connect animal and plant nutrient needs and content...animal nutrient needs and plant nutrient...
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CONNECT Training Animal Nutrient Needs and Plant
Nutrient Content
Gene Pirelli, Polk County
Mylen Bohle, Crook County
OSU Extension Service
Efficiency of Utilization with Various Harvesting Methods
Method of Harvest Percent Lost (%)
Percent Utilization (%)
Continuous Grazing 50 50
Rotational Grazing 35 65
Strip Grazing 30 70
Hay 18 82
Silage 13 87
Green Chop 8 92
Wisconsin Study in 1957
Time of Day Harvest Affects Sugar and Starch Content of Hay
Carbs and Sugars
Percent Carbohydrates in Timothy at Different Growth Stages
Sugars, Fructan, and WSC Content of 4-Cut 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass
at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Sugars (%) Fructan (%) WSC (%)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 10.4 7.4 1.67 1.61 13.1 9.2
2004 – 2 6.6 7.8 1.04 1.84 7.9 10.3
2004 – 3 4.4 6.0 0.88 1.44 5.4 7.9
2004 – 4 10.7 6.5 2.08 1.98 14.2 9.0
2005 – 1 10.2 13.1 1.55 2.61 12.3 17.0
2005 – 2 6.8 9.4 1.08 1.87 8.3 12.3
2005 – 3 4.5 6.7 0.65 1.40 5.3 8.8
2005 – 4 11.0 6.8 1.45 1.68 14.0 9.1
2006 – 1 6.5 9.0 1.37 2.10 7.9 11.6
2006 – 2 4.1 7.5 0.83 1.46 5.0 9.8
2006 – 3 5.9 9.3 0.90 1.77 7.3 12.3
2006 - 4 10.3 10.8 1.73 2.11 13.9 14.6
Orchardgrass & Kentucky bluegrass Comparison Forage Calendar
Four Harvests Annually - Madras, Oregon 2004-2007
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
4/1
/2004
6/1
/2004
8/1
/2004
10/1
/2004
12/1
/2004
2/1
/2005
4/1
/2005
6/1
/2005
8/1
/2005
10/1
/2005
12/1
/2005
2/1
/2006
4/1
/2006
6/1
/2006
8/1
/2006
10/1
/2006
12/1
/2006
2/1
/2007
4/1
/2007
6/1
/2007
8/1
/2007
10/1
/2007
Month / Day/ Year
Yie
ld (
ton
/acre
)
Orchardgrass Mean Kentucky Bluegrass
Fiber, Protein, and Digestibility of Forage Grasses and Legumes at Different Growth Stages
Growth Stage NDF (%)
ADF (%)
CP (%)
IVTDMD (%)
Perennial Legumes (Alfalfa, Ladino & Red Clover, Birdsfoot Trefoil, etc.)
Vegetative 26-34 20-26 23-30 87-90
Early – Mid Bud 35-38 27-29 21-22 78-86
Early Bloom 39-44 30-35 17-20 73-77
Late Bloom 45-50 36-40 15-16 70-72
Perennial Cool Season Grasses (Orchard, Tall fescue, Smooth brome, etc.)
