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Conservation Management Zones of AustraliaSouth Australian Eucalypt Woodlands

Prepared by the Department of the Environment

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This project and associated products are the result of collaboration between the Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of the Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE, Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (ABARES), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.

Special thanks to CSIRO staff Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns enabled identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.

© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.

The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.

For licence conditions see here.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/

ContentsAcknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country.................................................................4

Introduction....................................................................................................................................4

Zone at a glance............................................................................................................................5

Population characteristics............................................................................................................10

Employment, volunteering and incomes......................................................................................15

Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice...................18

Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas..............................................21

Zone vegetation characteristics...................................................................................................23

Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands................................................................................24

World and National Heritage.......................................................................................................25

Major National Reserve System properties.................................................................................25

EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities.................................................................26

EPBC Act (1999) threatened species..........................................................................................27

EPBC Act (1999) migratory species............................................................................................30

Threatened endemic species......................................................................................................31

Invasive species..........................................................................................................................34

Vegetation profiles and management recommendations...........................................................37

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and CountryThe Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.

Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.

The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.

They also provide a framework within which the Australian Government can harness on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.

The Conservation Management Zones are not intended to drive any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across borders, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.

Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.

The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. We hope that, in future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.

Zone at a glance

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

CITIES AND PERI-URBAN AREAS POPULATION

Adelaide 1,277,174

Crafers-Bridgewater 14,621

Gawler 22,652

Mount Barker 14,463

Victor Harbour-Goolwa 15,499

TOWNS POPULATION

Angaston 1,934

Angle Vale 2,362

Balhannah 1,594

Hahndorf 2,100

Kingscote 1,761

TOWNS POPULATION

Lobethal 1,956

Lyndoch 1,616

McLaren Flat / Vale 4,071

Nairne 4,205

Nurioopta 5,217

Strathalbyn 5,297

Tanunda 4,211

Williamstown 1,889

Wilunga 2,039

Woodside 1,839

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (NRM) REGIONSNatural Resources Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges SA

Natural Resources Kangaroo Island SA

Natural Resources SA Murray Darling Basin SA

TOP FIVE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES VALUE (MILLIONS)

Fruit $197

Dairy $55

Lamb $47

Vegetables for consumption $45

Beef $44

Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here) $559

CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS*Mean annual temperature 14.3 Celsius

Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 25.0 Celsius

Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 6.1 Celsius

Mean Annual Rainfall 641.8 mm

Dominant rainfall season Winter

* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).

For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/


http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/

Native Title area Although there have been no Native Title Determinations finalised within this Conservation Management Zone, it continues to represent important Indigenous heritage values and places that are of deep significance to Indigenous persons and their practices, observations, customs, beliefs and history.

Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).

Population characteristics

Population


LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOMEEnglish 82.87%

Other languages 13.35%

Not stated 3.65%

Education

Employment, volunteering and incomes

Employment

Volunteering

Income


Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM adviceAustralian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.

Agricultural commodity values


Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0

** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.

^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice.

For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-

Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/

INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS

South Australian Native Title Services: http://www.nativetitlesa.org

INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS

Although there have been no Native Title Determinations finalised within this Conservation Management Zone, it continues to represent important Indigenous heritage values and places that are of deep significance to Indigenous persons and their practices, observations, customs, beliefs and history.

Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013. For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREASAlexandrina Council SA

The Dc Of Mallala SA

The City Of Norwood Payneham And St Peters SA

City Of Marion SA

City Of Victor Harbor SA

Kangaroo Island Council SA

Adelaide City Council SA

Campbelltown City Council SA

Light Regional Council SA

The Regional Council Of Goyder SA

Mid Murray Council SA

City Of Prospect SA

City Of Burnside SA

The Barossa Council SA

City Of Tea Tree Gully SA

City Of Charles Sturt SA

City Of Salisbury SA

City Of West Torrens SA

City Of Unley SA

City Of Playford SA

Adelaide Hills Council SA

City Of Holdfast Bay SA

The Corporation Of The Town Of Walkerville SA

City Of Onkaparinga SA

The Dc Of Mount Barker SA

City Of Mitcham SA

City Of Port Adelaide Enfield SA

The Dc Of Yankalilla SA

Town Of Gawler SA

The Rural City Of Murray Bridge SA

http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx

Zone vegetation characteristicsThe National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.

Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.

It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.

Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.

For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system

Ramsar and Nationally Important WetlandsRAMSAR WETLANDS JURISDICTION HECTARESThe Coorong, and Lakes Alexandrina and Albert Wetland SA 134.92

For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS JURISDICTION HECTARES CRITERIA

Ambersun – West Swamp SA 5.68 1, 5

American River Wetland System SA 2,044.56 1, 3, 5, 6

Birchmore Lagoon SA 141.05 3

Busby & Beatrice Islets SA 20.43 3

Cleland Perched Swamps SA 6.36 1, 2, 3, 5

Congeratinga Swamp SA 10.39 1, 5

Cygnet Estuary SA 1,186.03 1, 2, 3, 5

Cygnet River & Duck Lagoon SA 184.07 1, 2, 3

D Estrees Bay SA 125.94 3, 5

Engelbrook Reserve SA 0.13 1

Flinders Chase River Systems SA 42,298.95 1, 2, 3, 5

Gold Diggings Swamp SA 78.13 1, 2

Grassdale Lagoons SA 89.95 1, 3, 5

Illawong Swamp SA 67.54 1, 2, 5

Lake Ada SA 808.50 1, 3

Lashmar Lagoon and Chapman River SA 64.62 3, 5

Maylands Swamp SA 21.00 1

Murray Lagoon SA 1,555.19 3, 5

Onkaparinga Estuary SA 98.51 1, 3, 6

Rush Lagoon SA 118.42 1

Six Mile Lagoon SA 4.88 1

Stipiturus Conservation Park (Glenshera Swamp) SA 31.62 1, 5

The Coorong, Lake Alexandrina & Lake Albert SA 168.10 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Tookayerta & Finniss Catchments SA 236.40 1, 3, 5, 6

Upper Boat Harbour Creek Wetlands SA 128.26 1, 2, 5

Upper Hindmarsh River Catchment SA 5.81 1, 2, 5

Waidrowski Lagoon SA 393.41 1, 3, 5

Washpool Lagoon SA 52.94 1

White Lagoon Wetland System SA 432.96 1, 3, 5

Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:

1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.

2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex.

3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail.

4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.

5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level.

6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.

Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition

World and National HeritageHERITAGE VALUES WORLD OR NATIONAL HERITAGE

TYPEJURISDICTION HECTARES % OF

ZONE

The Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout

National Historic SA 820.55 0.07

South Australian Old and New Parliament Houses

National Historic SA 0.66 0.00

Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

Major National Reserve System propertiesMAJOR NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROPERTIES

Name Property type IUCN category

Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone

Ravine des Casoars Wilderness Protection Area IB SA 41,320 3.71

Flinders Chase National Park II SA 32,590 2.93

Cape Gantheaume Wilderness Protection Area IB SA 20,085 1.80

Seal Bay Conservation Park VI SA 6,182 0.56

Cape Bouguer Wilderness Protection Area IB SA 5,144 0.46

Deep Creek Conservation Park II SA 4,398 0.40

Cape Gantheaume Conservation Park IA SA 4,213 0.38

Western River Wilderness Protection Area IB SA 2,454 0.22

Kelly Hill Conservation Park III SA 2,176 0.20

Dudley Conservation Park IA SA 1,769 0.16

Onkaparinga River National Park II SA 1,544 0.14

Vivonne Bay Conservation Park IA SA 1,538 0.14

Para Wirra Recreation Park III SA 1,506 0.14

Lesueur Conservation Park IA SA 1,364 0.12

Unnamed (No.HA20) Heritage Agreement III SA 1,204 0.11

Lathami Conservation Park IA SA 1,176 0.11


Newland Head Conservation Park III SA 1,109 0.10


Mount Gawler Forest Reserve IV SA 1,044 0.09

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:

Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories classify protected areas according to their management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by many national governments, including the Australian Government, as the global standard for defining and recording protected areas.

