confidential © 2008 ida singapore. all rights reserved. 1 are we really running out of radio...

CONFIDENTIAL© 2008 IDA Singapore. All Rights Reserved. 1

Are we really running out of Radio Frequency Spectrum?

Presented by Tan Geok Leng (CTO, IDA)15th May 2008

kokplee

IDA Corporate Powerpoint Template version 08.1 (dated 08 January 2008)This is a reminder from CMCD. Please ALWAYS download the latest template from IDA intranet


Agenda

>About Singapore and IDA Singapore

>Wireless in Singapore

>Radio spectrum reform is becoming a global issue

>Are we really running out of radio frequency spectrum?

>Opportunities to reuse under-utilised bands


1 About Singapore and IDA Singapore


Singapore : A Hub for Asia Airport, Seaport and IT connectivity

China

Japan

The PhilippinesLaos

Taiwan

New ZealandAustraliaIndonesia

USA

EuropeSouth Korea

Nepal

India BangladeshMiddleEast

Pakistan

Sri Lanka Brunei

Malaysia

Thailand

Cambodia

Hong Kong

• 11stst in the World for Quality of Air in the World for Quality of Air Transportation (World Competitiveness Transportation (World Competitiveness Yearbook 2006)Yearbook 2006)

• 83 Scheduled Airlines• 57 Country Links• >180 City Links• >4,100 flights per week

Airport Connectivity

• World’s BEST Quality for World’s BEST Quality for Port Infrastructure (2006)Port Infrastructure (2006)

• Best Seaport in Asia (2006)Best Seaport in Asia (2006)• 24.8m TEUs handled (2006)• 600k CBU car transshipment

(largest in Asia)• 200 Different Shipping Lines• 130 Country Links, 600 Ports• Daily sailings to every major

port in the world

Seaport Connectivity

•22ndnd in World’s Most ‘Network’ Ready’ Country, in World’s Most ‘Network’ Ready’ Country, after US (2006)after US (2006)•Capacity of 28Tbps (May 06)•Extensive and Direct Internet Connectivity to >30 countries (30.62 Gpbs)

Internet Connectivity


USASEAN NZ

Japan

KoreaJordan

India

Australia

ASEAN-IndiaASEAN-Japan

ASEAN-China (Goods & Services)

Qatar

ASEAN-Australia-NZ

Chile-NZ-BruneiASEAN-Korea (Goods)

Peru

Pakistan

Panama

60% of World GDP

ASEAN-Korea(Services and Investment)

Gulf Cooperation Council

Canada

FTAs Concluded / In Force

Upcoming FTAs

ASEAN-China (Investment)

Economic Linkages via FTAs


About IDA Singapore

> Statutory board under Ministry of Information, Communications and The Arts (MICA)

> Overview of IDA’s Roles Planning & Policy Development

Formulate national infocomm masterplans, policies and technology road maps

Competition Development (Regulation)

Implement a regulatory framework that will ensure a fair and balanced competitive environment in the telecoms industry


About IDA Singapore

Industry Development

Promote and develop infocomm industries and manpower

Facilitate infocomm adoption and usage in businesses and society

Chief Information Officer to Government

Architect e-government plans and manage infocomm systems deployment in the government


2 Wireless in Singapore


Wireless in Singapore (Cellular)


Wireless in Singapore (3G)


Wireless in Singapore (Wireless@SG)

>CFC awarded to 3 service providers iCELL

QMAX

Singtel

>Coverage includes Downtown areas

Major HDB town centres

Recreational areas

> Number of hotspots 600 in Dec 06, 7,800 in Feb 08


Phase 1 (2006-2008): Wi-Fi Hotspots to Wi-Fi Hot Zones

… and expand to cover key catchment areas

Integrate into zones


Phase 2 (2008 Onwards): Integrate Other Wireless Broadband Technologies When Ready

… and expand to cover key catchment areas

Integrate into zones


Wireless in Singapore (Ultra-Wideband)


Wireless in Singapore (Ultra-Wideband)

>Telecommunication Dealer’s Licence from IDA (https://licences.business.gov.sg)


Radio Spectrum Reform is becoming a Global Issue3


Wireless is key enabler for many economically important applications


Much of the spectrum is already allocated


Addressing the “Scarcity” Issue

> Retire older/legacy services DTV replacing analogue TV

Refarm 900MHz GSM for 3G

> Use Market Mechanism to allocate (auction) e.g. 3G spectrum auction

> Reclaim and refarm of military bands (Ofcom)

