Cognitive Disorders;Areas affected

Thoughts

The capacity of memory

Perception

The ability to be attentive

Learning

Problem sloving

Classificationcognitive disorders

Amnesia

Dementia

Delirium

AMNESIAAmnesia is a defect in memory caused by brain damage, disease, or

psychological trauma Amnesia can also be caused temporarily by the use of various sedative and hypnotic drugs

They are divided into 2 types ;

RETROGRADE and ANTEROGRADE

CAUSES:

There are three generalized categories in which amnesia could be acquired by a person. The three categories are head trauma (example: head injuries), traumatic events (example: seeing something devastating to the mind), or physical deficiencies (example: atrophy of the hippocampus).

TREATMENT Many forms of amnesia fix themselves without being treated

Although improvements occur when patients receive certain treatments, there is still no actual cure remedy for amnesia so far

As there is no medication availble to treat amnesia underlying medical conditions can be treated with psychotherapy, tranquilizers, and other medications

DEMENTIA Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause long term

loss of the ability to think and reason clearly that is severe enough to affect a person's daily functioning.

Signs and symptoms

Depression and/or anxiety

Agitation

Balance problems

Tremors

speech&language difficulty

Trouble in eating or swallowing

Hallucinations

Wandering or restlessness

CausesReversible causes of dementia ;There are four main causes

of easily reversible dementia: hypothyroidism,vitamin B12 deficiency , Lyme disease, and neurosyphillis.

Alzheimer's disease ; is the most common form of dementia Its

most common symptoms are short-term memory loss and word-finding difficulties. People with Alzheimer's also have trouble with visual-spatial areas , reasoning, judgement, and insight. Insight refers to whether or not the person realizes he/she has memory problems.

Diagnosis

Laboratory tests

Imaging

TREATMENT

Psychological therapies

Medications

Alternative medicine-; aromatherapy

DELIRIUM In common usage, delirium is often used to refer to drowsiness,

disorientation, and hallucination clouding of consciousness unawareness of what’s happening around unable to focus or pay attention memory is foggy

Signs and symptomsPerceptual Disturbances,Speech Problems,Motor

Problems ,Hyperactive ,Hypoactive ,language disorder, sleep disturbance, hallucinations

Causes

Predisposing factors

Precipitating factors

TreatmentTreatment of delirium involves two main strategies: first, treatment of

the underlying presumed acute cause or causes secondly; optimisingconditions for the brain.

Medication such as antipsychotics can help to reduce the symptoms for some cases. For alcohol or malnourished cases, vitamin B supplements are recommended and for extreme cases, life-support can be used

conclusicon

cognitive disorders have a significant impact financially,

physically, and emotionally on families as well as on society most of the this disorders are without medication

cognitive disorders comes in many forms. The more we know and understand about disorder the better we are able to help those suffering from its effects And the better able we are to

cope as care givers with the demands of daily care.

“Delirium". The Journal of the American Medical Association 2008 - Torpy, Janet

"Dementia". The Journal of American Medical Association 2010 - Torpy, Janet

Forms of cognitive failure. Science- H, Weingartner

References