Ib Wilderness Area

II National Park

III Natural Monument or Feature

IV Habitat/Species Management Area

V Protected Landscape/ Seascape

VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources

Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.

EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communitiesTHREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES

Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone**

Swamps of the Fleurieu Peninsula Critically Endangered

63.96 0.09

Peppermint Box (Eucalyptus odorata) Grassy Woodland of South Australia

Critically Endangered

7.05 0.78

Iron-grass Natural Temperate Grassland of South Australia


1.81 0.23

Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Grasslands of South-eastern Australia

Endangered 0.1 0.16

* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

EPBC Act (1999) threatened speciesTHREATENED MAMMALS

Common name Scientific name Status % of totaldistribution*

% of zone**

Kangaroo Island Dunnart Sminthopsis aitkeni Endangered 100 39.68

Southern Brown Bandicoot (Eastern) Isoodon obesulus obesulus Endangered 17.41 59.81

Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Endangered n/a n/a

Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Endangered n/a n/a

Australian Sea-lion Neophoca cinerea Vulnerable n/a n/a

Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Vulnerable n/a n/a

THREATENED BIRDS


% of zone**

Glossy Black-Cockatoo (Kangaroo Island), Glossy Black-Cockatoo (South Australian)

Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus

Endangered 99.99 3.30

Spotted Quail-thrush (Mt Lofty Ranges) Cinclosoma punctatumanachoreta


98.77 5.05

Chestnut-rumped Heathwren (Mt Lofty Ranges) Hylacola pyrrhopygia parkeri Endangered 98.74 1.94

Southern Emu-wren (Fleurieu Peninsula), Mount Lofty Southern Emu-wren

Stipiturus malachurusintermedius


Western Whipbird (eastern) Psophodes nigrogularisleucogaster

Vulnerable 3.11 5.99

Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis Vulnerable 2.7 13.98

Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 1.74 57.93

Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 0.26 4.60

Orange-bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogaster Critically Endangered

0.11 0.62

Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata Vulnerable 0.03 2.50

Red-lored Whistler Pachycephala rufogularis Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Slender-billed Thornbill (western) Acanthiza iredalei iredalei Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Endangered 0.01 0.15

Tristan Albatross Diomedea exulans exulans Endangered n/a n/a

Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Endangered n/a n/a

Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora sanfordi Endangered n/a n/a

Soft-plumaged Petrel Pterodroma mollis Vulnerable n/a n/a

Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Vulnerable n/a n/a

Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans antipodensis Vulnerable n/a n/a

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Vulnerable n/a n/a

Campbell Albatross Thalassarche melanophris impavida

Vulnerable n/a n/a

Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea Vulnerable n/a n/a

THREATENED BIRDS

Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophoraepomophora

Vulnerable n/a n/a

Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable n/a n/a

Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta cauta Vulnerable n/a n/a

White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi Vulnerable n/a n/a

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.

The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

THREATENED REPTILES

Common Name Scientific name Status % of totaldistribution*

% of zone**

Flinders Ranges Worm-lizard Aprasia pseudopulchella Vulnerable 2.22 3.69

Pygmy Blue-tongue Lizard, Adelaide Blue-tongue Lizard

Tiliqua adelaidensis Endangered 1.29 0.30

Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered n/a n/a

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Endangered n/a n/a

Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Vulnerable n/a n/a

OTHER THREATENED FAUNA


% of zone**

Murray Hardyhead Craterocephalus fluviatilis Endangered 1.71 1.81

Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Frog, Green and Golden Frog, Warty Swamp Frog

