connection of co-gen/tri-gen systems - airah€¦ · synergy electrical tariff business lv (s1)...

Connection of Co-gen/Tri-gen Systems

www.wge.com.au

29 April 2015

• What is co-gen & tri-gen?

• Typical efficiencies

• Running cost analysis

• Typical hotel analysis

Overview

Beau Logue

Mechanical Project Engineer

Wood & Grieve Engineers

M: 0405 313 236

Tri-generation Introduction

Tri-generation

Gas Engine Driving Generator

Waste Heat from Gas Engine used for Heating

Excess Heat provided to Absorption Chiller to Provide

Tri-generationDiagram from http://www.esdmenergy.com/html/en/technologies/trigeneration.html

Equipment Efficiencies

Typical Tri-Generation EquipmentGas Engine and Generator up to 40% of Gas Energy becomes

Electrical PowerHeat Recovery 80% of Waste Heat from Generator

is usefulAbsorption Chiller Co-efficient of Performance of 0.75 – 1.0

One kW of Waste Heat generates One kW of Cooling

Traditional EquipmentWater Cooled Chiller Co-efficient of Performance of 5.0

One kW of Electricity generates Five kW of Cooling

Gas Boiler 70% of Gas Energy becomes Heat

Operating Scenarios

Operating Scenarios – Full Heating

Tri-generation

40% of Gas Electricity

48% of Gas Heat (80% of 60%)

To Generate 50kW of Heat use 104kW of Gas and Generate 42kW of Electricity.

Traditional

80% of Gas Heat

To Generate 50kW of Heat use 71kW of Gas

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Gas Tariff/Electrical Tariff

Trigeneration Traditional

Gas can be up to 1.3 times the Electrical Tariff and Tri-generation Operating costs are lower, so long as Electrical Power is used.

Operating Scenarios

Operating Scenarios – Full Cooling

Tri-generation

40% of Gas Electricity

48% of Gas Heat (80% of 60%)

To Generate 50kW of Cooling use 104kW of Gas and Generates 42kW of Electricity.

Traditional

Each 1kW of Electrical Energy 5kW of Cooling

To Generate 50kW of Cooling uses 10kW of Electricity

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Cost Trigeneration Cost Traditional

Gas needs to be less than half the Electrical Tariff for Tri-generation Operating costs to be lower. Electrical Power is used within building.

Operating Scenarios

Operating Scenarios – Equal Heating & CoolingTri-generation40% of Gas Electricity48% of Gas Heat (80% of 60%). Half of Heat used for Heating, Half to absorption chiller.To Generate 50kW of Heat and 50kW of Cooling we use 208kW of Gas and Generates 84kW of Electricity.Traditional70% of Gas HeatTo Generate 50kW of Heat use 71kW of GasTo Generate 50kW of Cooling uses 10kW of Electricity

Gas needs to be less than 70% of the Electrical Tariff for Tri-generation Operating costs to be lower. Electrical Power is used within building.

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Trigeneration Traditional

Operating Scenarios

Operating Scenarios – Summary

Break Even Operating Cost Comparison as follows:

Full Heating 1.3

Equal Heating and Cooling 0.7

Full Cooling 0.5

Typical Tariffs

Synergy Electrical Tariff Business LV (S1) ~17c peak ~11c off peak

Synergy Gas Tariff ~10c off peak

Gas 60% of Peak Electricity Cost, 90% of off Peak Electricity Cost

Load Profiles

0:30 1:30 2:30 3:30 4:30 5:30 6:30 7:30 8:30 9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30 18:30 19:30 20:30 21:30 22:30 23:30

Hotel - Summer Profile

Cooling Coil Load (kW) Heating Coil Load (kW) Domestic Hot Water Load (kW) Electricity (kW)

Load Profiles

0:30 1:30 2:30 3:30 4:30 5:30 6:30 7:30 8:30 9:30 10:30 11:30 12:30 13:30 14:30 15:30 16:30 17:30 18:30 19:30 20:30 21:30 22:30 23:30

Hotel - Winter Profile

Cooling Coil Load (kW) Heating Coil Load (kW) Domestic Hot Water Load (kW) Electricity (kW)

Modelling Assumptions

Electrical Load Assumptions

Based on Hourly Total Figures, Not Instantaneous

Lighting

Minimum of 30%

Lifts & Elevators

Between 30% -90% of full load, depending on time of day.

Total Hours of Operation

125% of Minimum Electrical Load

210 Hours Full Cooling

6836 Hours Full Heating

1710 Hours Combined Heating & Cooling

Total 8760 Hours Operation

75% of Maximum Electrical Load

179 Hours Cooling

27 Hours Heating


Total 4225 Hours Operation – 48% Year Operating

75% of Maximum Electrical Load, Including Domestic Hot Water in Heating Load

179 Hours Cooling

1388 Hours Heating


Total 4225 Hours OperationValue Gas/ElectricityFull Heating 1.3Equal Heating and Cooling 0.7Full Cooling 0.5

• Grid connection fundamentals

• Barriers to connection

o Western Power Process

o Site Infrastructure

o HV Networks

o Retailer Engagement

Overview

Mark Price

Electrical Project Engineer


M: 0466 716 216

• “Exporting” or “Non-Exporting” Operation

• System Generation Capacity - <150kVA, 150kVA – 1MVA, 1MVA – 10MVA.