Vegetative 38-48 19-27 20-26 84-93
Boot 49-59 28-36 14-19 78-83
Heading 60-64 37-42 11-13 70-77
Anthesis 65-67 43-47 7-10 62-69
Pasture and Grazing Management in the NW, 2010
Yield, Protein, and ADF Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC,
Madras, Oregon Year - Cut Yield (t/acre) Protein (%) ADF (%)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue
2004 – 1 3.29 3.16 9.0 10.5 37.3 40.3
2004 – 2 2.03 1.30 9.8 10.7 40.5 40.3
2004 – 3 1.52 0.98 13.4 13.5 40.3 39.3
2004 – 4 1.49 1.06 8.4 9.9 38.3 42.8
2005 – 1 3.40 3.26 6.6 6.1 41.6 40.2
2005 – 2 1.51 0.93 11.7 11.9 38.1 37.8
2005 – 3 1.35 1.02 13.7 13.6 39.1 37.9
2005 – 4 1.62 1.13 10.9 11.6 33.8 39.3
2006 – 1 3.43 2.61 8.0 8.2 42.5 41.1
2006 – 2 1.20 0.75 13.6 13.3 39.2 37.1
2006 – 3 1.19 0.70 12.0 12.2 38.5 36.2
2006 - 4 0.93 0.61 10.0 11.2 33.7 35.2
NDF, dNDF 48, and NDFD Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky
bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon Year - Cut NDF (%) dNDFD 48 (%) NDFD (%)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 56.4 60.8 38.7 34.3 68.6 56.4
2004 – 2 59.0 53.9 42.0 37.3 71.1 69.2
2004 – 3 55.5 53.4 42.1 38.4 75.8 71.9
2004 – 4 51.8 57.0 40.3 35.9 77.8 63.0
2005 – 1 63.5 57.8 38.4 31.3 60.4 54.1
2005 – 2 56.3 52.7 40.8 35.2 72.4 66.7
2005 – 3 57.7 54.8 40.2 36.1 69.7 66.0
2005 – 4 49.4 55.5 35.7 35.4 72.3 63.7
2006 – 1 65.4 62.2 36.3 32.3 55.5 52.8
2006 – 2 57.9 54.2 41.4 35.3 71.5 65.1
2006 – 3 56.8 52.7 41.4 37.8 72.8 71.7
2006 - 4 44.7 47.0 37.9 36.6 84.7 77.8
NEL, TDN, ENE Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at
COARC, Madras, Oregon Year - Cut NEL TDN (%) ENE
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 0.61 0.58 60.0 56.6 50.67 47.56
2004 – 2 0.57 0.58 56.4 56.6 47.37 47.59
2004 – 3 0.58 0.59 56.6 57.7 47.55 48.60
2004 – 4 0.60 0.54 58.9 53.8 49.63 44.95
2005 – 1 0.56 0.58 55.1 56.7 46.22 47.68
2005 – 2 0.60 0.61 59.1 59.4 49.88 50.16
2005 – 3 0.59 0.61 58.0 59.3 48.80 50.04
2005 – 4 0.66 0.59 64.1 57.7 54.42 48.61
2006 – 1 0.55 0.57 54.1 55.7 45.29 46.70
2006 – 2 0.59 0.62 57.9 60.3 48.73 50.95
2006 – 3 0.60 0.63 58.6 61.3 49.40 51.91
2006 - 4 0.66 0.64 64.1 62.5 54.44 52.95
Nutrients
Protein, Energy, Minerals,
Vitamins and Water,
Ruminants
• Four part stomach (Rumen, Reticulum, Abomasum, Omasum) that can digest large amounts of roughage.
• Bacteria in the Rumen actually digest the roughage.
Crude Protein
System
Protein • Protein in forage is necessary for building
muscle and producing milk
• Crude Protein is the total amount of protein in a feed, listed as percent
• Measured in a lab by Nitrogen x 6.25
• Not a measure of quality or digestibility
Dietary
Protein
SMALL
INTESTINE
RUMEN
Dietary
Protein
SMALL
INTESTINE
Dietary
Protein
SMALL
INTESTINE
“By-Pass” Protein
Metabolizable protein (MP) system
–Undegradable intake protein (UIP) • Fraction of total intake protein not degraded in rumen
• Passes to small intestine
–Metabolizable protein • Sum of digestible microbial protein and undegradable
intake protein
Dietary
Protein
SMALL
INTESTINE
Degradable Intake Protein
Dietary
Protein
SMALL
INTESTINE
Degradable Intake Protein
Dietary
Protein
SMALL
INTESTINE
Degradable Intake Protein
Dietary
Protein
SMALL
INTESTINE
Degradable Intake Protein
Undegraded Intake Protein
aka Bypass or Escape
Energy • The Energy (Carbohydrate) in a feed provides
what is necessary grazing, milk production. There are structural (lignin, cellulose) and non-structural (sugar).
Energy • Total plant energy is estimated, not usually
tested
• The energy content is often listed as TDN or DE or Mcal
How Do You Know if You Are Meeting the Nutritional Needs?
• Nutrition requirements during the production year are available for many species of livestock (CP, TDN)
• Match your forage program against the requirements.
What is the largest part of a ruminant diet?
• Roughage…..grass, stubble, hay
• What is the feed value?
• Do we need to feed a supplement?
First…..
• Nutrient Requirements change during
the year for producing animals like
cows and ewes.