Litoria raniformis Vulnerable 0.64 12.58

Murray Cod Maccullochella peelii Vulnerable May be present

May be present

School Shark, Eastern School Shark, Snapper Shark, Tope, Soupfin Shark

Galeorhinus galeus Conservation Dependent

n/a n/a

Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii Conservation Dependent

n/a n/a

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Vulnerable n/a n/a


** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

THREATENED FLORA

Common Name Scientific name Status % of totaldistribution*

% of zone**

Stiff White Spider-orchid Caladenia rigida Endangered 100 2.48

Small-flowered Daisy-bush Olearia microdisca Endangered 100 2.45

THREATENED FLORA

Mount Compass Swamp Gum, Fleurieu Swamp Gum, Marsh Gum

Eucalyptus paludicola Endangered 100 0.57

Mount Compass Oak-bush Allocasuarina robusta Endangered 100 0.46

Pink-lipped Spider-orchid Caladenia behrii Endangered 100 7.58

None Leionema equestre Endangered 100 1.53

Kangaroo Island Turpentine Bush Beyeria subtecta Vulnerable 100 0.99

Yellow Bush-pea, Splendid Bush-pea Pultenaea villifera var. glabrescens

Vulnerable 100 1.90

Twining Finger Flower Cheiranthera volubilis Vulnerable 100 22.36

Butterfly Spyridium Spyridium coactilifolium Vulnerable 100 0.73

None Logania insularis Vulnerable 99.99 0.09

MacGillivray Spyridium Spyridium eriocephalum var. glabrisepalum


Plum Leek-orchid Prasophyllum pruinosum Endangered 99.92 5.38

Kangaroo Island Spider-orchid Caladenia ovata Vulnerable 99.92 6.18

None Correa calycina Vulnerable 99.9 1.15

Finniss Helmet-orchid Corybas sp. Finniss (R.Bates 28794)


Finniss Helmet-orchid Corybas dentatus Vulnerable 99.42 0.30

Kangaroo Island Pomaderris Pomaderris halmaturina subsp. halmaturina


White-beauty Spider-orchid Caladenia argocalla Endangered 80.46 27.43

Osborn’s Eyebright Euphrasia collina subsp. osbornii


Ironstone Mulla Mulla Ptilotus beckerianus Vulnerable 57.45 23.87

Monarto Mintbush Prostanthera eurybioides Endangered 41.1 0.47

Pale Leek-orchid Prasophyllum pallidum Vulnerable 28.97 30.38

Silver Daisy-bush Olearia pannosa subsp. pannosa


Bayonet Spider-orchid, Clubbed Spider-orchid Caladenia gladiolata Endangered 20.68 2.48

Menzel’s Wattle Acacia menzelii Vulnerable 14.47 12.50

Leafy Greenhood Pterostylis cucullata Vulnerable 12.49 12.91

Neat Wattle, Resin Wattle (SA) Acacia rhetinocarpa Vulnerable 12.35 4.75

Spiral Sun-orchid Thelymitra matthewsii Vulnerable 10.56 2.52

Greencomb Spider-orchid, Rigid Spider-orchid Caladenia tensa Endangered 4.84 46.17

Peep Hill Hop-bush Dodonaea subglandulifera Endangered 4.14 0.72

Metallic Sun-orchid Thelymitra epipactoides Endangered 3.79 20.59

Maroon Leek-orchid, Slaty Leek-orchid, Stout Leek-orchid, French’s Leek-orchid, Swamp Leek-orchid

Prasophyllum frenchii Endangered 3.47 12.13

Clover Glycine, Purple Clover Glycine latrobeana Vulnerable 3.29 33.49


** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.

Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

EPBC Act (1999) migratory speciesMIGRATORY BIRDS

Common name Scientific name

Antipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensis

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica

Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris

Campbell Albatross Thalassarche impavida

Caspian Tern Sterna caspia

Cattle Egret Ardea ibis

Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea

Double-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctus

Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis

Flesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater

Puffinus carneipes

Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus

Great EgretWhite Egret

Ardea alba

Greater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii

Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes

Latham’s Snipe, Japanese Snipe

Gallinago hardwickii

Little Tern Sterna albifrons

Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli

Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea sanfordi

Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva

Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis(sensu lato)

Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus

Red Knot, Knot Calidris canutus

Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres

Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons

Sanderling Calidris alba

http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

MIGRATORY BIRDS

Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca

Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata

Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris

Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)

Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus

Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)

Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans(sensu lato)

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

White-belliedSea-Eagle

Haliaeetus leucogaster

White-cappedAlbatross

Thalassarche steadi

White-throatedNeedletail

Hirundapus caudacutus

OTHER MIGRATORY SPECIES

Common name Scientific name

Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus

Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni

Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias

Green Turtle Chelonia mydas

Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae

Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea

Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta

Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus

Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata

Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis

For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species

Threatened endemic speciesTHREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES

Taxonomic group

Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status

Birds Pterodroma incerta Recorded in reserves n/a Endangered

Mammals Sminthopsis aitkeni Recorded in reserves Endangered Critically Endangered

Molluscs Cupedora tomsetti Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened

Plants Caladenia ovata Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

THREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES

Plants Corybas dentatus Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Pterostylis bryophila Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered n/a

Plants Pterostylis sp. hale Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Olearia microdisca Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Hibbertia tenuis Not recorded in reserves

Critically Endangered n/a

Plants Beyeria subtecta Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Eucalyptus paludicola Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Correa eburnea Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Leionema equestre Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Reptiles Austrelaps labialis Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable

Concentrations of unreserved endemic species

The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts.

Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool

Invasive species INVASIVE MAMMALS

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**

House Mouse Mus musculus 0.31 99.99

Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 0.14 99.99

Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 1 99.99

Goat Capra hircus 0.5 96.39

Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 4.4 75.17

Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 0.11 60.31

Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 0.12 60.31

Brown Hare Lepus capensis 0.68 60.31

Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 0.26 57.88

Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 0.37 56.43

Pig Sus scrofa 0.18 55.87

OTHER INVASIVE FAUNA


Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 0.44 99.99

Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 0.52 99.99

Skylark Alauda arvensis 1.72 99.99

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 1.57 99.99

Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 1.34 99.99

European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 1.24 99.99

Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 1.22 99.99

House Sparrow Passer domesticus 0.38 99.99

European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris 4.24 75.17

Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus 5.84 41.78

Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 63.05 39.68

Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus 62.55 39.68

Indian Peafowl, Peacock Pavo cristatus 61.5 39.68

Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 0.35 16.19

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

INVASIVE FLORA


Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera

3.5 99.99

Gorse, Furze Ulex europaeus 2.79 99.99

INVASIVE FLORA

Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow

Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x calodendron & S.x reichardtii

1.69 99.99

Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus

Asparagus asparagoides 1.36 99.99

Blackberry, European Blackberry Rubus fruticosus aggregate 1.34 99.99

Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk, Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarisk, Flowering Cypress, Salt Cedar

Tamarix aphylla 1.42 89.78

Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 2.46 83.80

Chilean Needle grass Nassella neesiana 3.53 83.22

Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common Broom, Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom

Cytisus scoparius 3.75 80.29

African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 1.35 63.62

Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine, Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine

Anredera cordifolia 7.02 58.74

Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom, Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom

Genista monspessulana 4.26 57.05

Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato Weed, White Nightshade, Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple, Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo

Solanum elaeagnifolium 4.15 55.72

Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead Sagittaria platyphylla 6.18 46.87

Prickly Pears Cylindropuntia spp. 7.1 40.07

Pond Apple, Pond-apple Tree, Alligator Apple, Bullock’s Heart, Cherimoya, Monkey Apple, Bobwood, Corkwood

Annona glabra 12.88 39.68

Bitou Bush Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata

6.58 39.68

Alligator Weed Alternanthera philoxeroides 5.75 39.68

Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily Eichhornia crassipes 4.7 39.68

Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish Grass, Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina Fanwort, Common Cabomba

Cabomba caroliniana 4.62 39.68

Mimosa, Giant Mimosa, Giant Sensitive Plant, ThornySensitive Plant, Black Mimosa, Catclaw Mimosa, Bashful Plant

Mimosa pigra 4.5 39.68

Hymenachne, Olive Hymenachne, Water Stargrass, West Indian Grass, West Indian Marsh Grass

