conservation management zones of australia -...

Conservation Management Zones of AustraliaEastern Australia Tropical Forests and Woodlands

Prepared by the Department of the Environment

Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Tropical Forests and Woodlands

AcknowledgementsThis project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.

Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.

Image CreditsFront Cover: Wanggoolba Creek, Fraser Island – Peter LikPage 4: Glass House Mountains National Park – Peter LikPage 10: Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) – Dan LunneyPage 15: Kenilworth State Forest – Peter LikPage 18: Up Hill Inlet, Whitsunday Island – Ben Southall, Tourism and Events Queensland0: Nangur spiny skink (Nangura spinosa) – Steve WilsonPage 21: Proserpine Rock-Wallaby (Petrogale persephone) – Briony Masters, Copyright The State of QLD (Department of Environment and Heritage Protection)Page 23: Mary River Turtle (Elusor macrurus) – Chris Van WykPage 24: Forest Kingfisher (Todiramphus macleayii) – JJ HarrisonPage 27: Green Turtle Hatchlings (Chelonia mydas), Heron Island – Darren JewPage 33: Kondalilla National Park, Blackall Range – Peter LikPage 34: Eucalyptus woodlands with tussock grass (Eucalyptus platyphylla) – J. WrigleyPage 35: Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey – Annie Kelly, QLD HerbariumPage 36: Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey – Tim Ryan, QLD HerbariumPage 37: Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey (Eucalyptus hallii) – Tim Ryan, QLD HerbariumPage 38: Tropical or sub-tropical rainforest, Mary Cairncross Reserve – BidgeePage 39: Melaleuca open forests and woodlands, broad leaf tea-tree (Melaleuca viridiflora) woodlands – Neisha BurtonBack Cover: Wanggoolba Creek, Fraser Island – Peter Lik

© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.

The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.

For licence conditions see here.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/

Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Tropical Forests and Woodlands

Contents

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ��2

Introduction ��2

Zone at a glance ��3

Population characteristics ��6

Employment, volunteering and incomes ��9

Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice ��11

Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas �� 13

Zone vegetation characteristics�� 14

Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands�� 16

World and National Heritage �� 18

Major National Reserve System properties �� 19

EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities �� 20

EPBC Act (1999) threatened species �� 21

EPBC Act (1999) migratory species �� 26

Threatened endemic species �� 28

Invasive species �� 30

Vegetation profiles and management recommendations �� 33

2 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Eastern Australia Tropical Forests and Woodlands

The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities� We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country�

Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.

The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.

The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.

The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.

Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.

The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country


Zone at a glance

Area of zone: 8,206,132 hectares

% of Australia:

1.07%25.68 people per square kilometre

Population density:

Zone population characteristics

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

Tota

l

Engl

ish a

s a

seco

nd

lang

uage

Indi

geno

us

Ove

r 65

Yout

h (1

5–24

)

Num

ber o

f peo

ple

1,851,036

Zone employment characteristics

94.9%

5.1%

UnemployedEmployed

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data


Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions

South East Queensland Catchments QLDBurnett Mary Regional Group for Natural Resource Management QLD

Fitzroy Basin Association Inc QLDReef Catchments QLDNQ Dry Tropics Inc QLD

Regional centres Population

Airlie Beach – Cannonvale 7,869 Ayr 8,392 Bangara – Innes Park 10,048 Beerwah 4,336 Bongaree-Woorim 17,068 Bowen 8,599 Gympie 17,283 Nambour 16,251 Palmwoods 4,091 Sandstone Point – Ningi 8,038 Yeppoon 15,124

Major cities and towns Population

Bundaberg 69,805 Gladstone 44,355 Hervey Bay 50,431 Mackay 81,594 Maryborough 21,801 Rockhampton 77,704 Sunshine Coast 285,169 Townsville 171,971

Climate characteristics*

Mean annual temperature 21.3 Celsius

Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 30.4 Celsius

Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 9.7 Celsius

Mean Annual Rainfall 1083.4 mm

Dominant rainfall season Summer

* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).

For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/

Top five agricultural commodities Value (millions)Other broadacre crops (including sugar cane) $593

Vegetables for consumption $425

Beef $233

Fruit $233

Poultry $169Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here)

$1,882


http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/


Native Title area

Other areaNative Title area

99.5%

0.5%

National Reserve System area

11%

89%

Other areaNRS area

Number of threatened species by class

111

31

20

15

76 5

Fish

FrogsBirdsPlants Mammals

Sharks

Reptiles

Insects Other

11

Status of EPBC Act listed threatened species, communities and migratory species

0 19 38 57 76 95 114

114

73

83

Threatened ecologicalcommunities

Migratory species

Conservation dependent

Critically endangered species

Endangered species

Vulnerable species

2

8

8

Native vegetation clearance level

62.6%

37.4%

Uncleared (ha)Cleared (ha)

Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).


Population

Population characteristics

Population by age group

20%

13%

33%

19%

65 years and over40–64 years

15–24 years0–14 years 25–39 years

15%

Indigenous population by age group

39%

20%

2%

20%

19%


15–24 years0–14 years 25–39 years

Farmer and farm managers by age group

14%23%

61%


25–39 years15–24 years

2%


Gender of farmers and farm managers

5,278

2,097

FemaleMale


Languages spoken at home

English 88.61%

Other languages 5.84%

Not stated 5.39%


Non-English languages spoken at home*

Northern European (including Scandinavia, Celtic, Germanic, Dutch)Southern European

Eastern European

Central Asian, Turkic, Iranic and Semitic

Southern Asian, Dravidan and Indo-Ayran

South-East Asian

East Asian

Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander

American (Indigenous)

African

Paci�c / Oceanic

Sign language

17.25%

8.40%

3.80%

15.37%

6.26%

0.91%

1.62%

0.77%

* Please note, these �gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke a language other than English at home.