The 365-Day Beef Cow Year by Periods and the NRC1 Requirements for a 1,100 lb. Beef Cow with Average (15 lbs/day) Milk Production
Nutrient
Period
1
2
3
4
Post-
calving 80 days
Pregnant & Lactating 125 days
Mid Gestation 110 days
Pre-calving 50 days
TDN (lbs/day)
14.5
11.5
9.5
11.2
NEm (Mcal/day)
14.9
12.2
9.2
10.3
Protein (lbs/day)
2.3
1.9
1.4
1.6
Calcium (grams/day)
33
27
17
25
Phosphorus (grams/day)
25
22
17
20
Vitamin A (I.U./day)
39,000
36,000
25,000
27,000
Nutrient Requirements for Producing Ewes
Production
Stage
WEIGHT Crude
Protein
(lb)
TDN (Lb)
Dry 176 Lbs .27 1.6
Last 4 wks
gestation
176 + Lbs .44 2.4
First 6 wks
lactation
176 - Lbs .96 4.3
Second…..
• Nutrient dense forage should be
available for growing animals like
steers, heifers and lambs.
Nutrient Requirements for Beef Steers
WEIGHT
Daily
Gain
Crude
Protein
(Lbs)
Crude
Protein
(%)
TDN
(%)
400 Lbs 2.0 Lbs 1.48 13.1 63
600 Lbs 2.0 Lbs 1.67 10.9 63
Nutrient Requirements for Feeder Lambs
WEIGHT
Daily
Gain
Crude
Protein
(Lbs)
Crude
Protein
(%)
TDN
(%)
65 Lbs .75 Lbs .41 14.5 63
110 Lbs 1.0 Lbs .35 10.0 77
Third…..
• Forage nutrient content changes during
the year even at the same stage of
growth.
Cutting
Date
A. Ryegrass
P. Ryegrass
Stage
1
May
9.8
10.6
Boot
2
June
15.6
16.9
Early Boot
3
July
20.6
20.8
Vegetative
4
August
22.9
24.0
Vegetative
5
Sept./Oct.
23.2
30.3
Vegetative
Steve Fransen Data
Maturity
• As forage plants and (or) hays
mature, “quality” declines. –CP and TDN decrease.
–Digestibility decreases due to
increased fiber
Grass Hay
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Veg Boot Bloom Seed
% CP
% ADF
“The Skyscraper Effect”
• The primary “goal” of a grass plant is to reproduce by seed.
• As the plant enters the boot and seed head stages, the stalk must be reinforced in order to hold up the seed head.
“The Skyscraper Effect”
• The increase in “structural carbohydrates” like lignin are necessary to keep the plant upright. This has a negative effect on animal digestibility.
• You cannot build a skyscraper with 2x4’s
Forage ADF and Dry Matter
Digestibility
57
59
61
63
65
67
69
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Forage ADF (%)
Dry
Matt
er
Dig
esti
bil
ity (
%)
Adapted from Miller et al. (1991)
Forage NDF and Dry Matter
Intake
.0
.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78
Forage NDF (%)
Dry
Matt
er
inta
ke (
% o
f B
W)
Adapted from Mertens (1985) & Burns et al. (1997)
Low Quality Roughage
Means Lower Intake
Which Results in loss of
Condition
(Slower Rate of Passage)
Intake of Low Quality Forage
• Usually half or less of good forage. (1.5% v. 3% of BW)
• Protein supplement increases intake. (1.2 to 1.8% of BW)
Maturity
• Increasing Cellulose Content
• Increasing Lignin Content
= increased NDF and ADF
= decreased digestibility and CP
Questions?