Hymenachne amplexicaulis 1.96 39.68

Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss, Kariba Weed

Salvinia molesta 1.45 39.68

Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage

Lantana camara 0.94 39.68

Parthenium Weed, Bitter Weed, Carrot Grass, False Ragweed

Parthenium hysterophorus 0.74 39.68

Mesquite, Algaroba Prosopis spp. 0.74 39.68

Rubber Vine, Rubbervine, India Rubber Vine, India Cryptostegia grandiflora 0.65 39.68

INVASIVE FLORA

Rubbervine, Palay Rubbervine, Purple Allamanda

Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Jelly Bean Tree, Horse Bean

Parkinsonia aculeata 0.28 39.68

Olive, Common Olive Olea europaea 22.53 26.99

Broom Genista sp. X Genista monspessulana

22.53 26.99

Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Insignis Pine, Wilding Pine

Pinus radiata 26.68 26.99

Bitou Bush, Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera 4.23 26.99

Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus scandens 8.27 14.31

Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Broom, Flax Broom

Genista linifolia 3 11.02

Bridal Veil, Bridal Veil Creeper, Pale Berry Asparagus Fern, Asparagus Fern, South African Creeper

Asparagus declinatus 19.77 10.21

Climbing Asparagus-fern Asparagus plumosus 3.43 10.02

Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus Protasparagus plumosus 3.43 10.02

Prickly Pears Austrocylindropuntia spp. 5.87 6.51

Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern, Sprengi’s Fern, Bushy Asparagus, Emerald Asparagus

Asparagus aethiopicus 1.27 3.54

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.

For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

Vegetation profiles and management recommendations

Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.

The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.

Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile

1.57% RemainingEucalyptus camaldulensis; Eucalyptus odorata; Eucalyptus fasciculosa; Eucalyptus leucoxylon; Callitris gracilis; Olearia ramulosa; Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. Cygnetensis; Eucalyptus dalrympleana; Briza maxima; Avena barbata; Medicago sp; Bromus rubens; Avena barbata; tussock grass; forb.

Management recommendationsPROTECTION SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURALPRACTICE

REHABILITATION FIREMANAGEMENT

WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT

FERALANIMALMANAGEMENT

DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Retain and replant native vegetation to protect against dryland salinity. Purchase high quality remnants into reservation.Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.Protect from infrastructure and development activities.Ban firewood and

Exclude stock during spring and early summer when understorey may be flowering. Do not continuous set stock. 3 days on; 28 days rest is appropriate. Manage total grazing pressure (including from ferals and kangaroos). Maintain a minimum sward height of 5cm at

Fence off remnants to allow natural regeneration. If natural regeneration doesn’t occur, plant tube stock from locally sourced seed.Use hand broadcast, brush mulching, niche seeding, node seeding, direct drill and hand planting to reestablish

Small scale mosaic burning may be appropriate, and assist with weed removal, but seek advice from local NRM organisation and SA Country Fire Service prior to proceeding.

Monitor and manage native herbivore populations. Add coarse woody debris to provide habitat. Recycled timbers are fine, but should be untreated.In remnants with few hollow-bearing trees, provide nesting boxes. Monitor boxes regularly for invasive species.

Monitor and eradicate new weed invasions. Spot spraying, hand pulling and chipping are preferable removal methods. Stagger removal so as to not leave large areas of bare ground as weed cover may be providing habitat for native fauna. Slashing and

PROTECTION SUSTAINABLEAGRICULTURALPRACTICE


WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

bush rock harvesting. Retain fallen timber, leaf litter and standing dead trees.

all times.Avoid cultivation and soil disturbance. Do not apply fertiliser and avoid spray drift from adjacent paddocks.

vegetation strata. Reestablishment of indigenous species is best undertaken following control of exotic plants, fire or after rain in warmer months.

Fencing should not adversely affect native fauna (e.g. no electric fencing as bottom strand, no barbed wire as top strand).

mowing may be appropriate weed control methods, but should be timed to avoid breeding season of ground-dwelling birds.Prevent soil disturbance in and around remnants.Avoid adverse impacts from chemicals or other mechanisms to manage weeds.