> New Technologies to solve the problem UWB technology develop to transmit at very low power (spectrum

underlay)

Spectrum-Agile Technology being developed to opportunistically take advantage of gaps in spectrum utilization (spectrum overlay)


Spectrum-Agile Technologies

> Technologies and system concepts to dynamically use spectrum and increase spectrum access

> Sensing and Adaptation are key attributes for SAT Sensing (Aware of spectrum usage in vicinity, makes intelligent decisions on

that basis, and reacts) Adaptation (quickly adapts transmission Characteristics)

Sense

Real time, low power,

wideband monitoring

Characterize

Rapid waveform

determination

React and Adapt

Transition Network to new emission plan


Opportunistic use of spectrum ‘white-space’

> White-space devices Detect spectrum ‘white-space’ in the spectrum Characterizing the Environment Evaluation and Knowledge Formation Decision Processes


How SAT may be used? (not exhaustive)

> Potentially allow multiple wireless services to share spectral bands with minimal interference

> Possible scenarios: Pre-allocated bands for SAT

Secondary usage with permission from primary owner

> Possible application: Enabling of a low-cost and adaptive high-speed bandwidth

internet service


SAT in Other Countries: FCC (2002)

> Set up by Chairman Powell, headed by Paul Kolozdy Spectrum access versus scarcity New methods as a solution to access Interference tolerance Need to define rights and responsibilities

> Recommendations Modernizing the regulatory model Increase access to spectrum New interference management technique Legislative recommendations


FCC’s NPRMs on Cognitive Radio> NPRM on CR to facilitate opportunities for flexible, efficient and reliable spectrum using CR (Dec 03)

Authorization and use of Cognitive Radio Licensee can make more efficient use of their own spectrum Secondary markets: Based on agreements between licensees and third parties

> NPRM on Unlicensed operation in UHF Band (May 04) The unlicensed devices should not cause interference to existing TV broadcast stations; TV Booster Stations, wireless microphones and Land Mobile Radio Services Operation in Channels 5 to 13 and 21 to 51 (76 to 698MHz); Channel 14-20 permitted in rural areas Person/portable devices (peak power 100mW) and Fixed access devices (Peak power 1W) are permitted


FCC’s Report on White Space Detection

> OET (Office of Engineering & Technology) Issued a report on 31st July 07 WSD using DAA should be required to find signals as low as -116 dBm Finding of two prototypes of whites space devices (WSD) submitted by Microsoft and

Philips

Source: FCC/OET 07-TR-1006 Source: FCC/OET 07-TR-1006


SAT by ITU-R (WP8A and WP5D)

> ITU-R WP 5D considers regulatory implications of cognitive radio (29th Feb 08) To study whether there is a need for regulatory measures related

to the application of cognitive radio system technologies

To study whether there is a need for regulatory measures related to the application of software-defined radio

> ITU-R WP 8A ITU-R Working Party 8A: Draft New ITU-R Report “Software

Defined Radios in the Land Mobile Service”

ITU-R Working Party 8F: Draft New ITU-R Report “The impact of Software Defined Radio on IMT-2000, the future development of IMT-2000, and systems beyond IMT-2000”


SAT by Standard and Industry

> IEEE 802 Working Group 802.22 - IEEE 802.22 is working on technical requirements to ensure

coexistence of WBA (white space devices) with broadcast services 802.16h – License-Exempt operation of IEEE 802.16 802.11y - CBP in 3.65-3.70 GHz band in US

> IEEE P1900: Working groups for reconfigurable, heterogeneous air interfaces

> SDR Forum: Technical and regulatory considerations for SDR and Cognitive Radio

> WINNER: Wireless World Initiative New Radio concentrating on radio access for future mobile communications systems

> XG: DARPA’s neXt Generation communications via the dynamic redistribution of the allocated spectrum

> E2R: End-to-end re-configurability to give more choice to network users, includes aspects on reconfigurable technology


4 Are we really running out of radio frequency spectrum?


Searching for the ‘White Space’ OBJECTIVE

> To perform spectrum usage study and to identify ‘white space’ in radio spectrum

> Serve as input for future radio spectrum policy making

SCOPE> Spectrum scanning conducted for frequency bands from 54MHz to

5.8GHz in Singapore > Outdoor Environment (I2R - Open Space)