Discussion
Metabolizable Energy, Net Energy Maintenance, and Net Energy Gain of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut ME NEM NEG
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 0.98 0.93 0.60 0.54 0.33 0.29
2004 – 2 0.93 0.93 0.54 0.54 0.28 0.29
2004 – 3 0.93 0.95 0.54 0.56 0.29 0.30
2004 – 4 0.97 0.88 0.58 0.50 0.32 0.25
2005 – 1 0.91 0.93 0.52 0.55 0.27 0.29
2005 – 2 0.97 0.98 0.58 0.59 0.32 0.33
2005 – 3 0.95 0.97 0.56 0.58 0.31 0.33
2005 – 4 1.05 0.95 0.66 0.56 0.39 0.30
2006 – 1 0.89 0.91 0.51 0.53 0.25 0.27
2006 – 2 0.95 0.99 0.56 0.60 0.31 0.34
2006 – 3 0.96 1.01 0.57 0.62 0.32 0.35
2006 - 4 1.05 1.03 0.66 0.63 0.39 0.37
Digestible DM, DM Intake, and Non Fiber Carbohydrates of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut DDM SDMI NFC
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 59.8 57.5 2.13 1.97 21.2 15.8
2004 – 2 57.4 57.5 2.03 2.23 15.8 18.6
2004 – 3 57.5 58.3 2.16 2.25 13.9 15.8
2004 – 4 59.0 55.6 2.32 2.11 23.0 16.0
2005 – 1 56.5 57.6 1.89 2.08 18.1 25.3
2005 – 2 59.2 59.4 2.13 2.28 17.3 19.8
2005 – 3 58.4 59.3 2.08 2.19 13.1 16.2
2005 – 4 62.6 58.3 2.43 2.16 25.9 16.1
2006 – 1 55.8 56.9 1.84 1.96 14.1 19.4
2006 – 2 58.4 60.0 2.07 2.21 12.4 17.9
2006 – 3 58.9 60.7 2.11 2.28 15.6 20.7
2006 - 4 62.6 61.5 2.68 2.55 30.0 25.1
Relative Feed Value, Relative Feed Quality, and TDN1 of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky
bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon Year - Cut RFV RFQ TDN1
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 99 88 120 98 59.0 53.2
2004 – 2 90 99 111 110 57.2 56.5
2004 – 3 96 101 113 112 57.6 56.8
2004 – 4 106 91 122 93 60.1 53.1
2005 – 1 83 93 95 96 55.4 56.1
2005 – 2 98 105 123 116 58.9 57.0
2005 – 3 94 101 111 111 56.5 56.1
2005 – 4 118 98 139 103 61.6 53.9
2006 – 1 79 86 86 94 51.7 53.5
2006 – 2 94 103 111 116 56.5 56.8
2006 – 3 96 107 119 131 57.9 59.8
2006 - 4 130 122 154 136 65.1 61.1
DMI1, DMI2, and DMI3 of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC,
Madras, Oregon Year - Cut DMI1 DMI2 DMI3
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 0.29 0.43 2.21 1.84 2.51 2.27
2004 – 2 0.42 0.60 1.97 1.80 2.39 2.39
2004 – 3 1.19 1.18 1.22 1.23 2.41 2.42
2004 – 4 0.17 0.30 2.33 1.86 2.50 2.16
2005 – 1 (0.53) (0.68) 2.63 2.77 2.11 2.10
2005 – 2 0.93 0.89 1.65 1.62 2.58 2.51
2005 – 3 1.20 1.16 1.21 1.28 2.41 2.44
2005 – 4 0.88 0.70 1.89 1.64 2.78 2.34
2006 – 1 (0.26) (0.15) 2.32 2.31 2.05 2.16
2006 – 2 1.19 1.14 1.22 1.37 2.41 2.51
2006 – 3 0.93 1.07 1.59 1.61 2.52 2.68
2006 - 4 0.86 0.92 2.06 1.82 2.91 2.74
TDN (Western) and Protein Yield of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC,
Madras, Oregon Year - Cut TDN West (%) Protein Yield (lb/acre)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 54.3 52.1 592 661
2004 – 2 52.0 52.1 398 278
2004 – 3 52.1 52.8 407 265
2004 – 4 53.6 50.2 249 211