Mallee with a dense shrubby understorey vegetation profile

100% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus diversifolia; Eucalyptus remota; Eucalyptus cneorifolia; Eucalyptus rugosa; Eucalyptus albopurpurea; Melaleuca lanceolata; Melaleuca uncinata; Hakea mitchellii; Hakea vittata; Banksia ornata; Banksia marginata; Hakea rostrata; Lasiopetalum schulzenii; Allocasuarina striata; Correa eburnea; Pomaderris obcordata; shrub; sedge.




WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Retain and replant native vegetation to protect against dryland salinity. Close or fence artificial sources of water in conservation reserves as these attract feral species and trampling.Protect, and where possible, fence habitat for Malleefowl.Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.

Exclude stock from remnants to enable recruitment.Create windbreaks with mallee species to reduce the impacts of soil erosion. Reduce tillage in zones around remnants.Avoid creating new access tracks and roads through remnants.

Undertake restoration on sites with few mature overstorey species, or if there is no evidence of natural regeneration.Choose mallee species that occur on similar soils and slope aspect. Match the relative abundance of different species according to intact remnant patches.Manage wildlife corridors between remnant patches. Create buffer zones around remnants by revegetating previously cleared lands with mallee and ground storey species.

Reduce the occurrence of large fires, and use mosaic burning techniques.Ensure mosaic burns are targeted at different age classes of vegetation, to ensure age diversity between, and within, remnant patches. Avoid clearing roadsides for firebreaks. Discourage broad-scale burning for agricultural purposes in areas that harbourMalleefowl.

Monitor and manage native herbivore populations. Erect signs where needed to warn drivers that Malleefowl may be on the road. Minimise grain spillage if transporting through Malleefowl habitat.

Actively manage weeds when undertaking restoration activities as weeds compete for soil moisture with vulnerable native replantings.A 1-metre radius weed-free buffer should be maintained around native woody plant recruits. Use spot control to maintain this. Apply herbicides to actively growing weeds and avoid spray drift. Do not leave large areas of bare ground to avoid wind and water erosion of soils. Retain some weed cover and stagger removal and replacement

Monitor and manage feral goats, foxes, rabbits and hares, especially near habitat for wildlife such as Malleefowl. Control foxes and rabbits/hares simultaneously to avoid foxes to switching to predation on native species, or increased rabbit/hare populations. Monitor for Red-legged earth mites. Populations should be managed with a soil active insecticide.

Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

99.96% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus fasciculosa; Eucalyptus obliqua; Eucalyptus leucoxylon; Eucalyptus cladocalyx; Eucalyptus arenacea; Eucalyptus baxteri; Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. cygnetensis; Callitris gracilis; Amyema miquelii; Acacia pycnantha; Xanthorrhoea semiplana; Lepidosperma semiteres; Leptospermum myrsinoides; Banksia marginata; Astroloma humifusum; Platylobium obtusangulum; forb; shrub; sedge; tussock grass.




WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Retain and replant native vegetation to protect against dryland salinity. Purchase high quality remnants into reservation.Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.Ban firewood and bush rock harvesting. Retain fallen timber, leaf litter and standing dead trees.

Exclude stock during spring and early summer when understorey may be flowering. If possible, exclude stock altogether from remnants that are being rehabilitated.Avoid fertiliser drift from adjacent crops and pastures.

Increase connectivity between remnants. Fence off remnants to allow natural regeneration. If no natural recruitment occurs, inplant with tube stock from locally sourced seed.Use hand broadcast, brush mulching, niche seeding, node seeding, direct drill and hand planting to reestablish vegetation strata. Reestablishment of indigenous species is best undertaken following control of exotic plants, fire or after rain in warmer months.

Small scale mosaic burning may be appropriate, and assist with weed removal, but seek advice from local NRM organisation and SA Country Fire Service prior to proceeding.