• Generation Capacity is the Accumulative Site Generation Capacity (Existing Parallel/ Bumpless Transfering Generators, PV & Wind Turbines Included)

• HV or LV Point of Connection

• Existing Power Quality Review (Power Factor, Harmonics etc)

System Electrical Design Considerations

COGEN/ TRIGEN PLANT

BUILDING ELECTRICAL LOADS

SUB BOARD SUB BOARD SUB BOARD SUB BOARD

SITE MAIN SWITCHBOARD

NETWORK POWER SUPPLY

Electrical Connection

Western Power Issues

Network built for “one way traffic” leading to:

• Increased Network Fault Levels

• Islanding Risk – If Generation Matches Load

• Lack of Control

• Voltage Rise & Asymmetry

• No financial Incentive

COGEN/ TRIGEN PLANT

SUB BOARDS & BUILDING ELECTRICAL LOADS

NETWORK POWER SUPPLY

Electrical Protection & Control

RELAY CONTROLLER

HIGH VOLTAGE

Private High Voltage Network Issues

HV Point of Connection

(from Western Power)

PROTECTION

PROTECTION

Western Power Application Process

Major items to note:

• Timeframes – 6 months to as long as 2/3 years

• Western Power Infrastructure Review - Potential Capital Contributions for the Upgrade of Identified Shortfalls

• Site-wide Power Quality Review (Power Factor, Harmonics, DC, Flicker)

• Commissioning Risks (Western Power Major Review Occurs at Project Completion)

• Retailer Opportunity to Re-negotiate Supply Contract

o kWhr supply cost change

o Daily “supply charge”

• Bi-Directional Meter (Regardless of Export/ Non-Export Operation)

• Retailer Must Accept Liability and Inform Western Power

Retailer Application & Contract

• International case study – Tomato Growers

• Viability of co/tri-gen in our market

• Legislative challenges

• Importance of visualisation

• Wood & Grieve Engineers & Technology

Overview

Elliot Alfirevich

Technology Sector Leader, Principal


M: 0412 089 896

• Fueled by Bio Gas - collected from digestion of waste products of local farms

• Use of selective catalytic reduction (AdBlue) enables 0.2kg/CO2/kWh to be produced (5-6% by volume).

• Greenhouse CO2 concentration increased from 350ppm to 700ppm for optimal photosynthesis.

• Heat is used to maintain greenhouse conditions

• Electricity used to increase natural lighting levels for optimal growth.

• Wight Salads Group – 36MW plant – produces 55% of UK’s tomatoes.

Int. Case Study – Tomato Growers

• Key to success of Co/Tri-gen in our market:

• Use everything (elec, heat, cooling, exhaust gas)

• Right-size – stay well within your base loads

• Consider all the capital costs (grid connection costs, gas head works)

• Consider the energy costs (trends in electrical and gas prices)

• Consider the future – will there be a price on carbon?

• Consider the cost of maintenance and downtime – maintaining an absorption chiller can be costly.

• Moral of the story - K.I.S.S principle

• There’s great potential in small district applications:

• e.g. Commercial office with an adjoining Hotel

• Look out for clients with a consistent electrical and heat demand

• e.g. Swimming pools

Viability of Co/Tri-Gen in our market

• There are some legislative challenges to district tri-gen:

• You can’t just “throw a cable over the fence”

• You need to sell back to an IMO registered generator/aggregator/retailer

• To sell electricity between lots yourself is hard:

– It’s traded on a market like a stock exchange (IMO regulated)

» Electricity price changes with demand - you can’t charge what you want for it.

» Largely based around price competition

– You need to be registered as a generator and retailer to participate in the market and sell electricity you produce to others. Even if they’re next door to you!

• To sell energy between lots (heating and cooling)

– Less regulated, agreements can be signed between neighbours.

Legislative challenges…

• You could have the best tri-gen system sitting in your plant room, but nobody sees it, nobody knows what it does, and nobody knows if it’s running!

• You need some form of clear and simple visualization to improve your marketing opportunity:

• We’ve worked with a number of vendors and systems around town to achieve this, and it comes down to how well you can graphically show how your system operates.

Importance of visualisation

• We understand that buildings are more than bricks and mortar.

• We stay on top of emerging and new technologies.

• Develop skilled engineers familiar with delivering technology in a building context.

• Maintain our reputation as the go-to engineers for technically complex projects.

• Coordinate our national experience and lessons learned in delivering new and innovative solutions to meet our Client’s needs.


Beau Logue

Mechanical Project Engineer


M: 0405 313 236

Mark Price

Electrical Project Engineer


M: 0466 716 216

Elliot Alfirevich

Technology Sector Leader, Principal


M: 0412 089 896

www.wge.com.au

Contact us

connection of co-gen/tri-gen systems - airah€¦ · synergy electrical tariff business lv (s1)...

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