Consecutive intake of ZESPRI GOLD Kiwifruits makes positive influence on immunity -from the evidence of the clinical trial

Suzuki Naoko

Orthomedico Inc,

1

Why Kiwi?Kiwi fruits contain a large amount of vitamin C

- is considered to have antioxidant effectinfection prophylactic effect.

Gold Kiwis & Green Kiwis→ Gold kiwis contain more vitamin C than green kiwis

Animal study suggests that kiwi fruits have immunostimulatingeffect, however, it has still been obscure whether kiwi fruits have an influence over human immunity.

ZESPRI Gold Kiwi

Vitamin C(L-Ascorbic acid)

To reveal the influence of daily intakes of gold-kiwi on human immunity by 4-week clinical trial

Objective

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Study Design

Study Design Randomized, single-blind placebo-controlled Trial

Clinic Seishin-kai Medical Association Inc, Takara Clinic

Participants 36 healthy volunteers, who had felt fatigue dailyage: ca. 40 y.o. (9 people/group)

Period 4 weeks

Inspection before intake (week-0) – after intake (week-4)

Test before intake Test after intake

Starting day to intake

3

Grouping

Kiwi group3 kiwis/dayEditable part= ca. 300 g/day= 390 mg V.C.

Banana group3 banana/dayEdible part= ca. 306 g/day= 48 mg V.C.

V.C. group390 mg of Vitamin C supplement/day

No intake group

No intake

Same amount of edible part

Same amount of vitamin C

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Major Measurethe Comprehensive Assessment of Human Immunity

Patented technology to assess human immunity using factors to decrease easily with aging and stress

Scoring of Immunological Vigor (SIV)- shows comprehensive immunological function calculated from 5 immunological factors such asnumber of T cells, CD8+CD28+ T cells and so on.

T-lymphocyte Age- is calculated using number of CD8+CD28+ T cells, referring correlation between age and number of CD8+CD28+ T cells.

0

1

2

3# T cells

# CD8+CD28+T cell

Ratio ofCD4/CD8

cells

# naïve T cell

Ratio ofNaïve/Memory

T cells

Age

Nu

mb

er o

fC

D8

+CD

28

+ T

cells

5

Comparison of T-lymphocyte ages between before and after intakes

35

40

45

50

55

60

Kiwi Banana V.C. No-intake

T-ly

mp

ho

cyte

Age

Younger

Elder * * N.S. N.S.

*: p < 0.05, N.S.: not significantly

Only in Kiwi group, T-lymphocyte age became younger by 2.1 y.o. after intake than before intake

In Banana group, T-lymphocyte age was older after intake than before intake

In both V.C. and No-intake group, there were no significant changes between before and after intakes

-2.1 y.o.

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Intakes of Kiwi might have effect on T-lymphocyte immunity to improve than either intakes of bananas or same amount of vitamin C.

Comparison of scoring of immunological vigor (SIV) between before and after intakes

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Kiwi Banana V.C. No-intake

Sco

re o

f Im

mu

no

logi

cal V

igo

r

Bad

Good N.S. + N.S. N.S.

+: p < 0.1, N.S.: not significantly

In Kiwi group, although not significantly, SIV slightly increased by 0.5 points (4.3%) after intake

In Banana group,SIV significantly decreased by 1.6 points (-14.3%) after intake

In both V.C. and No-intake group, any changes of SIV were not observed between before and after intakes

Although not significantly, kiwiintakes might make positive influence on comprehensive immunity

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Immunological Scoring between before and after intakes

1

2

3# T cells

#

CD8+CD28+

T cells

Ratio of

CD4/CD8 T

cells

# Naïve T

cells

Ratio of

Naïve/Memo

ry T cells

Kiwi

1

2

3# T cells

#

CD8+CD28+

T cells

Ratio of

CD4/CD8 T

cells

# Naïve T

cells

Ratio of

Naïve/Memo

ry T cells

Banana Before

After

1

2

3# T cells

#

CD8+CD28+

T cells

Ratio of

CD4/CD8 T

cells

# Naïve T

cells

Ratio of

Naïve/Memo

ry T cells

V.C.

1

2

3# T cells

#

CD8+CD28+

T cells

Ratio of

CD4/CD8 T

cells

# Naïve T

cells

Ratio of

Naïve/Memo

ry T cells

No-Intake

Changes of lower immunological items in Kiwi group

0

10

20

30

Befo

re

After

CD8 T cell

%

0

100

200

300

400

Befo

re

After

Number of naïve T cell

0

100

200

300B

efore

After

Number of CD8+CD28+ T cell

/μl

/μl

In Kiwi group, of 13 measures, 3 immunological measures significantly increased after 4-week intake than before intake.

CD8 T cell 20.6±5.1% → 22.0±5.7%

Number of naïve T cell 237.3±89.4/μｌ → 261.5±97.2/μｌ

Number of CD8+28+ T cell 184.3±42.8/μｌ → 205.9±53.2/μｌ

Focused on the averages, others slightly seemed to increase although not significantly. → Increase of each immunological factor might make the comprehensive immunity improve,

such as T-lymphocyte age and SIV.

p = 0.025 p = 0.045 p = 0.048

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Subjective effects of kiwi intake

0

5

10

week 0 week 4

Fatigue

week 0 week 4

Bowel movement

week 0 week 4

Skin dryness

week 0 week 4

Skin conditionGood!

Bad

Visual Analogue Scale a kind of questionnaires, which volunteers respond(VAS) in a horizontal line as 10 is best and as 0 is worst

as imaginary as possible.

p = 0.003p = 0.029 p < 0.001 p = 0.006

As a result of VAS, points of 5 items were significantly increased after intake than before intake in Kiwi group.

week 0 week 4

Eye Fatigue

p = 0.038

Intakes of Kiwi has good bodily sensation for volunteers.

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Safety

• No volunteers complained any adverse events by daily intakes of 3 kiwis during the 4-week trial

• Blood and Urinary medical examination showed some marginal significant change in hematocrit, MCV, cholinesterase (ChE), HDL cholesterol, glyco-albumin between before and after intakes of kiwi but all of them were in standard values.

Daily intakes of 3 kiwis did not induce any problems for

all volunteers.

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Schema of Immunological influence of kiwi in the trial

Kiwi Banana

No intakeVitamin C

Of the four groups, only Kiwi made positive influence on immunity during 4-week trial from the view of both integrated immunity and lower immunity.

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Discussion

Vitamin C is well-known nutrition to be expected positive effect of prevention of cold.

Intake of vitamin C supplement did not improve human immunity.

Vitamin-C dose expected to treat a cold is daily 1000-3000 mg intaketo prevent 600-1000 mg intake

Intake of 390-mg of vitamin C should not be enough to make immunity improve.

Kiwis are a mixture of many kinds of nutritional component

It might be better to intake vitamin C from fruits rather than to intake the one purified artificially.

1) Why did not vitamin C improve immunity?2) Why did kiwi, including same amount of vitamin C, improve human immunity?

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Conclusion

A randomized, single-blind, 4-week clinical trial suggests the immunostimulating effect by daily intakes of 3 ZESPRI kiwis.

Kiwi might play an important role in the preventive medicine by its immunostimulatingeffect, because it is a fruit of cheap and easy to eat.

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