connective tissue
DESCRIPTION
Connective Tissue. Mamoun Kremli Al- Maarefa College. Objectives. What is connective tissue Types of connective tissues Functions of connective tissues Relation of structure and function. Tissues . Four fundamental tissues are recognized: Epithelial tissue Connective tissue - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Connective Tissue
Mamoun KremliAl-Maarefa College
![Page 2: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objectives• What is connective tissue• Types of connective tissues• Functions of connective tissues– Relation of structure and function
![Page 3: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Tissues • Four fundamental tissues are recognized:– Epithelial tissue– Connective tissue– Muscular tissue– Nervous tissue
![Page 4: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Connective Tissue• Consists of two basic
elements:– Cells, and– Extra-cellular matrix (abundant)
(dominant part)• Fibers, and• Ground substance
– liquid, gel, or solid
• Function– Binds and/or supports other
tissue
![Page 5: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Connective Tissue• Connective tissue is clearly different from
neighboring tissues
![Page 6: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Connective Tissue• Connective tissue is clearly different from
neighboring tissues
![Page 7: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Connective Tissue• Connective tissue is clearly different from
neighboring tissues
![Page 8: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Connective Tissue Cells• Fibroblasts:– Secrete both fibers and ground substance of the
matrix (wandering)
![Page 9: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Connective Tissue Cells• Macrophages:– Phagocytes that develop from Monocytes
(wandering or fixed)
![Page 10: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Connective Tissue Cells• Plasma Cells:– Antibody secreting cells that develop from B-
Lymphocytes (wandering)
![Page 11: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Connective Tissue Cells• Mast Cells– Produce histamine that help dilate small blood
vessels in reaction to injury (wandering)
![Page 12: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Connective Tissue Cells• Adipocytes:– Fat cells that store triglycerides, support, protect
and insulate (fixed)
![Page 13: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Connective Tissue Cells
![Page 14: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fibroblasts• Active fibroblasts have extensions
Extensions of fibroblasts (arrow-heads) are seen with the cell or alone, depending on section plane
![Page 15: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fibroblasts• Active fibroblasts have extensions
Electrom micrograph of fibrocyte with cytoplasmic extensions interdigitating among collagen fibers, X 26,000
![Page 16: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Matrix Fibers• Collagen Fibers• Elastic Fibers• Reticular Fibers
![Page 17: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Matrix Fibers• Collagen Fibers:– Large fibers made of the protein collagen– The most abundant fibers– Promote tissue flexibility
![Page 18: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Matrix Fibers• Elastic Fibers:– Intermediate fibers made of the protein Elastin– Branching fibers that allow for stretch and recoil
Polarizing microscopypicrosirius-stained collagen,elastic fibers are stained by Orcein
![Page 19: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Matrix Fibers• Reticular Fibers:– Small delicate, branched fibers– Have same chemical composition of Collagen– Forms structural framework for organs such as
spleen and lymph nodes.