2005 – 1 51.1 52.2 452 397
2005 – 2 53.8 54.0 354 222
2005 – 3 53.0 53.9 370 277
2005 – 4 57.0 52.8 353 261
2006 – 1 50.5 51.5 547 426
2006 – 2 52.9 54.5 327 200
2006 – 3 53.4 55.2 285 171
2006 - 4 57.0 56.0 186 137
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Uptake (lb/acre) of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky
bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Nitrogen (lb/acre) Phosphorus (lb/acre) Potassium (lb/acre)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 96.3 117.7 19.1 16.1 237.1 110.7
2004 – 2 67.7 50.1 13.2 5.4 153.8 37.1
2004 – 3 65.7 45.9 11.2 4.5 104.7 26.9
2004 – 4 47.5 43.0 8.9 4.8 75.0 17.7
2005 – 1 81.9 59.0 13.8 10.0 145.7 74.4
2005 – 2 60.4 30.4 9.1 4.1 98.9 26.6
2005 – 3 59.3 32.9 11.0 4.3 109.4 26.4
2005 – 4 61.8 26.5 11.4 3.7 91.4 18.6
2006 – 1 97.9 72.1 20.1 13.0 187.8 89.4
2006 – 2 54.5 35.3 9.9 4.9 96.9 30.8
2006 – 3 48.3 30.7 9.1 4.6 82.8 24.3
2006 - 4 35.8 25.3 7.4 3.9 54.3 19.3
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium pounds per ton (lb/ton) of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy
Kentucky bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Nitrogen (lb/ton) Phosphorus (lb/ton) Potassium (lb/ton)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 29.3 37.2 5.8 5.1 72.1 35.0
2004 – 2 33.4 38.5 6.5 4.1 75.7 28.6
2004 – 3 43.2 46.9 7.4 4.6 68.9 27.5
2004 – 4 31.9 40.6 6.0 4.5 50.3 16.7
2005 – 1 24.1 22.6 4.0 3.8 42.9 28.5
2005 – 2 40.0 40.6 6.1 5.5 65.5 35.4
2005 – 3 43.9 47.1 8.1 6.2 81.0 37.8
2005 – 4 38.2 43.4 7.0 6.1 56.4 30.5
2006 – 1 28.5 27.6 5.9 5.0 54.8 34.3
2006 – 2 45.4 47.1 8.3 6.5 80.7 41.1
2006 – 3 40.6 43.9 7.7 6.5 69.6 34.7
2006 - 4 38.5 41.5 7.9 6.3 58.4 31.6
Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulfur Uptake of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass
at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Calcium (lb/acre) Magnesium (lb/acre) Sulfur (lb/acre)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 13.1 11.8 9.6 6.4 10.6 11.0
2004 – 2 10.5 4.2 8.0 2.5 7.2 4.8
2004 – 3 11.9 3.5 7.2 2.3 6.1 4.1
2004 – 4 9.1 5.0 5.4 2.3 4.8 4.0
2005 – 1 10.8 7.3 7.7 3.9 10.7 7.8
2005 – 2 17.4? 3.0 6.9 1.9 6.4 3.0
2005 – 3 7.9 3.8 7.1 2.6 6.6 3.4
2005 – 4 9.1 3.3 7.2 1.7 7.0 2.5
2006 – 1 16.2 8.9 10.3 5.7 12.1 8.4
2006 – 2 6.7 4.3 5.6 2.7 4.9 3.3
2006 – 3 7.1 4.2 5.7 2.4 4.6 2.8
2006 - 4 6.3 4.0 4.2 2.0 3.1 2.2
Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulfur pounds per ton DM of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky
bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Calcium (lb/ton) Magnesium (lb/ton) Sulfur (lb/ton)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 4.0 3.7 2.9 2.0 3.2 3.5
2004 – 2 5.2 3.2 4.0 1.9 3.5 3.7
2004 – 3 7.8 3.6 4.7 2.3 4.0 4.1
2004 – 4 6.1 4.7 3.6 2.1 3.3 3.7
2005 – 1 3.2 2.8 2.3 1.5 3.1 3.0