18.73%

14.54%

12.35%

0.02%

Indigenous languages spoken at home**

51.27%

42.93%

** Please note, these �gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke an Indigenous language at home.

Arnhem Land and Daly River Region Languages

Yolngu Matha

Cape York Peninsula Languages

Torres Strait Island Languages

Western Desert Language

Kimberley Area Languages

Other Australian Indigenous Languages

1.81%0.48%

0.48%

2.54%0.48%


Education

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%



Highest level of educational attainment – total population

Inad

equa

tely

des

crib

ed/N

ot st

ated

No

Educ

atio

nal A

ttai

nmen

t

Scho

ol Y

ears

10

or b

elow

Scho

ol Y

ears

11

and

12

Cert

i�ca

te L

evel

Bach

elor

Deg

ree/

Adva

nced

Dip

lom

a an

d D

iplo

ma

Post

grad

uate

Deg

ree/

Gra

duat

eD

iplo

ma

& G

radu

ate

Cert

i�ca

te

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%



Highest level of educational attainment – farmers and farm managers

Inad

equa

tely

des

crib

ed/N

ot st

ated

No

Educ

atio

nal A

ttai

nmen

t

Scho

ol Y

ears

10

or b

elow

Scho

ol Y

ears

11

and

12

Cert

i�ca

te L

evel

Bach

elor

Deg

ree/

Adva

nced

Dip

lom

a an

d D

iplo

ma

Post

grad

uate

Deg

ree/

Gra

duat

eD

iplo

ma

& G

radu

ate

Cert

i�ca

te

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

Post-school quali�cation types*

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

65 y

ears

an

d ab

ove

Natural and Physical Sciences

Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies

Health and education

Architecture, building, society and culture and creative arts

Information Technology, Management and Commerce and service industries

* Please note, this table omits quali�cations of mixed �eld, quali�cations that are not adequately described, and information relating to census respondents who have not stated their quali�cation or are not applicable (i.e. Not of age to have post-school quali�cation).

Highest level of educational attainment – Indigenous community

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Inad

equa

tely

des

crib

ed/N

ot st

ated

No

Educ

atio

nal A

ttai

nmen

t

Scho

ol Y

ears

10

or b

elow

Scho

ol Y

ears

11

and

12

Cert

i�ca

te L

evel

Bach

elor

Deg

ree/

Adva

nced

Dip

lom

a an

d D

iplo

ma

Post

grad

uate

Deg

ree/

Gra

duat

eD

iplo

ma

& G

radu

ate

Cert

i�ca

te





Employment

Employment, volunteering and incomes

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Employment status of general population*

65 y

ears

and

abov

e

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

Employed

Unemployed

Not in labour force or not stated

* Please note the % �gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment �gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Employment status of general population*

65 y

ears

and

abov

e

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

Employed

Unemployed


* Please note the % �gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment �gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Employment status of Indigenous population*

Indi

geno

us65

yea

rsan

d ab

ove

Indi

geno

us15

–24

year

s old

Indi

geno

us40

–64

year

s old

Indi

geno

us25

–39

year

s old

Employed

Unemployed



Employment by industry

Agriculture, forestry and sheries

Mining

Manufacturing

Utilities, construction and transport

Health, Social Assistance, Education and training

Public administration and safety

Wholesale and retail trade

Services

Food, accommodation, arts and recreation

Unknown/not stated

9%

19%

17%

6%

15%

18%

9%

3%2%

2%


Volunteering

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Volunteering rates

15–2

4 ye

ars o

ld

25–3

9 ye

ars o

ld

40–6

4 ye

ars o

ld

65 y

ears

an

d ab

ove

Not a volunteer

Volunteer

Not stated or not applicable

Income

Total household income (% of households)*

20.7%

50.3%

11.4%

4.2%

13.5%

Over $104,000

Under $20,800

Not Stated/Partially Stated

$20,800–64,999 $65,000–$103,999

* Please note these �gures have been derived from the ABS Equivalised Total Household Income (HIED)Census 2011 data. ABS data categories have been aggregated for the purposes of this report. For more information see: http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/statementsdwellinghied?opendocument&navpos=430

In the 2011–12 �nancial year, persons who earned $67,500 or less were eligible for Low Income Tax O�set. Human Services applied the following de�nitions of “low income” as eligibility criteria for the Low Income Supplement in the 2012–13 �nancial year: Income below $30,000 for singles, $45,000 combined for couples, or $60,000 combined for couples or singles with a dependent child.



Value of agricultural commodities^

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

Oth

er b

road

acre

cro

ps

Nut

s

Frui

t

Oils

eeds

Legu

me

for g

rain

Hay

Cere

als f

or g

rain

Eggs

Woo

l

Beef

Lam

b

Pork

Dai

ry

Vege

tabl

es fo

r see

d

Vege

tabl

es fo

r con

sum

ptio

n

Nur

serie

s and

cut

�ow

ers

Mill

ions

^ Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced. The value estimates in this publication are derived by the multiplication of price and quantity estimates of agricultural commodities. Price information is estimated based on the average unit value of a given commodity realised in the market place. For more information please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/7503.0Explanatory%20Notes12010-11?OpenDocument

Agricultural commodity values

Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM adviceAustralian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.


Number of people employed in agriculture, �shing, forestry and downstream industries

13,138

19,696

6,103

Forestry industry, includingproduction, logging, sawmilling

and downstream wood andpaper product manufacturing

Fishing industry, includingproduction and downstream

seafood processingand wholesaling

Agriculture downstream industries– including services,food and beverage)

Agricultural industries (production)

1,241


** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.

^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice.