![Page 20: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Matrix Fibers
Collagen
Elastin
![Page 21: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Elastic and Collagen Fibers
![Page 22: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Matrix Ground Substance • Hyaluronic Acid:– Complex combination of polysaccharides and
proteins found in “true” or proper connective tissue
• Chondroitin sulfate:– Jellylike ground substance of cartilage, bone, skin
and blood vessels• Other ground Substances:– Dermatin sulfate, keratin sulfate, and
adhesion proteins
![Page 23: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Types of Connective Tissue1. True (Proper) Connective Tissue– Loose Connective Tissue• Aereolar, Adipose, Reticular
– Dense Connective Tissue2. Supportive Connective Tissue– Cartilage– Bone
3. Liquid Connective Tissue– Blood
![Page 24: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Loose Connective Tissue• Areolar tissue–Widely distributed under epithelia
• Adipose tissue–Hypodermis, within abdomen, breasts
• Reticular connective tissue– Lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes
![Page 25: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Areolar Connective Tissue• Structure:
– all 3 types of fibers– several types of cells– semi-fluid ground substance
• Present in:– subcutaneous layer– mucous membranes– around blood vessels, nerves
and organs• Function:
– strength, support and elasticity
![Page 26: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Adipose Connective Tissue:• Structure:
– adipocytes; "signet ring" appearing fat cells. They store energy in the form of triglycerides (lipids)
• Present in:– subcutaneous layer– around organs– yellow marrow of long bones
• Function:– supports, protects and
insulates– serves as an energy reserve
![Page 27: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Adipose Connective Tissue
![Page 28: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Reticular Connective Tissue• Structure:
– fine interlacing reticular fibers
– reticular cells• Present in:
– liver, spleen and lymph nodes
• Function:– forms the framework
(stroma) of organs– binds together smooth
muscle tissue cells
![Page 29: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Reticular Connective Tissue• Structure:
– fine interlacing reticular fibers
– reticular cells• Present in:
– liver, spleen and lymph nodes
• Function:– forms the framework
(stroma) of organs– binds together smooth
muscle tissue cells
![Page 30: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Reticular Connective Tissue
![Page 31: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Reticular Connective Tissue
Reticular Fibers
Collagen Fibers
Thyroid gland, Scanning electron microscopy, X 2500Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy
![Page 32: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Types of Connective Tissue1. True (Proper) Connective Tissue– Loose Connective Tissue• Aereolar, Adipose, Reticular
– Dense Connective Tissue2. Supportive Connective Tissue– Cartilage– Bone
3. Liquid Connective Tissue– Blood
![Page 33: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Dense Connective Tissue• Contains more numerous and thicker fibers
and far fewer cells than loose CT
• Types:– Dense regular connective tissue• Tendons and ligaments
– Dense irregular connective tissue• Dermis of skin, submucosa of digestive tract
![Page 34: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Dense Regular Connective Tissue• Structure:– bundles of collagen fibers
and fibroblasts• Present in:– Tendons,– Ligaments– aponeuroses
• Function:– provides strong
attachment between various structures Tendon
![Page 35: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
![Page 36: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue• Structure:– randomly-arranged collagen
fibers and– few fibroblasts
• Present in:– fasciae,– dermis of skin– joint capsules– heart valves
• Function:– provides strength
![Page 37: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue• Structure:– randomly-arranged collagen
fibers and– few fibroblasts
• Present in:– fasciae,– dermis of skin– joint capsules– heart valves
• Function:– provides strength Eyelid, Azan stain
Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy
![Page 38: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue• Structure:– randomly-arranged collagen
fibers and– few fibroblasts
• Present in:– fasciae,– dermis of skin– joint capsules– heart valves
• Function:– provides strength
Renal capsule, Scanning electron microscopy, X 5000
Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy
![Page 39: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Types of Connective Tissue1. True (Proper) Connective Tissue– Loose Connective Tissue• Aereolar, Adipose, Reticular
– Dense Connective Tissue2. Supportive Connective Tissue– Cartilage– Bone
3. Liquid Connective Tissue– Blood
![Page 40: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Cartilage• Structure:
– Jelly-like matrix (chondroitin sulfate)
– collagen and elastic fibers– Chondrocytes (within spaces in
the matrix called lacunae)– surrounded by a membrane
(perichondrium)– has NO blood vessels or nerves
except in the perichondrium• Function:
– Collagen fibers provide strength– chondroitin sulfate provides
resilience
Perichondrium Perichondrium
Hayaline Cartilage
![Page 41: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Cartilage• Types:–Hyaline cartilage– Fibro-cartilage– Elastic cartilage