Manage over-populations of native herbivore

populations.Fencing should not adversely affect native fauna

(e.g. no electric fencing as bottom strand, no barbed wire on top strand).Add coarse woody debris to provide habitat (note, recycled timbers are fine, but should be untreated).In remnants with few or no mature trees with tree hollows, provide nesting boxes. Monitor boxes regularly forinvasive species.

Spot spraying, hand pulling and chipping are preferable removal methods. Stagger weed removal so as to not leave large areas of bare ground, as weed cover may be providing habitat for native fauna.

Mallee with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile

0.03% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus albopurpurea; Eucalyptus diversifolia ssp. Diversifolia; Eucalyptus cneorifolia; Gramineae sp.; tussock grass.




WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Retain and replant native vegetation to protect against dryland salinity. Close or fence artificial sources of water in conservation reserves as these may attract feral species and trampling.Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.

Exclude stock from remnants to enable natural regeneration.Create windbreaks with mallee species to reduce the impacts of soil erosion. Reduce tillage in zones around remnants.Avoid creating new access tracks and roads through remnants.

Undertake restoration on sites with few mature overstorey species, or if there is no evidence of natural regeneration.Choose mallee species that occur on similar soils and slope aspect. Match the relative abundance of different species according to intact remnant patches.Manage wildlife corridors between remnant patches. Create buffer zones around remnants by revegetating previously cleared lands with mallee and ground storey species.

Reduce the occurrence of large fires, and use mosaic burning techniques.Ensure mosaic burns are targeted at different age classes of vegetation, to ensure age diversity between and within remnant patches. Discourage broad-scale burning for agricultural purposes in areas that harbour Malleefowl.Avoid clearing roadsides for firebreaks.

Protect, and where appropriate, fence important wildlife habitat, including for Malleefowl.Minimise grain spillage if transporting grain through Malleefowl habitat.Erect signs where needed to warn drivers that Malleefowl may be on the road.Monitor and manage native herbivore populations.

Actively manage weeds when undertaking restoration activities to ensure weeds do not compete for soil moisture with vulnerable native replantings.A 1-metre radius weed free buffer should be maintained around native woody plants. Use spot control to maintain this. Apply herbicides to actively growing weeds and avoid spray drift. Do not leave areas of bare ground to avoid wind and water erosion of soils. Retain some weed cover and stagger removal and replacement

Monitor and manage feral goats, foxes, rabbits and hares, especially near habitat for wildlife such as Malleefowl. Control foxes and rabbits / hares simultaneously to avoid foxes to switching to predation on native species, or increased rabbit/harepopulations. Monitor for Red-legged earth mites. Populations should be managedwith a soil activeinsecticide.

Sedgelands, rushs or reeds vegetation profile

99.69% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus camaldulensis var.; Lepidosperma longitudinale; Lepidosperma concavum; Phragmites australis; Lomandra effusa; Typha domingensis; Gahnia trifida; Austrostipa sp.; Austrodanthonia caespitosa; Juncus sarophorus; Juncus kraussii; Cyperus gymnocaulos; Schoenoplectus validus; Gahnia filum; Aster subulatus; sedge; other grass; forb.




WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Minimise clearing and other disturbances in the wider catchment area.Minimise disruptions to the local landscape e.g. smoothing out depressions or creating banks/levees that divert or store water.Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land, and purchase remnants into reservation.Monitor and manage changes to water flow and water quality including sedimentation, pollution and changes to water tables.Create buffer zones of native

Manage grazing regimes including duration and density. Leave significant rest periods between grazing. Avoid grazing when soils are too wet or soft (trampling causes erosion of soil structure).Avoid grazing when plants are drought stressed.Exclude stock from important sites.Avoid herbicide and fertiliser application.

Increase connectivity between remnants. Ensure that any revegetation is undertaken in an appropriate manner (e.g. with no significant detrimental impacts on local hydrology or threatened species).

Avoid adverse impacts from chemicals or other mechanisms to manage weeds.

Maintain strict hygiene protocols to avoid spreading

Phytophthora (dieback) by vehicle tyres, earthmoving machinery and boots.Manage public access to control the spread of dieback.