For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf

Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Feral animal control*(% of agricultural holdings)

No

man

agem

ent

of fe

ral a

nim

als

Oth

er (u

nspe

ci�e

d)fe

ral a

nim

al c

ontr

ol

Fera

l goa

ts

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

Native vegetation protection and regeneration*(% of agricultural holdings)

Oth

er

Stop

ping

mec

hani

cal

or c

hem

ical

des

truc

tion

Redu

cing

gra

zing

pre

ssur

e

Man

agin

g w

eeds

Fenc

ing

o�/e

xclu

ding

stoc

k

Sought advice when adopting native vegetation management**

24.59%

75.41%

NoYes

Sources of advice**^

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Priv

ate

cons

ulta

nt o

rag

ribus

ines

s age

nt

CMA/

NRM

regi

onem

ploy

ed fa

cilit

ator

Rese

arch

and

Dev

elop

men

t Cor

pora

tion

Gov

ernm

ent

exte

nsio

n o�

cer

Peer

s or n

eigh

bour

s

Farm

er g

roup

Land

care

or f

arm

erpr

oduc

tion

grou

p

http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf

http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0


Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Land tenure

Crown Land – Private – Leased

Crown Land – Public

Crown Land – Public – Leased

Crown Land – Unknown – Leased

Freehold – Unknown

No Data/Unknown

16.9%

47.8%

18%

2%

14.6%

0.8%

Land use

Grazing Native Vegetation

Conservation and Natural Environments

Production Forestry (native vegetation)

Production from Irrigated Agriculture and Plantations

Water (natural)

Industry, Residential, Services and Mining

Plantation Forestry

Other

6%

1%2%

59%20%

3%

5%

4%

Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx

Indigenous Land Councils

North Queensland Aboriginal Land Council: www.nqlc.com.au

Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013. For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx

Native Title and Traditional Owners

Traditional Owners Registered Native Title Body Corporate Hectares % of zone

The Quandamooka People Quandamooka Yoolooburrabee Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC 20,829 0.25

Juru (Cape Upstart) People Kyburra Munda Yalga Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC 8,572 0.1

The Jinibara People Jinibara People Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC 6,274 0.08

The Quandamooka People Quandamooka Yoolooburrabee Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC 4,506 0.05

http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx

www.nqlc.com.au

http://www.nntt.gov.au


Local Government Areas

Banana Shire QLD

Bundaberg Regional QLD

Burdekin Shire QLD

Central Highlands Regional QLD

Charters Towers Regional QLD

Fraser Coast Regional QLD

Gladstone Regional QLD

Gympie Regional QLD

Isaac Regional QLD

Livingstone Shire QLD

Local Government Areas

Mackay Regional QLD

Moreton Bay Regional QLD

Noosa Shire QLD

North Burnett Regional QLD

Redland City QLD

Rockhampton Regional QLD

Somerset Regional QLD

Sunshine Coast Regional QLD

Townsville City QLD

Whitsunday Regional QLD

Zone vegetation characteristics

Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVS) with >1% original distribution within zone

Euca

lypt

us w

oodl

ands

with

a tu

ssoc

k gr

ass u

nder

stor

ey

Mel

aleu

ca o

pen

fore

sts

and

woo

dlan

ds

Euca

lypt

us w

oodl

ands

with

a sh

rubb

y un

ders

tore

y

Man

grov

es

Euca

lypt

us o

pen

fore

sts w

itha

shru

bby

unde

rsto

rey

Low

clo

sed

fore

st o

r tal

l clo

sed

shru

blan

ds (i

nclu

ding

Aca

cia,

Mel

aleu

ca a

nd B

anks

ia)

Euca

lypt

us o

pen

fore

sts w

itha

gras

sy u

nder

stor

ey

Nat

ural

ly b

are,

sand

,ro

ck, c

layp

an, m

ud�a

t

Euca

lypt

us o

pen

woo

dlan

dsw

ith a

gra

ssy

unde

rsto

rey

Trop

ical

or s

ub-t

ropi

cal r

ainf

ores

t

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Present day percentage of CMZ areaPre 1750 percentage of CMZ area


The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.

Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.

It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.

Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.

For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system


Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria

Abbot Point – Caley Valley QLD 4,911 1, 2, 3, 5

Barrattas Channels Aggregation QLD 7,118 1, 2, 3, 5

Bowen River: Birralee – Pelican Creek QLD 1,186 1, 2, 3, 5

Bowling Green Bay QLD 30,547 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Bribie Island QLD 9,924 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Broad Sound QLD 106,759 1, 2, 3, 4, 5Broken River, Urannah Creek and Massey Creek Aggregation QLD 6,046 1, 2, 3, 5

Burdekin-Bowen Junction and Blue Valley Weir Aggregation QLD 3,196 1, 2, 3, 5

Burdekin – Townsville Coastal Aggregation QLD 43,143 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Burdekin Delta QLD 27,341 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Burrum Coast QLD 10,688 1, 2, 3

Bustard Bay Wetlands QLD 10,887 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Colosseum Inlet – Rodds Bay QLD 13,121 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Coolum Creek and Lower Maroochy River QLD 1,872 1, 3, 5, 6

Corio Bay Wetlands QLD 4,890 1, 2, 3, 5

Deepwater Creek QLD 6,441 1, 2, 3, 5

Dismal Swamp – Water Park Creek QLD 11,694 1, 2, 3, 5

Edgecumbe Bay QLD 3,487 1, 3, 5

Eungella Dam QLD 797 1, 2, 3

Fitzroy River Delta QLD 60,919 1, 2, 3, 6

Fitzroy River Floodplain QLD 19,483 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Four Mile Beach QLD 1,888 1, 3

Fraser Island QLD 162,494 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Granite Creek QLD 2,806 1, 2, 3, 5

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park QLD 53,137 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

Ramsar wetlands Jurisdiction HectaresBowling Green Bay QLD 33,913 Great Sandy Strait (including Great Sandy Strait, Tin Can Bay and Tin Can Inlet).

QLD 24,893

Moreton Bay QLD 51,003 Shoalwater and Corio Bays Area (Shoalwater Bay Training Area, in part – Corio Bay)

QLD (Australian Government)

57,249

Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands


Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex.3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when

adverse conditions such as drought prevail.4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level.6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition

Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria

Great Sandy Strait QLD 28,318 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Hedlow Wetlands QLD 11,093 1, 2, 3

Island Head Creek – Port Clinton Area QLD 17,749 1, 2, 3, 5

Jerona Aggregation QLD 2,371 1, 2, 3, 5

Lake Coombabah QLD 1,821 2, 3, 5

Lake Weyba QLD 2,701 1, 2, 3,5

Lower Mooloolah River QLD 1,410 1, 3, 5

Moreton Bay QLD 33,435 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Noosa River Wetlands QLD 9,909 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

North Stradbroke Island QLD 27,008 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Northeast Curtis Island QLD 7,186 1, 2, 3, 5

Pine River and Hayes Inlet QLD 2,003 1, 2, 3, 6

Port Curtis QLD 14,158 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Proserpine – Goorganga Plain QLD 14,161 1, 2, 3, 5

