connective and supporting tissue
TRANSCRIPT
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As its name implies, connective tissue connects, holds, and supports other body tissues.The cells of connective tissue are characteristicallyseparated from one another by large amounts ofintercellular material.This extracellular material is that gives connectivetissue its strenght.Parts of the connective tissue:CellsExtracellular matrix (ECM)
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Two types of cells are present in the
connective tissue
FIXED
Fibroblast (fibrocyte)Fat cells (adipocyte)MelanocyteMesoblastReticular cell
MOBILE
Plasma cellMast cellHistiocyte(macrophage)LymphocyteGranulocyte
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Fibers
Collagen fibersElastic fibersReticular fibersMicrofibrils
Amorphous material
GAG and proteoglycansAdhesion molecules
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RegularDense
Irregular
Loose
Rich in fibers
SpinocellularMature
Reticular
Areolar
Rich in cells
Wharton s jelly
MesenchymaEmbryonic
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Slide 4, Unilocular fat (paraffin section, HE), 10X
adipocytes
vessels
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adipocytes
vessels
Nuclei of adipocytes
Slide 4, Unilocular fat (paraffin section, HE), 40X
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To identify the following structures:
adipocytes and their nucleivessels
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epidermis dermis hypodermis
Slide 5, Unilocular fat (frozen section, Sudan), 4X
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panniculus adiposus
adipocytes
Slide 5, Unilocular fat (frozen section, Sudan), 10X
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adipocytes
Slide 5, Unilocular fat (frozen section, Sudan), 40X
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To divide the 3 parts of the skinTo identify the adipocytes
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Slide 78, Skin (HE), 4X
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
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irregular dense connective tissue
dermis
loose connective tissue
hypodermis
Slide 78, Skin (HE), 10X
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To divide the 3 parts of the skinTo identify the:loose connective tissuedense connective tissue
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Slide 6, Tendon (HE), 10X
regular dense connective tissue
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collagen bundles
fibrocytes
Slide 6, Tendon (HE), 40X
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To identify:collagen bundlesfibrocytes
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Cartilage consists of cells (chondrocytes) and an extensive extracellular matrixcomposed of fibers and ground substance.3 forms of cartilage have evolved, eachexhibiting variations in matrix composition:
1. Hyaline cartilage2. Elastic cartilage3. Fibrocartilage
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1. Hyaline cartilage: in the articular surfaces of themovable joints; the walls of larger respiratorypassages (nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi); theventral ends of ribs; and in the epyphysealplates of bones
2. Elastic cartilage: in the auricle of the ear; thewalls of the external auditory canals, theauditory tubes, the epiglottis, and the cuneiformcartilage in the larynx
3. Fibrocartilage: in the intervertebral disks; and inarticular meniscs
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Perichondrium: outer layer (stratum fibrosum) type I collagen, inner layer (stratum
chondroblasticum) rich of cellsThe unit of cartilages: chondronChondrocyte: only one cell, or little groups of cells, roundish shape, spherical nucleus
In hyaline cartilage: 2-4 chondrocytesIn elastic cartilage: 1-2 chondrocytesIn fibrous cartilage: 1-2 chondrocytes
LacunaPericellular matrixTerritorial/capsular matrixInterterritorial matrix
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Schematic representation of hyaline cartilage
territorial/capsular matrix
chondron
chondrocyteinterterritorialmatrix
lacuna
perichondrium
pericellular matrix
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Slide 7, Hyaline cartilage (HE), 10X
perichondriumstratum fibrosum
stratum chondroblasticum
interterritorial matrix
chondrons
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chondrocytes
interterritorial matrix
chondron
lacuna
Slide 7, Hyaline cartilage (HE), 40X
pericellular matrix
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To identify the parts of hyaline cartilage:perichondriumchondronchondrocytepericellular matrixterritorial matrixinterterritorial matrixlacuna
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Slide 8, ear (orcein), 10X
perichondrium
perichondrium
chondrons
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elastic fibers
chondrocytes
chondron
Slide 8, ear (orcein), 40X
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To identify the components of the elasticcartilage:elastic fiberchondronchondrocyte
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Slide 9, Articular menisc (HE), 40X
collagen fibers
chondrocytes
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To identify the parts of the fibrocartilage:chondrocytescollagen fibers
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cancellous(spongy) bone
Inner circumferentiallamellae
compact bone
outer circumferential lamellaeHaversian system (osteon)
osteocyteHaversiancanal
Volkmann scanal
Schematic drawing of the bone
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Slide 10, Bone (ground section) 10X
Haversian canalVolkmann s canal
inner circumferential lamellae
outer circumferential lamellae
osteocytes
interstitial lamellae
osteon
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Haversian canal
osteocytes
Slide 10, Bone (ground section) 40X
osteon
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To recognize the following structures:osteonouter and inner circumferential lamellaeinterstitial lamellaeosteocyteVolkmann s canalHaversian canal
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Enchondralossification
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Slide 11, Enchondral ossification (HE) 4X
enchondral ossification
skeletal muscle
bone spicules
bone marrow
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bone marrow
bone spicule ossification zone
hypertrofic cartilage zone
proliferative zone
resting zone
Slide 11, Enchondral ossification (HE) 10X
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To identify:enchondral ossification with its zonesbone marrowbone spiculesskeletal muscleadipose tissue