated in the mid 19th century as a rejection of Romanticism. Subjects are neither historical, religious or
heroic. Usually portray ordinary people doing ordinary things and does not idealize their struggle for existence.
Realism
The Stone Breakers by Gustave Courbet, 1849
Reactions to Poor ConditionsReactions to Poor Conditions• Workers began to gather together to express their concerns• Peterloo Massacre – 1819, worker rally was ended by soldiers who killed 11 people and injured 400.• This led to a real fear from those in power of the possibility of revolution.
• Workers formed Labor Unions seeking better wages and working conditions. • Workers organized and threatened to strike or boycott. • Eventually, laws were passed that stopped child labor, set shorter working hours,
and safer working conditions were introduced.
Labor Unions
Evolutionary Change
New Government Functions
• Public education for children until
age 12
• Wider welfare measures to increase workers’ standard of living (Higher wages, less hours)
• __________________ – Gave the Parliamentary right to vote to
most middle-class men
• Chartist Movement – 1830-1850
• Reform Act of 1857 – Gave universal Male suffrage
• Representation of the People Act 1928 – Women’s suffrage Chartist Movement
Workers wanted equality and participation in political system.
Reform Act of 1832
The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists
People as a society would operate and own themeans of production, not individuals.
Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.
Tried to build perfect communities, or Utopias.
MARXISM – COMMUNISMMARXISM – COMMUNISM