Pumicestone Passage QLD 2,412 1, 2, 4, 5

Ross River Reservoir QLD 2,784 1, 2, 3

Sand Bay QLD 3,387 1, 2, 3, 5

Sandringham Bay – Bakers Creek Aggregation QLD 3,285 1, 2, 3, 5

Sarina Inlet – Ince Bay Aggregation QLD 13,470 1, 2, 3, 5

Shoalwater Bay QLD 41,304 1, 2, 3, 4

Shoalwater Bay Training Area Overview C QLD 219,841 1, 2, 3, 5

Southern Upstart Bay QLD 10,978 1, 2, 3, 5

St Helens Bay Area QLD 7,146 1, 2, 3, 5

The Narrows QLD 16,396 1, 2, 3, 6

Upper Pumicestone Coastal Plain QLD 2,583 2, 3, 5, 6

Wide Bay Military Training Area C QLD 19,596 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Wongaloo Swamps Aggregation QLD 1,510 1, 2, 3

Yeppoon – Keppel Sands Tidal Wetlands QLD 8,418 1, 3, 5

http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition


Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

World and National Heritage

Heritage values World or National Heritage type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone

Great Barrier Reef World and National Natural QLD 195,482 2.38

Fraser Island World and National Natural QLD 166,811 2.03Glass House Mountains National Landscape National Natural QLD 1,866 0.02

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage


Major National Reserve System properties

Major National Reserve System properties

Name Property type IUCN category Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone

Great Sandy National Park II QLD 223,099 2.72

Eungella National Park II QLD 60,027 0.73

Bowling Green Bay National Park II QLD 57,230 0.70

Kroombit Tops National Park II QLD 33,232 0.40

Bulburin National Park II QLD 32,601 0.40

Bania National Park II QLD 32,531 0.40

Conway National Park II QLD 32,058 0.39

Burrum Coast National Park II QLD 25,899 0.32

Eurimbula National Park II QLD 23,216 0.28

Whitsunday Islands National Park II QLD 17,048 0.21

Wrattens National Park II QLD 17,036 0.21

Moreton Island National Park II QLD 16,610 0.20

Homevale National Park II QLD 15,683 0.19

Byfield National Park II QLD 14,847 0.18

Homevale Resources Reserve VI QLD 13,067 0.16

Dryander National Park II QLD 11,669 0.14

Wongi National Park II QLD 10,995 0.13

Bribie Island National Park II QLD 8,967 0.11

Castle Tower National Park II QLD 8,744 0.11

Cape Upstart National Park II QLD 8,578 0.10

The IUCN categories are as follows:

Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories classify protected areas according to their management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by many national governments, including the Australian Government, as the global standard for defining and recording protected areas.

Ib Wilderness Area

II National Park

III Natural Monument or Feature

IV Habitat/Species Management Area

V Protected Landscape/ Seascape

VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources

Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.

http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system


EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities

* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

Threatened ecological communities

Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone**Broad leaf tea-tree (Melaleuca viridiflora) woodlands in high rainfall coastal north Queensland

Endangered 42.13 1.32

Lowland Rainforest of Subtropical Australia Critically Endangered 29.37 32.42Littoral Rainforest and Coastal Vine Thickets of Eastern Australia Critically Endangered 28.76 0.13

Natural Grasslands of the Queensland Central Highlands and the northern Fitzroy Basin Endangered 5.33 5.47

Semi-evergreen vine thickets of the Brigalow Belt (North and South) and Nandewar Bioregions


Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co-dominant) Endangered 0.96 0.15

Weeping Myall Woodlands Endangered 0.56 4.64White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived Native Grassland

Critically Endangered 0.21 0.60

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities


EPBC Act (1999) threatened species

Threatened mammals

Common name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*

% of zone**

Proserpine Rock-wallaby Petrogale persephone Endangered 99.81 0.48Water Mouse, False Water Rat, Yirrkoo Xeromys myoides Vulnerable 26.61 9.66Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus Vulnerable 11.38 23.93Koala (QLD, NSW and QLD) Phascolarctos cinereus Vulnerable 8.16 41.54Spotted-tailed Quoll or Yarri (Nth QLD) Dasyurus maculatus gracilis Endangered 4.97 0.90Northern Quoll Dasyurus hallucatus Endangered 3.96 29.35Spectacled Flying-fox Pteropus conspicillatus Vulnerable 2.66 2.21

Bare-rumped Sheathtail Bat Saccolaimus saccolaimus nudicluniatus

Critically Endangered 2.04 8.17

Greater Large-eared Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus philippinensis Endangered 1.62 0.68Spot-tailed Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Quoll (SE mainland) Dasyurus maculatus maculatus Endangered 0.33 0.70

Northern Bettong Bettongia tropica Endangered 0.09 0.01Semon’s Leaf-nosed Bat, Greater Wart-nosed Horseshoe-bat Hipposideros semoni Endangered May be

presentMay be present

Large-eared Pied Bat, Large Pied Bat Chalinolobus dwyeri Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland) Potorous tridactylus tridactylus Vulnerable May be present

May be present

South-eastern Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus corbeni Vulnerable May be present

May be present

New Holland Mouse, Pookila Pseudomys novaehollandiae Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Endangered n/a n/aHumpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Vulnerable n/a n/aSouthern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Endangered n/a n/a


Threatened birds


% of zone**

Yellow Chat (Dawson) Epthianura crocea macgregori Critically Endangered 100 0.21

Black-breasted Button-quail Turnix melanogaster Vulnerable 26.32 45.17

Black-throated Finch (southern) Poephila cincta cincta Endangered 25.11 19.76

Squatter Pigeon (southern) Geophaps scripta scripta Vulnerable 17.36 75.76

Coxen’s Fig-Parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni Endangered 13.95 0.41

Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus Vulnerable 7.95 99.53

Star Finch Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda Endangered 6.48 32.06

Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 5.76 13.70

Eastern Bristlebird Dasyornis brachypterus Endangered 2.97 1.74

Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 2.32 10.46

Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Endangered 1.51 3.30

Masked Owl (northern) Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli Vulnerable 1.23 5.49

Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia Endangered 1.12 3.25

Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis Vulnerable 0.27 0.19

White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi Vulnerable 0.01 0.64

Southern Cassowary (Australian) Casuarius casuarius johnsonii Endangered 0.01 0.001

Tristan Albatross Diomedea exulans exulans Endangered n/a n/a

Kermadec Petrel (western) Pterodroma neglecta neglecta Vulnerable n/a n/a

Gibson’s Albatross Diomedea exulans gibsoni Vulnerable n/a n/a

Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans antipodensis Vulnerable n/a n/a

Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche cauta salvini Vulnerable n/a n/a

Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta cauta Vulnerable n/a n/a

Campbell Albatross Thalassarche melanophris impavida Vulnerable n/a n/a

Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable n/a n/a

White-bellied Storm-Petrel Fregetta grallaria grallaria Vulnerable n/a n/a

Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita Endangered n/a n/a

Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Endangered n/a n/a

Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Vulnerable n/a n/a

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Vulnerable n/a n/a

Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora epomophora Vulnerable n/a n/a

Herald Petrel Pterodroma heraldica Critically Endangered n/a n/a

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.

The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.


Threatened reptiles

Common Name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*

% of zone**

Three-toed Snake-tooth Skink Coeranoscincus reticulatus Vulnerable 100 0.04Mary River Turtle, Mary River Tortoise Elusor macrurus Endangered 93.62 0.65

Nangur Spiny Skink Nangura spinosa Critically Endangered 75.97 0.07

Dunmall’s Snake Furina dunmalli Vulnerable 11.97 1.33Collared Delma Delma torquata Vulnerable 8.35 1.02Ornamental Snake Denisonia maculata Vulnerable 5.28 4.63Yakka Skink Egernia rugosa Vulnerable 3.01 2.97Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea Endangered 0.07 1.69Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Vulnerable 0.04 1.76Flatback Turtle Natator depressus Vulnerable 0.04 1.80Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Vulnerable 0.03 1.80Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered 0.03 1.77Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Endangered 0.03 1.70


Other threatened fauna


% of zone**

Eungella Day Frog Taudactylus eungellensis Endangered 100 3.62Kroombit Tinker Frog, Pleione’s Torrent Frog Taudactylus pleione Critically


Honey Blue-eye Pseudomugil mellis Vulnerable 99.01 0.23Wallum Sedge Frog Litoria olongburensis Vulnerable 82.22 3.44Oxleyan Pygmy Perch Nannoperca oxleyana Endangered 67.32 0.38Mary River Cod Maccullochella mariensis Endangered 56.4 1.08Australian Lungfish, Queensland Lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri Vulnerable 38.6 1.92Pink Underwing Moth Phyllodes imperialis smithersi Endangered 12.18 0.33Giant Barred Frog, Southern Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus Endangered 10.7 1.24

Mitchell’s Rainforest Snail Thersites mitchellae Critically Endangered 1.46 0.01

Lace-eyed Tree Frog, Australian Lacelid Nyctimystes dayi Endangered 0.19 0.04Fleay’s Frog Mixophyes fleayi Endangered 0.05 0.00

Common Mistfrog Litoria rheocola Endangered May be present

May be present

Green Sawfish, Dindagubba, Narrowsnout Sawfish Pristis zijsron Vulnerable May be

presentMay be present

School Shark, Eastern School Shark, Snapper Shark, Tope, Soupfin Shark Galeorhinus galeus Conservation

Dependent n/a n/a

Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii Conservation Dependent n/a n/a

Black Rockcod, Black Cod, Saddled Rockcod Epinephelus daemelii Vulnerable n/a n/a

Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Vulnerable n/a n/a

Grey Nurse Shark (east coast population) Carcharias taurus (east coast population)

Critically Endangered n/a n/a

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Vulnerable n/a n/a


Threatened flora

Common Name Scientific name Status % of total distribution*

% of zone**

None Alectryon ramiflorus Endangered 100 0.19Bulberin Nut, Bulburin Nut Tree Macadamia jansenii Endangered 100 0.04Holly-leaved Graptophyllum, Mt Blackwood Holly Graptophyllum ilicifolium Vulnerable 100 0.13

Penda, Southern Penda, Luya’s Hardwood Xanthostemon oppositifolius Vulnerable 100 0.77Velvet Hopbush Dodonaea rupicola Vulnerable 100 0.08Bacon Wood, Tulip Siris Archidendron lovelliae Vulnerable 100 0.35None Ozothamnus eriocephalus Vulnerable 100 2.16Mount Beerwah Mallee Eucalyptus kabiana Vulnerable 100 0.02None Neoroepera buxifolia Vulnerable 100 0.75None Medicosma obovata Vulnerable 100 0.12Key’s Boronia Boronia keysii Vulnerable 100 0.10None Capparis thozetiana Vulnerable 100 0.61None Allocasuarina thalassoscopica Endangered 100 0.04None Fontainea rostrata Vulnerable 100 1.76Glen Geddes Bloodwood Corymbia xanthope Vulnerable 100 0.92None Medicosma elliptica Vulnerable 100 0.13Goodwood Gum Eucalyptus hallii Vulnerable 100 0.91None Aristida granitica Endangered 100 0.01None Neisosperma kilneri Vulnerable 100 0.53Byfield Matchstick Comesperma oblongatum Vulnerable 99.99 0.06Swamp Daisy, Water Daisy Olearia hygrophila Endangered 99.95 0.05Swamp Stringybark Eucalyptus conglomerata Endangered 99.91 0.31Emu Mountain Sheoak Allocasuarina emuina Endangered 99.9 0.29Three-veined Hakea Hakea trineura Vulnerable 99.85 0.76Wallum Leek-orchid Prasophyllum wallum Vulnerable 99.73 0.12None Acacia attenuata Vulnerable 98.83 1.94None Germainia capitata Vulnerable 98.76 3.71None Pimelea leptospermoides Vulnerable 98.56 1.03Wedge-leaf Tuckeroo Cupaniopsis shirleyana Vulnerable 96.8 20.14None Phaius bernaysii Endangered 95.41 0.32None Pultenaea setulosa Vulnerable 94.98 0.89None Omphalea celata Vulnerable 92.53 15.94Mt Larcom Silk Pod Parsonsia larcomensis Vulnerable 92.42 0.89None Plectranthus omissus Endangered 85.08 0.28Veiny Graptophyllum Graptophyllum reticulatum Endangered 84.99 0.22None Apatophyllum olsenii Vulnerable 80.98 0.24

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.

Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species

http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl


Migratory birds

Common name Scientific nameSpectacled Monarch Monarcha trivirgatus

Coxen’s Fig-Parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni

Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifronsBlack-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsisLatham’s Snipe, Japanese Snipe Gallinago hardwickii

Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleucaEastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensisWhite-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus

Great Knot Calidris tenuirostrisWhite-bellied Sea-Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster

Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis (sensu lato)

Double-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctusLittle Curlew, Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus

Oriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel Charadrius veredus

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopusLesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover Charadrius mongolus

Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulvaCattle Egret Ardea ibisBar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponicaGreater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii

Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellusGrey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipesRed Knot, Knot Calidris canutusSanderling Calidris albaBlack-naped Tern Sterna sumatranaCurlew Sandpiper Calidris ferrugineaRed-necked Stint Calidris ruficollisRuddy Turnstone Arenaria interpresBlack-tailed Godwit Limosa limosaSharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminataSarus Crane Grus antigoneWood Sandpiper Tringa glareola

Migratory birds

Common name Scientific nameMarsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank Tringa stagnatilis

Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereusGrey Plover Pluvialis squatarolaCommon Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucosFork-tailed Swift Apus pacificusWedge-tailed Shearwater Puffinus pacificus

Great Egret, White Egret Ardea alba

Flesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater

Puffinus carneipes

Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarumWhite-capped Albatross Thalassarche steadi

Barn Swallow Hirundo rusticaRainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatusTristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenenaStreaked Shearwater Puffinus leucomelasStreaked Shearwater Calonectris leucomelasCaspian Tern Sterna caspiaLittle Tern Sterna albifronsBridled Tern Sterna anaethetusLesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensisRoseate Tern Sterna dougalliiBlack-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophrisChatham Albatross Thalassarche eremitaAntipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensisCampbell Albatross Thalassarche impavidaSalvin’s Albatross Thalassarche salviniBrown Booby Sula leucogasterSouthern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteusNorthern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halliSouthern Royal Albatross

Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato)

Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross

Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)

Gibson’s Albatross Diomedea gibsoni

EPBC Act (1999) migratory species


Other migratory species

Common name Scientific name

Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus

Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni

Dugong Dugong dugon

Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus

Flatback Turtle Natator depressus

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias

Green Turtle Chelonia mydas

Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata

Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae

Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin Sousa chinensis

Irrawaddy Dolphin Orcaella brevirostris

Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea

Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta

Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea

Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus

Salt-water Crocodile, Estuarine Crocodile Crocodylus porosus

Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis

Whale Shark Rhincodon typus

For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species


Threatened endemic species

Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN statusCrabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus bindal Recorded in reserves n/a Critically

EndangeredCrabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Euastacus eungella Recorded in reserves n/a Critically

EndangeredCrabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies Tenuibranchiurus glypticus Recorded in reserves n/a Endangered

Frogs Cophixalus macdonaldi Recorded in reserves n/a Endangered

Mammals Petrogale persephone Recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered

Molluscs Signepupina coxeni Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened

Molluscs Bentosites macleayi Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened

Molluscs Offachloritis dryanderensis Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable

Molluscs Setomedea nudicostata Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened

Plants Acianthus ledwardii Recorded in reserves Extinct n/a

Plants Phaius bernaysii Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Prasophyllum wallum Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Olearia hygrophila Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Macrozamia lomandroides Recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered

Plants Macrozamia longispina Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened

Plants Macrozamia parcifolia Recorded in reserves Vulnerable Vulnerable

Plants Acacia attenuata Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Archidendron lovelliae Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Allocasuarina thalassoscopica Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Omphalea celata Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Neoroepera buxifolia Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Corymbia xanthope Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Xanthostemon oppositifolius Recorded in reserves Vulnerable Endangered

Plants Aristida granitica Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Macadamia jansenii Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Triunia robusta Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Boronia keysii Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Medicosma obovata Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Zieria bifida Not recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Alectryon ramiflorus Recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered

Plants Dodonaea rupicola Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Threatened endemic species


Eastern Australia TropicalRainforests CMZ

Concentrations of unreservedendemic species

Australian Natural HeritageAssessment Tool

Data Sources: - All biodiversity data have been derived from the Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool, which includes species location records from Australian museums, Australian herbaria, Birds Australia, CSIRO,state and territory governments and other sources.- Weighted endemism / richness scores are calculated for all species within a specified group with the exception of vascular plants (includes only 75 families) and vertebrates (does not include fish species).For a full list of taxa included in ANHAT see www.environment.gov.au/heritage/index.html

- Drainage and waterbodies have been derived from the GeoscienceAustralia GEODATA TOPO 10M 2002 - Locality data have been derived from the Geoscience AustraliaGEODATA TOPO 10M 2002 data layer

Caveat: While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy andcompleteness, no guarantee is given, nor responsibility taken by theCommonwealth for errors or omissions and the Commonwealth doesnot accept responsibility in respect of any information or advice givenin relation to, or as a consequence of, anything contained herein.

Produced by: The Department of the Environment. © Commonwealth of Australia 2008

0 100 20050Kilometres

Concentration of endemics

1

2

3 - 4

5 - 6

7 - 8

9 - 30

Eastern Australia tropical rainforests

CMZ Boundaries

Parks and Reserves

The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts.

Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool

Concentrations of unreserved endemic species

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool


* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

Invasive species

Invasive mammals

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**

Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 1.06 98.8

Pig Sus scrofa 2.3 98.4

Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 1.26 94.8

Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 1.4 93.7

House Mouse Mus musculus 2.02 87.5

Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 2.26 68.6

Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 3.07 63.7

Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 3.6 48.9

Brown Hare Lepus capensis 3.92 47.5

Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 5.92 13.7

Feral deer species in Australia Feral deer 2.77 12.9

Horse Equus caballus 0.69 12.4

Goat Capra hircus 0.25 6.6

Other invasive fauna

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**

Cane Toad Rhinella marina 4.2 98.8

House Sparrow Passer domesticus 2.55 91.9

Nutmeg Mannikin Lonchura punctulata 25.23 81.7

Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 2.5 77.6

Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 7.11 72.2

Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 2.29 60.3

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 4.68 40.4

Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 5.54 34.9

Asian House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus 10.4 28.5

European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 0.56 6.1

Mourning Gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris 20.76 4.7Flowerpot Blind Snake, Brahminy Blind Snake, Cacing Besi Ramphotyphlops braminus 3.79 2.6

Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 0.2 2.2

Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus 1.94 1.9

Red Junglefowl, Domestic Fowl Gallus gallus 4.04 0.02


Invasive flora

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage

Lantana camara 16.69 99.14

Parthenium Weed, Bitter Weed, Carrot Grass, False Ragweed Parthenium hysterophorus 12.46 93.24

Rubber Vine, Rubbervine, India Rubber Vine, India Rubbervine, Palay Rubbervine, Purple Allamanda

Cryptostegia grandiflora 10.2 84.53

Hymenachne, Olive Hymenachne, Water Stargrass, West Indian Grass, West Indian Marsh Grass

Hymenachne amplexicaulis 25.89 71.19

Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss, Kariba Weed Salvinia molesta 18.77 70.88

Cotton-leaved Physic-Nut, Bellyache Bush, Cotton-leaf Physic Nut, Cotton-leaf Jatropha, Black Physic Nut

Jatropha gossypifolia 8.3 40.53

Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Jelly Bean Tree, Horse Bean Parkinsonia aculeata 2.08 40.18

Bitou Bush, Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera 5.74 39.47

Prickly Acacia, Blackthorn, Prickly Mimosa, Black Piquant, Babul Vachellia nilotica 5.4 36.72

Prickly Acacia Acacia nilotica subsp. indica 2.53 35.47

Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 4.27 19.77Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish Grass, Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina Fanwort, Common Cabomba

Cabomba caroliniana 15.46 19.31

Cat’s Claw Vine, Yellow Trumpet Vine, Cat’s Claw Creeper, Funnel Creeper Dolichandra unguis-cati 27.08 18.74

Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily Eichhornia crassipes 11.64 13.33

Bitou Bush Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata 15.86 12.97

Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine, Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine

Anredera cordifolia 11.36 12.90

Mesquite, Algaroba Prosopis spp. 1.6 11.77

Climbing Asparagus-fern Asparagus plumosus 18.88 7.48

Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus Protasparagus plumosus 18.88 7.48Pond Apple, Pond-apple Tree, Alligator Apple, Bullock’s Heart, Cherimoya, Monkey Apple, Bobwood, Corkwood

Annona glabra 17.12 7.34


* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.

For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

Invasive flora

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Fireweed, Madagascar Ragwort, Madagascar Groundsel Senecio madagascariensis 3.96 7.08

Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow

Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x calodendron & S.x reichardtii

0.76 6.08

Blackberry, European Blackberry Rubus fruticosus aggregate 0.56 5.68Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead Sagittaria platyphylla 4.1 4.22

Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern, Sprengi’s Fern, Bushy Asparagus, Emerald Asparagus

Asparagus aethiopicus 11.04 4.16

Climbing Asparagus, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus africanus 26.66 4.02

Alligator Weed Alternanthera philoxeroides 3.62 3.55Mimosa, Giant Mimosa, Giant Sensitive Plant, ThornySensitive Plant, Black Mimosa, Catclaw Mimosa, Bashful Plant

Mimosa pigra 2.58 3.08

Gamba Grass Andropogon gayanus 2.25 2.54

African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 0.07 0.46Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus Asparagus asparagoides 0.04 0.39

Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato Weed, White Nightshade, Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple, Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo

Solanum elaeagnifolium 0.06 0.11

Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus scandens 0.26 0.06

Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass Cenchrus ciliaris 0 0.05Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Insignis Pine, Wilding Pine Pinus radiata 0.01 0.04

Broom Genista sp. X Genista monspessulana 0.01 0.04

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species


Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.

The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.

Vegetation profiles and management recommendations


Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile

Protection Sustainable Agricultural Practice

Rehabilitation Fire Management

Wildlife Management

Weed Management

Feral Animal Management

Disease Management

Purchase high quality remnants into reservation and encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.

Maintain buffers of native vegetation around remnants.

Prevent firewood collection and bush rock removal.

Retain standing dead trees and fallen timber.

Limit and exclude grazing during drought or when native ground cover is in flower or seed.

Maintain 80% groundcover; 10cm sward height minimum at all times.

Fence outside canopy dripline of paddock trees to allow regeneration.

Avoid cultivation, ripping, excavation, and herbicide and pesticide application in, or near, remnants.

Avoid soil compaction from vehicles/machinery or stock camps.

Do not plant trees/shrubs into good condition sites, which should be capable of natural regeneration. Planting disturbs compositional balance and natural succession patterns.

Plant native, indigenous species only if the site shows no signs of natural regeneration. Plant trees and shrubs at the same density evident in local, good quality grassy woodland sites.

Use high quality seed, of local provenance if possible.

Don’t allow the remnant to become overly shrubby.

Maintain and protect paddock trees, as they provide linkages within the landscape for wildlife.

If few mature trees with hollows are present, provide both bird and arboreal mammal nesting boxes. Monitor these regularly for pest species.

If fallen timber has been removed from remnant sites, add coarse woody debris (e.g. recycled untreated timbers) to provide habitat.

Monitor and manage densities of Eastern Grey Kangaroos.

Mow/slash sporadically and in a mosaic pattern after native understorey has set seed.

Hand pulling, spot spraying and weed wiping are appropriate weed control measures.

Prevent weed introduction through adopting good hygiene measures and minimising soil disturbance.

Don’t stockpile topsoil within remnant areas.