2005 – 2 11.5? 4.8 4.6 2.6 4.2 4.0
2005 – 3 5.8 5.4 5.3 3.7 4.9 4.8
2005 – 4 5.6 5.4 4.4 2.7 4.3 4.2
2006 – 1 4.7 3.4 3.0 2.2 3.5 3.2
2006 – 2 5.6 5.7 4.7 3.6 4.1 4.4
2006 – 3 6.0 5.9 4.8 3.4 3.9 4.1
2006 - 4 6.8 6.6 4.5 3.2 3.3 3.5
NIRS Calcium, Phosphorus, and Potassium Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky
bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Calcium (%) Phosphorus (%) Potassium (%)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 0.42 0.31 0.26 0.25 3.23 2.37
2004 – 2 0.45 0.51 0.28 0.26 3.50 2.69
2004 – 3 0.51 0.50 0.32 0.29 3.58 2.82
2004 – 4 0.65 0.61 0.21 0.21 3.00 1.88
2005 – 1 0.32 0.43 0.24 0.18 2.71 2.09
2005 – 2 0.46 0.48 0.29 0.26 3.37 2.50
2005 – 3 0.54 0.54 0.30 0.29 3.48 2.67
2005 – 4 0.48 0.54 0.23 0.25 3.02 2.35
2006 – 1 0.42 0.36 0.24 0.22 2.81 2.20
2006 – 2 0.52 0.51 0.30 0.29 3.34 2.66
2006 – 3 0.47 0.47 0.29 0.27 3.12 2.50
2006 - 4 0.60 0.53 0.24 0.26 3.24 2.39
NIRS and Wet Lab Comparison of Calcium, Phosphorus, and Potassium Content of 4-Cut
Megabite Orchardgrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Calcium (%) Phosphorus (%) Potassium (%)
NIRS Wet Lab NIRS Wet Lab NIRS Wet Lab
2004 – 1 0.42 0.20 0.26 0.29 3.23 3.60
2004 – 2 0.45 0.26 0.28 0.33 3.50 3.79
2004 – 3 0.51 0.39 0.32 0.37 3.58 3.45
2004 – 4 0.65 0.31 0.21 0.30 3.00 2.52
2005 – 1 0.32 0.16 0.24 0.20 2.71 2.14
2005 – 2 0.46 0.58? 0.29 0.30 3.37 3.28
2005 – 3 0.54 0.29 0.30 0.41 3.48 4.05
2005 – 4 0.48 0.28 0.23 0.35 3.02 2.82
2006 – 1 0.42 0.24 0.24 0.29 2.81 2.74
2006 – 2 0.52 0.28 0.30 0.41 3.34 4.04
2006 – 3 0.47 0.30 0.29 0.38 3.12 3.48
2006 - 4 0.60 0.34 0.24 0.40 3.24 2.92
NIRS and Wet Lab Comparison of Calcium, Phosphorus, and Potassium Content of 4-Cut Troy
Kentucky bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Calcium (%) Phosphorus (%) Potassium (%)
NIRS Wet Lab NIRS Wet Lab NIRS Wet Lab
2004 – 1 0.31 0.19 0.25 0.25 2.37 1.75
2004 – 2 0.51 0.16 0.26 0.21 2.69 1.43
2004 – 3 0.50 0.18 0.29 0.23 2.82 1.37
2004 – 4 0.61 0.24 0.21 0.23 1.88 0.84
2005 – 1 0.43 0.14 0.18 0.19 2.09 1.42
2005 – 2 0.48 0.20 0.26 0.28 2.50 1.77
2005 – 3 0.54 0.27 0.29 0.31 2.67 1.89
2005 – 4 0.54 0.27 0.25 0.31 2.35 1.53
2006 – 1 0.36 0.17 0.22 0.25 2.20 1.71
2006 – 2 0.51 0.29 0.29 0.32 2.66 2.05
2006 – 3 0.47 0.30 0.27 0.33 2.50 1.74
2006 - 4 0.53 0.33 0.26 0.32 2.39 1.58
NIRS Magnesium, Ash, and Rumen Undegradable Protein Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky
bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Magnesium (%) Ash (%) RUP (%)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 0.22 0.17 12.9 12.4 39.3 40.7
2004 – 2 0.24 0.20 14.9 16.3 38.5 43.5
2004 – 3 0.30 0.23 16.8 16.7 38.6 41.6
2004 – 4 0.19 0.21 16.4 16.6 42.6 39.4
2005 – 1 0.19 0.15 11.3 10.3 40.5 48.8
2005 – 2 0.27 0.24 14.2 15.1 38.3 45.1
2005 – 3 0.29 0.26 14.9 15.0 38.7 42.0
2005 – 4 0.19 0.24 13.3 16.3 39.1 37.7