![Page 42: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Hyaline Cartilage• Most abundant type• Structure:
– Fine collagen fibers embedded in a gel-type matrix
– Occasional chondrocytes inside lacunae
• Present in:– embryonic skeleton– at the ends of long bones (joints)– in the nose and in respiratory
structures• Function:
– flexible, provides support– allows movement at joints
![Page 43: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Hyaline Cartilage
![Page 44: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Hyaline Cartilage• Covers articular surfaces
![Page 45: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Fibrocartilage• Structure
– bundles of collagen in the matrix that are usually more visible under microscopy
• Present in:– Intervertebral discs,– Menisci of the knee,– Pubic Symphysis,– Tendon insertion on apophyseal
hayaline cartilage• Function:
– Support and fusion– shock absorption
![Page 46: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Fibrocartilage
![Page 47: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Fibrocartilage
Picrosirius-Hematoxilin stain of fibrocartilage, with abundant collagen fibers
![Page 48: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Elastic Cartilage• Structure– Threadlike network of elastic
fibers within the matrix• Present in:– external ear– auditory tubes– epiglottis
• Function:– gives support,– maintains shape– allows flexibility
![Page 49: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Elastic Cartilage
Resorcin stain selectively staining the elastic fibers of elastic cartilage tissueCells are not stained
![Page 50: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Elastic Cartilage
1 Elastic fibers, 2 Cartilage Cells, 3 perichondrium
Kuehnel, Color Atlas of Cytology, Histology, and Microscopic Anatomy
![Page 51: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Types of Connective Tissue1. True (Proper) Connective Tissue– Loose Connective Tissue• Aereolar, Adipose, Reticular
– Dense Connective Tissue2. Supportive Connective Tissue– Cartilage– Bone
3. Liquid Connective Tissue– Blood
![Page 52: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Bone• Structure– The hardest CT– Osteocytes in small cavities- lacunae– Impregnated with calcium salts
• Types:– Spongy (cancellous)– Compact (cortical)
![Page 53: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Bone Types• Spongy (cancellous)– Loose rods of bones– Found inside body
of bones, and ends of arms and legs
• Compact (cortical)– Tightly organized– Found in shafts of
long bones
![Page 54: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Bone Structure
Cancellous Bone
Cortical Bone
![Page 55: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Bone Structure
![Page 56: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Bone Structure
![Page 57: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Bone Structure
![Page 58: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Bone Structure
Section of a Haversian system (Osteone)
![Page 59: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Bone Cells• Osteoblasts:– build bone – Bone deposition
• Osteocytes:– Osteoblasts: surrounded
by the matrix they formed
• Osteoclasts:– resorb (eat) bone– Bone resorption
![Page 60: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Bone Cells• Osteoblasts:– build bone
• Osteocytes:– osteoblasts surrounded by matrix they formed
![Page 61: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Bone Cells• Osteoclasts:– Resorb (eat) bone
![Page 62: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Bone Cells• Osteoclasts:– Resorb (eat) bone
![Page 63: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Types of Connective Tissue1. True (Proper) Connective Tissue– Loose Connective Tissue• Aereolar, Adipose, Reticular
– Dense Connective Tissue2. Supportive Connective Tissue– Cartilage– Bone
3. Liquid Connective Tissue– Blood– Lymph
![Page 64: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Blood• RBC• Neutrophils• Lymphocytes• Monocytes• Platelets
![Page 65: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Blood• RBC• Neutrophils• Lymphocytes• Monocytes• Platelets
www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au
![Page 66: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Blood• RBC• Neutrophils• Lymphocytes• Monocytes• Platelets
www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au
![Page 67: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Blood• RBC• Neutrophils• Lymphocytes• Monocytes• Platelets
www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au
![Page 68: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Blood• RBC• Neutrophils• Lymphocytes• Monocytes• Platelets
www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au
![Page 69: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
LymphContains lymphatic fluid and WBC
![Page 70: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Summary• What is connective tissue• Structure: Consists of two basic elements:– Cells, and– Extra-cellular matrix (abundant) (dominant part)• Fibers, and• Ground substance (liquid, gel, or solid)
• Function– Binds and/or supports other tissue
![Page 71: Connective Tissue](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081513/568166b1550346895ddaad05/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Summary
1. True (Proper) Connective Tissue– Loose CT (areolar, adipose, reticular)– Dense CT (regular, irregular)
2. Supportive Connective Tissue– Cartilage– Bone
3. Liquid Connective Tissue– Blood– Lymph
Types of Connective Tissue: