connecting the sound to the shelf: a numerical modeling study of estuarine exchange flow in the...
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![Page 1: Connecting the sound to the shelf: a numerical modeling study of estuarine exchange flow in the Salish Sea Dave Sutherland 1 Parker MacCready 1, Neil Banas](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022110323/56649d5a5503460f94a3ad5b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Connecting the sound to the shelf:
a numerical modeling study of estuarine exchange flow
in the Salish Sea
Dave Sutherland1
Parker MacCready1, Neil Banas2
1 School of Oceanography, UW2 Applied Physics Laboratory, UW
CERF, Portland, OR, November 2009
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Connecting the sound to the shelf:
a numerical modeling study of estuarine exchange flow
in the Salish SeaAcknowledgments:PRISM (Jeff Richey)
Barb Hickey, Amy MacFadyen, David Darr (UW)
WA DOE
All data sources
PRISMPuget Sound Regional Synthesis Model
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The Salish Sea
Strait of Georgia
Strait of Juan de Fuca
Puget Sound
Columbia River
Vancouver
Island
coastal WA
, OR
400 m
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The Straits
Strait of Juan de Fuca
• 100 km long, 20 km wide, 200 m deep• ~0.2 Sv exchange flow• significant spring/neap variability,seasonal variability, and tidal rectification(see Martin and MacCready, 2009)
(Collias et al., 1974)
Strait of Georgia
• Fraser River: mean ~7500 m3/s, large seasonal variability
• intense mixing in SJI’s and sill regions, more stratified in basins
• significant spring/neap variability
(Masson and Cummins, 2000)
Salinity, JulySalinity, July
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Puget Sound
Skagit2 largest rivers (~75% of Puget Sound mean ~1000 m3/s)
Tacoma Narrows
Admiralty Inlet
Deception Pass
Hood Canal
Snohomish
5 km
Main Basin
SouthSound
WhidbeyBasin
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Puget Sound
exchange flow
Salinity, July
Puget Sound
• series of reaches (basins) connected by shallow sills• 0.04 Sv exchange flow• ~1000 m3/s river input• large seasonal and spring/neap variability• residence times: range from 5-70 days
(cm/s)
150
m
MainBasin
HoodCanal
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Hypothesis: Puget Sound, SJdF, and the SoG are characterized by quiescent reaches (e.g. Main Basin) and turbulent sill regions (e.g. AInlet)
river river
sill
• Construct realistic hindcast simulations for 1998-2008 in Puget Sound and greater Salish Sea region
• Puget Sound resolution ~200 m• coastal resolution ~2 km• use best available forcing (rivers, meteorological, boundary)
Tool: realistic ROMS numerical model setup of the Salish Sea to investigate patterns of exchange flow on varied time and space scales
(Ebbesmeyer and Barnes, 1980; Cokelet and Stewart, 1985)
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Model Set-upParameters- stretched, spherical grid with 25 vertical levels, b = 0.6 and s = 5- k- version of GLS turbulence closure- horizontal diffusivity = 0.5 m2 s-1
- quadratic bottom friction, Cd = 0.003- hmin = 4 m, rmax ~ 0.7, no wet/dry
ForcingBoundaries - Radiation and nudging at southern and western boundaries (NCOM-CCS)
Atmosphere - Bulk fluxes from hourly fields from the MM5 regional forecast model
Rivers - 19 rivers, daily time series (USGS)
Tides - 8 constituents calculated from TPXO7.1 global tide model
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Model validation
Whidbey Basinmid Straitof Georgia
JEMSSJDF
ROMSOBS
Mooring time-series outside Columbia
CTD profiles
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Patterns of exchange flow
JdF-EJdF-mid
JdF-W
SoG-N
SoG-mid
SoG-S
AI-N,S
MB
SS
WB
HC
AI-N
(May-July mean)
“in-estuary”
“out-estuary”
|Ue| ~ 20,000 m3/snet Ue ~ 500 m3/s
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Patterns of exchange flow
JdF-EJdF-mid
JdF-W
SoG-N
SoG-mid
SoG-S
AI-N,S
MB
SS
WB
HC
AI-N
(May-July mean)
“in-estuary”
“out-estuary”AI-S
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Patterns of exchange flow
JdF-EJdF-mid
JdF-W
SoG-N
SoG-mid
SoG-S
AI-N,S
MB
SS
WB
HC
MB-N
(May-July mean)
“in-estuary”
“out-estuary”MB-midMB-S
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Patterns of exchange flow JdF
SoG
AI
SOG-N
“in-estuary”
“outestuary”SOG-mid
SOG-S
AI-N
“in-estuary”
AI-S
“outestuary”JdF-E
“in-estuary”
“outestuary”JdF-mid
JdF-W
|Ue| ~ 130,000 m3/snet Ue ~ 6000 m3/s
|Ue| ~ 80,000 m3/snet Ue ~ 5000 m3/s
|Ue| ~ 20,000 m3/snet Ue ~ 500 m3/s
Strait of Juan de Fuca Strait of Georgia Admiralty Inlet
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Variability of exchange flow at Adm. Inlet
riverdischarge(m3/s)
N/S winds(m/s)
depth meancurrent (m/s)
exchange flow(1000 m3/s)
“out-estuary”“in-estuary”
Skagit Snohomish
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Conclusions• Development underway of
realistic, high resolution simulations of Puget Sound and the surrounding coastal ocean
• Patterns of exchange flow are useful in characterizing estuarine regions in the Salish Sea and will lead to quantitative comparisons in the future
(http://faculty.washington.edu/dsuth/MoSSea/)