ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

TOPICS

• EFFECTS OF OVER UTILIZATION OF WATER• FLOODS & DROUGHT• CONFLICT OVER WATER

Bykvk

EFFECTS OF OVER UTILIZATION OF WATER

• Decrease of Ground Water• Ground Subsidence• Lowering of Water table• Intrusion of Salt water• Earth quake & Landslides• Drying up of wells• Pollution of water

Decrease of ground water

Ground Subsidence

Lowering of water table

Intrusion of salt water

Earth quake landslides

Drying up of wells

Pollution of water

FLOODS

• It is an overflow of water• Happens when the water exceeds the carrying

limit of dams,lakes,ponds,,etc

Causes of floods

• Heavy rainfall,melting of snow, sudden release of water from dams.

• Deforestation,overgrazing,mining increases the runoff from rains and hence the level of floods raises.

FLOODS

EFFECTS

• Water spread in surrounding areas.

• Plain surface became eroded and silted with mud.

• Extinction of civilization

MANAGEMENT

• Constructing dams and reservoirs.

• Channel management, embankments also control the floods

• Fore casting, flood warning

DROUGHT• Scarcity of water• Occurs due to inadequate rainfall• Failure of monsoons• Excessive withdrawal of ground water

Causes of drought

• Annul rainfall in minimum , less than the evaporation

• High population• Intensive cropping pattern and over

exploitation of scarce water resources through dug well or bore well.

drought

EFFECTS

• Hunger , malnutrition , scarcity of drinking water.

• Desertification.• Degradation of natural

resource• Large migration of

people and urbanization

MANAGEMENT

• Rain water harvesting.• Improve ground level

water• Modern irrigation

technology

CONFLICT OVER WATER

Conflicts through use

• Unequal distribution of water has often led to inter state or international disputes

Constructions of dams

• Hydroelectric power generation, dams are built across the rivers, which initiates conflict between the states

Conflicts through pollution

• Production of electricity and shipping , rivers and lakes are also used for industrial purpose.

Management of conflicts over water

• Efforts are mainly concentrated to enact laws to check these practices to control water pollution.

• Demand of nationalisation of water needs serious consideration

Any queries?

Thank you

• By– kvk