> Measurement data collected 24x7 for duration of two weeks Plot spectrum usage with respect to time Map spectrum usage to IDA’s different spectrum allocations Identify spectrum holes


Measurement Methodology

> Maximum signal strength during 24-hour period of observation versus frequency

> Occupancy versus time and frequency Occupancy of the observed frequency band is based on the

threshold set as the lowest signal strength in the observed bandwidth + 6 dB

> The fraction of time the signal is above the threshold versus frequency

> Limitations of present study! Snap shot only, single geographic area, limited sample size Signal detection threshold


Measurement Setup

Low Loss Cable

Tripod

Cabinet

Spectrum AnalyzerAgilent HP8595E

Windows PC with LabView

Antenna ETS-Lindgren

3149


Frequency Band: 54 MHz – 174 MHz

threshold =-94.5 dBm

averageduty cycle= 0.2902

Fixed/Mobile (land) localized PMR,SRD FM radio Aeronautical

Marine Navi, PMR, amateur radio, SRD F

ixed

/ M

obil

e la

nd

60 80 100 120 140 160-120-100-80 -60 -40 -20

Freqeuency (MHz)

Pow

er

(dB

m)

60 80 100 120 140 16006:00h

12:00h

18:00h

00:00h

06:00h

Frequency (MHz)

Tim

e I

nsta

nts

60 80 100 120 140 1600

0.5

1

Frequency (MHz)

Duty

Cycle

•High Occupancy

Moderate Occupancy

06:00h12:00h18:00h00:00h06:00h


Average Spectrum Usage < 5%

Average spectrum usage over time and selected frequency

range is below 5% !

VHF Band

UHF Band

GSM Band (UL)

3G Band (UL)

ISM (WiFi)

C-Band FSS


> Average Spectrum usage over time and selected frequency range is below 5%

> Frequencies above 1GHz are relatively under utilized except for cellular bands

Frequency utilization is normally higher during day time compared to night time, however the difference on average spectrum usage is negligible

Although some frequencies are used, the duty cycle is quite low

> Low utilization bands represent opportunity for innovative services

Reuse of under-utilized Bands (e.g. Foreign TV channels and C-Band) Wireless Broadband Services Low-power, short distance or in-house transmissions

Observations


5 Opportunities to reuse under utilized spectrum


Opportunities to reuse under-utilized Bands

>Opportunity to reuse foreign TV channels

Ch5 Ch6 Ch7 Ch8 Ch9

Only three TV Channels are used in SG

Indonesia’s TV

(Batam TVR1)

Malaysia’s TV

(e.g. RTM TV2)

Ch10 Ch11 Ch12


(7B, C & D) DAB Channels

in SG

Wireless Microphone

channel used in SG

Opportunities to reuse under-utilized Bands

>We are already exploring reuse of under-utilized bands

>With SAT, we may be able to do much more

Ch5 Ch6 Ch7 Ch8 Ch9

Malaysia’s TV

(e.g. RTM TV2)

Ch10 Ch11 Ch12

Indonesia’s TV

(Batam TVR1)

(9B) DAB Channel in

SG

(11D) DAB Channel in SG


Proposed Next Steps (1/2)

> Studied spectrum usage pattern in Singapore To identify spectrum ‘white-space’

> Feasibility Studies for use of WSD in Singapore Use of WBA in UHF bands

Use of Short Range Devices

> Technical Assessment (Lab) to proof that WSD does not caused interference Co-existence with legacy radio systems

> Protection of existing radio services Using beacons and ‘safe harbour’ concept

Using “Listen-before-talk’ and ‘Dynamic Frequency Selection’ techniques

Use of common data base for dynamic allocation


Proposed Next Steps (2/2)

> Create SAT Test-bed in Singapore Validate efficient use of WSD in Singapore

Validate dynamic spectrum licensing requirement and procedure

> Recommendation of SAT Regulatory Framework Minimize potential regulatory burdens

Protection thresholds

Power limit

Spectral masks

> Contribution to International SAT efforts, to influence the international regulatory policy APT, ITU & WRC11

Standard (e.g. IEEE 802.22)

SINGAPORE: AN INTELLIGENT NATION, A GLOBAL CITY POWERED BY INFOCOMM

www.ida.gov.sg

www.infocommsingapore.sg


confidential © 2008 ida singapore. all rights reserved. 1 are we really running out of radio...

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