2006 – 1 0.22 0.17 12.1 10.7 39.1 47.0
2006 – 2 0.29 0.24 15.5 14.1 40.6 47.2
2006 – 3 0.25 0.22 15.2 13.9 42.1 48.4
2006 - 4 0.20 0.23 14.8 16.2 38.2 42.7
NIRS and Wet Lab Comparison of Magnesium Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC,
Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Orchardgrass K. blue
NIRS Wet Lab NIRS Wet Lab
2004 – 1 0.22 0.15 0.17 0.10
2004 – 2 0.24 0.20 0.20 0.09
2004 – 3 0.30 0.24 0.23 0.12
2004 – 4 0.19 0.18 0.21 0.11
2005 – 1 0.19 0.11 0.15 0.07
2005 – 2 0.27 0.23 0.24 0.13
2005 – 3 0.29 0.26 0.26 0.18
2005 – 4 0.19 0.22 0.24 0.14
2006 – 1 0.22 0.15 0.17 0.11
2006 – 2 0.29 0.23 0.24 0.18
2006 – 3 0.25 0.24 0.22 0.17
2006 - 4 0.20 0.22 0.23 0.16
Wet Lab Calcium, Phosphorus, and Potassium Content of 4-Cut 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Calcium (%) Phosphorus (%) Potassium (%)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 0.20 0.19 0.29 0.25 3.60 1.75
2004 – 2 0.26 0.16 0.33 0.21 3.79 1.43
2004 – 3 0.39 0.18 0.37 0.23 3.45 1.37
2004 – 4 0.31 0.24 0.30 0.23 2.52 0.84
2005 – 1 0.16 0.14 0.20 0.19 2.14 1.42
2005 – 2 0.58? 0.20 0.30 0.28 3.28 1.77
2005 – 3 0.29 0.27 0.41 0.31 4.05 1.89
2005 – 4 0.28 0.27 0.35 0.31 2.82 1.53
2006 – 1 0.24 0.17 0.29 0.25 2.74 1.71
2006 – 2 0.28 0.29 0.41 0.32 4.04 2.05
2006 – 3 0.30 0.30 0.38 0.33 3.48 1.74
2006 - 4 0.34 0.33 0.40 0.32 2.92 1.58
Magnesium, Manganese, and Copper Content of 4-Cut 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky
bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Magnesium (%) Manganese (ppm) Copper (ppm)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 0.15 0.10 114.4 40.0 6.4 3.7
2004 – 2 0.20 0.09 158.5 32.7 6.1 3.1
2004 – 3 0.24 0.12 102.5 32.7 5.3 2.2
2004 – 4 0.18 0.11 133.8 35.9 5.4 3.3
2005 – 1 0.11 0.07 128.6 43.6 4.0 1.9
2005 – 2 0.23 0.13 173.7 42.9 8.2 3.2
2005 – 3 0.26 0.18 151.6 50.7 8.9 5.5
2005 – 4 0.22 0.14 126.7 39.4 5.3 2.4
2006 – 1 0.15 0.11 142.7 51.7 5.1 3.4
2006 – 2 0.23 0.18 154.3 55.1 6.4 2.9
2006 – 3 0.24 0.17 124.4 41.2 6.4 2.2
2006 - 4 0.22 0.16 112.2 34.7 4.1 2.2
Magnesium, Manganese, and Copper Uptake of 4-Cut 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky
bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Magnesium (lb/acre) Manganese (lb/acre) Copper (lb/acre)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 9.6 6.4 0.75 0.25 0.042 0.024
2004 – 2 8.0 2.5 0.64 0.08 0.025 0.008
2004 – 3 7.2 2.3 0.31 0.06 0.016 0.004
2004 – 4 5.4 2.3 0.40 0.08 0.016 0.007
2005 – 1 7.7 3.9 0.87 0.23 0.027 0.010
2005 – 2 6.9 1.9 0.52 0.06 0.025 0.005
2005 – 3 7.1 2.6 0.41 0.07 0.024 0.008
2005 – 4 7.2 1.7 0.41 0.05 0.017 0.003
2006 – 1 10.3 5.7 0.98 0.27 0.035 0.018
2006 – 2 5.6 2.7 0.37 0.08 0.015 0.004
2006 – 3 5.7 2.4 0.30 0.06 0.015 0.003
2006 - 4 4.2 2.0 0.21 0.04 0.008 0.003
Magnesium, Manganese, and Copper Pounds per Ton DM of 4-Cut 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy
Kentucky bluegrass at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Magnesium (lb/ton) Manganese (lb/ton) Copper (lb/ton)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 2.9 2.0 0.23 0.08 0.013 0.007
2004 – 2 4.0 1.9 0.32 0.07 0.012 0.006
2004 – 3 4.7 2.3 0.21 0.07 0.011 0.004
2004 – 4 3.6 2.1 0.27 0.07 0.011 0.007
2005 – 1 2.3 1.5 0.26 0.09 0.008 0.004
2005 – 2 4.6 2.6 0.35 0.09 0.016 0.006
2005 – 3 5.3 3.7 0.30 0.10 0.018 0.011
2005 – 4 4.4 2.7 0.25 0.08 0.011 0.005
2006 – 1 3.0 2.2 0.29 0.10 0.010 0.007
2006 – 2 4.7 3.6 0.31 0.11 0.013 0.006
2006 – 3 4.8 3.4 0.25 0.08 0.013 0.004
2006 - 4 4.5 3.2 0.22 0.07 0.008 0.004
Boron, Zinc, and Iron Content of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC,
Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Boron (ppm) Zinc (ppm) Iron (ppm)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 2.7 1.3 12.2 10.1 44.6 35.2
2004 – 2 3.9 0.8 14.7 6.3 50.9 28.5
2004 – 3 6.4 1.4 16.1 7.4 67.3 37.8
2004 – 4 1.9 0.4 8.4 5.9 89.8 61.2
2005 – 1 1.1 0.8 10.2 8.1 27.5 27.4
2005 – 2 2.3 2.4 21.3 10.6 59.3 41.4
2005 – 3 4.8 4.3 19.1 12.8 92.1 71.9
2005 – 4 2.1 0.2 10.1 8.3 57.4 52.8
2006 – 1 2.2 0.9 14.0 13.2 34.9 32.0
2006 – 2 5.0 3.4 18.4 12.1 72.3 61.0
2006 – 3 3.6 2.2 15.4 10.2 62.9 51.6
2006 - 4 2.3 1.9 9.6 8.1 69.9 60.1
Boron, Zinc, and Iron Uptake of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass at COARC,
Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Boron (lb/acre) Zinc (lb/acre) Iron (lb/acre)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 0.018 0.008 0.72 0.75 0.293 0.223
2004 – 2 0.016 0.002 0.98 0.48 0.207 0.074
2004 – 3 0.019 0.003 1.39 0.69 0.205 0.074
2004 – 4 0.006 0.001 0.53 0.48 0.268 0.130
2005 – 1 0.008 0.004 0.49 0.36 0.187 0.143
2005 – 2 0.007 0.004 1.70 0.86 0.179 0.062
2005 – 3 0.013 0.006 1.68 1.20 0.249 0.101
2005 – 4 0.007 0.000 0.77 0.72 0.186 0.064
2006 – 1 0.015 0.005 0.80 0.73 0.239 0.167
2006 – 2 0.012 0.005 1.67 1.14 0.174 0.092
2006 – 3 0.009 0.003 1.25 0.89 0.150 0.072
2006 - 4 0.004 0.002 0.74 0.67 0.130 0.073
Boron, Zinc, and Iron Pounds per ton DM of 4-Cut Megabite Orchardgrass and Troy Kentucky bluegrass
at COARC, Madras, Oregon
Year - Cut Boron (lb/ton DM) Zinc (lb/ton DM) Iron (lb/ton DM)
Orchard K. blue Orchard K. blue Orchard K. Blue
2004 – 1 0.005 0.003 0.024 0.020 0.089 0.070
2004 – 2 0.008 0.002 0.029 0.013 0.102 0.057
2004 – 3 0.013 0.003 0.032 0.015 0.135 0.076
2004 – 4 0.004 0.001 0.017 0.012 0.180 0.122
2005 – 1 0.002 0.002 0.020 0.016 0.055 0.055
2005 – 2 0.005 0.005 0.043 0.021 0.119 0.083
2005 – 3 0.010 0.009 0.038 0.026 0.184 0.144
2005 – 4 0.004 0.000 0.020 0.017 0.115 0.106
2006 – 1 0.004 0.002 0.028 0.026 0.070 0.064
2006 – 2 0.010 0.007 0.037 0.024 0.145 0.122
2006 – 3 0.007 0.004 0.031 0.020 0.126 0.103
2006 - 4 0.005 0.004 0.019 0.016 0.140 0.120