61.18%Remaining

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

38.4%

23.5%

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus platyphylla; Eucalyptus drepanophylla; Eucalyptus crebra; Corymbia clarksoniana; Eucalyptus melanophloia; Corymbia citriodora; Corymbia tessellaris; Corymbia dallachiana; Acacia flavescens; Melaleuca viridiflora; Heteropogon triticeus; Mnesithea rottboellioides; Themeda triandra; tussock grass.

Management recommendations


Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey vegetation profile



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Protect remnants from clearing.

Protect hollow-bearing trees.

Protect standing dead trees and fallen timber.

56.01%Remaining

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

21.6%

12.1%

Commonly found species within this communityCorymbia citriodora; Corymbia intermedia; Eucalyptus pilularis; Eucalyptus tereticornis; Eucalyptus crebra; Acacia aulacocarpa; Lophostemon confertus; Jacksonia scoparia; Imperata cylindrica; Enteropogon unispiceus; Themeda triandra; Bothriochloa decipiens; tussock grass.



Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

71.96%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus siderophloia; Eucalyptus crebra; Eucalyptus portuensis; Lophostemon confertus; Corymbia tessellaris; Corymbia intermedia; Eucalyptus tereticornis; Eucalyptus racemosa; Eucalyptus propinqua; Eucalyptus microcorys; Allocasuarina torulosa; Acacia aulacocarpa; Alphitonia excelsa; Maytenus silvestris; Themeda triandra; Imperata cylindrica; Lepidosperma laterale; tussock grass; sedge.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

8.1%

5.8%



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Protect remnants from clearing.

Protect hollow-bearing trees.

Protect standing dead trees and fallen timber.



Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey



Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.

Protect from firewood harvesting.

Protect paddock trees.

Manage grazing practices, including avoiding high-intensity set stocking.

Avoid fertiliser drift from adjacent crops and pastures.

Allow natural regeneration through fencing and stock exclusion.

Replant where appropriate, using locally-sourced seed.

58.54%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus drepanophylla; Eucalyptus crebra; Corymbia tessellaris; Eucalyptus racemosa; Eucalyptus moluccana; Eucalyptus latisinensis; Corymbia gummifera; Melaleuca viridiflora; Allocasuarina torulosa; Acacia leiocalyx; Banksia integrifolia; Daviesia umbellulata; Banksia robur; Micromyrtus littoralis; Themeda triandra; heath shrub; cycad; grass-tree; tussock grass.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

6.4%

3.8%



Tropical or sub-tropical rainforest vegetation profile




Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants.

Create buffer zones around remnants near development and agricultural areas.

Fence off remnants adjacent to residential areas and limit access for vehicles and pets.

Protect fallen timber, paddock trees and large trees.

Purchase important areas that link patches into reservation.

Ensure that livestock are excluded from remnants, through exclusion fencing or other barriers.

Manage any adverse effects on groundwater and altered fire potential due to nearby eucalypt plantations.

Increase connectivity between remnants.

Patches of the Lowland Rainforest ecological community should be considered a priority for conservation funding.

Plant local indigenous rainforest species, especially key canopy tree species.

Exclude fire.

Discourage the use of fire as a means to control lantana or other weeds in or near to rainforest remnants.

Ensure that managed fires and, where possible, wildfires do not enter buffer zones around remnants.

Implement staged removal of camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora).

Avoid clearing camphor laurel using heavy machinery.

Manage weeds.

Monitor for early weed detection and eradication.

67.62%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityArgyrodendron polyandrum; Araucaria cunninghamii; Croton arnhemicus; Terminalia sericocarpa; Waterhousea floribunda; Paraserianthes toona; Cryptocarya hypospodia; Alyxia ruscifolia; Eugenia reinwardtiana; Cryptocarya triplinervis; Diospyros geminata; Cryptocarya laevigata; Cleistanthus cunninghamii; Carissa ovata; Asplenium attenuatum; Gahnia aspera; tree; fern; vine.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

5.1%

3.5%


Melaleuca open forests and woodlands vegetation profile




Wildlife Management

Weed Management


Disease Management

Maintain a 40 metre minimum buffer zone around remnants zone around vegetation.

Purchase remnants of Broad leaf tea-tree (Melaleuca viridiflora) woodlands into reservation.

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants.

Monitor and protect from run-off, salinity and pollution.

Protect from small-scale clearing and fragmentation of remnants.

Do not place artificial watering or feeding points within remnants

Manage forestry practices (especially pine) to minimise potential invasion of remnants from neighbouring plantations.

Manage grazing practices and stocking rates.

Protect from chemical spray drift.

Identify appropriate intensity and interval of fire to promote vegetation regeneration.

Fires that occur too early or too frequently impact on the diverse ground layer, simplifying the structure.

Absence of fire is detrimental and leads to vegetation becoming dominated by rainforest species and shrubby species.

Provide maps of known occurrences to local and state Rural Fire Services.

Protect from illegal wildlife harvesting from orchid and butterfly collectors.

Epiphytes on Broad leaf tea-tree trunks including the tea-tree orchid and button orchid are targeted as well as the ant plant which is also cut open in order to take the larvae of the Apollo jewel butterfly.

Avoid soil disturbance and increased soil fertility.

Manage weeds including snakeweed, rat’s tail, sensitive weed (Mimosa pudica), urena burr, Chinese burr, spiny sida, thatch grass, Guinea grass and Sida rhombifolia.

Avoid adverse impacts from chemicals or other mechanisms to manage weeds.

Control exotic pests (such as goats, pigs and feral horses).

Manage the coastal brown ant, which is displacing native ants, particularly the native golden ant that plays a vital role in survival of the ant plant and the Apollo jewel butterfly.

Develop and implement suitable hygiene protocols to protect sites from potential outbreaks of myrtle rust (Uredo rangelii).

57.6%Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityMelaleuca quinquenervia; Melaleuca viridiflora; Melaleuca leucadendra; Melaleuca bracteata; Eucalyptus bancroftii; Eucalyptus latisinensis; Melastoma affine; Banksia robur; Baccharis halimifolia; Pteridium esculentum; Blechnum indicum; Schoenus brevifolius; Fimbristylis ferruginea; tussock grass; fern; sedge.

Change in extent

Pres

ent d

ay

Pre-

1750

4.8%

2.8%


Notes

ALC

100.

0915