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Conservation Management Zones of AustraliaEastern Australia Tropical Forests and Woodlands

Prepared by the Department of the Environment

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This project and associated products are the result of a collaboration between the Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of the Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE, Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (ABARES), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.

Special thanks to CSIRO staff Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns enabled identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.

© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.

The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.

For licence conditions see here.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/

ContentsAcknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country.................................................................4

Introduction....................................................................................................................................4

Zone at a glance............................................................................................................................5

Population characteristics............................................................................................................10

Employment, volunteering and incomes......................................................................................15

Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice...................18

Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas..............................................21

Zone vegetation characteristics...................................................................................................23

Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands................................................................................24

World and National Heritage.......................................................................................................26

Major National Reserve System properties.................................................................................26

EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities.................................................................27

EPBC Act (1999) threatened species..........................................................................................28

EPBC Act (1999) migratory species............................................................................................32

Threatened endemic species......................................................................................................35

Invasive species..........................................................................................................................37

Vegetation profiles and management recommendations............................................................40

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and CountryThe Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.

Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.

The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.

The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.

The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.

Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.

The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.

Zone at a glance

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

MAJOR CITIES AND TOWNS POPULATION

Bundaberg 69,805

Gladstone 44,355

Hervey Bay 50,431

Mackay 81,594

Maryborough 21,801

Rockhampton 77,704

Sunshine Coast 285,169

Townsville 171,971

REGIONAL CENTRES POPULATION

Airlie Beach – Cannonvale 7,869

Ayr 8,392

REGIONAL CENTRES POPULATION

Bangara – Innes Park 10,048

Beerwah 4,336

Bongaree-Woorim 17,068

Bowen 8,599

Gympie 17,283

Nambour 16,251

Palmwoods 4,091

Sandstone Point – Ningi 8,038

Yeppoon 15,124

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (NRM) REGIONSSouth East Queensland Catchments QLD

Burnett Mary Regional Group for Natural Resource Management QLD

Fitzroy Basin Association Inc QLD

Reef Catchments QLD

NQ Dry Tropics Inc QLD

TOP FIVE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES VALUE (MILLIONS)

Other broadacre crops (including sugar cane) $593

Vegetables for consumption $425

Beef $233

Fruit $233

Poultry $169

Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here) $1,882

CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS*Mean annual temperature 21.3 Celsius

Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 30.4 Celsius

Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 9.7 Celsius

Mean Annual Rainfall 1083.4 mm

Dominant rainfall season Summer

* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).

For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/

http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/

Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).

Population characteristics

Population

LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOMEEnglish 88.61%

Other languages 5.84%

Not stated 5.39%


Education

Employment, volunteering and incomes

Employment

Volunteering

Income


Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM adviceAustralian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.

Agricultural commodity values


Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0

** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.

^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice.

For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-

http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-

http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-

Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/

INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS

North Queensland Aboriginal Land Council: www.nqlc.com.au

NATIVE TITLE AND TRADITIONAL OWNERSTraditional Owners Registered Native Title Body Corporate Hectares % of zone

The Quandamooka People Quandamooka Yoolooburrabee Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC 20,829 0.25

Juru (Cape Upstart) People Kyburra Munda Yalga Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC 8,572 0.1

The Jinibara People Jinibara People Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC 6,274 0.08

The Quandamooka People Quandamooka Yoolooburrabee Aboriginal Corporation RNTBC 4,506 0.05

Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013.For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREASBanana Shire QLD

Bundaberg Regional QLD

Burdekin Shire QLD

Central Highlands Regional QLD

Charters Towers Regional QLD

Fraser Coast Regional QLD

Gladstone Regional QLD

Gympie Regional QLD

Isaac Regional QLD

Livingstone Shire QLD

Mackay Regional QLD

Moreton Bay Regional QLD

Noosa Shire QLD

North Burnett Regional QLD

Redland City QLD

Rockhampton Regional QLD

Somerset Regional QLD

Sunshine Coast Regional QLD

Townsville City QLD

Whitsunday Regional QLD

Zone vegetation characteristics

The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.

Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.

It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.

Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.

For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system

Ramsar and Nationally Important WetlandsRAMSAR WETLANDS JURISDICTION HECTARESBowling Green Bay QLD 33,913

Great Sandy Strait (including Great Sandy Strait, Tin Can Bay and Tin Can Inlet).

QLD 24,893

Moreton Bay QLD 51,003

Shoalwater and Corio Bays Area (Shoalwater Bay Training Area, in part – Corio Bay)

QLD (Australian Government)

57,249

For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS JURISDICTION HECTARES CRITERIA

Abbot Point – Caley Valley QLD 4,911 1, 2, 3, 5

Barrattas Channels Aggregation QLD 7,118 1, 2, 3, 5

Bowen River: Birralee – Pelican Creek QLD 1,186 1, 2, 3, 5

Bowling Green Bay QLD 30,547 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Bribie Island QLD 9,924 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Broad Sound QLD 106,759 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Broken River, Urannah Creek and Massey Creek Aggregation

QLD 6,046 1, 2, 3, 5

Burdekin-Bowen Junction and Blue Valley Weir Aggregation QLD 3,196 1, 2, 3, 5

Burdekin – Townsville Coastal Aggregation QLD 43,143 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Burdekin Delta QLD 27,341 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Burrum Coast QLD 10,688 1, 2, 3

Bustard Bay Wetlands QLD 10,887 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Colosseum Inlet – Rodds Bay QLD 13,121 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Coolum Creek and Lower Maroochy River QLD 1,872 1, 3, 5, 6

Corio Bay Wetlands QLD 4,890 1, 2, 3, 5

Deepwater Creek QLD 6,441 1, 2, 3, 5

Dismal Swamp – Water Park Creek QLD 11,694 1, 2, 3, 5

Edgecumbe Bay QLD 3,487 1, 3, 5

Eungella Dam QLD 797 1, 2, 3

Fitzroy River Delta QLD 60,919 1, 2, 3, 6

Fitzroy River Floodplain QLD 19,483 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Four Mile Beach QLD 1,888 1, 3

Fraser Island QLD 162,494 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Granite Creek QLD 2,806 1, 2, 3, 5

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park QLD 53,137 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Great Sandy Strait QLD 28,318 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Hedlow Wetlands QLD 11,093 1, 2, 3

NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS JURISDICTION HECTARES CRITERIA

Island Head Creek – Port Clinton Area QLD 17,749 1, 2, 3, 5

Jerona Aggregation QLD 2,371 1, 2, 3, 5

Lake Coombabah QLD 1,821 2, 3, 5

Lake Weyba QLD 2,701 1, 2, 3,5

Lower Mooloolah River QLD 1,410 1, 3, 5

Moreton Bay QLD 33,435 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Noosa River Wetlands QLD 9,909 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

North Stradbroke Island QLD 27,008 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Northeast Curtis Island QLD 7,186 1, 2, 3, 5

Pine River and Hayes Inlet QLD 2,003 1, 2, 3, 6

Port Curtis QLD 14,158 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Proserpine – Goorganga Plain QLD 14,161 1, 2, 3, 5

Pumicestone Passage QLD 2,412 1, 2, 4, 5

Ross River Reservoir QLD 2,784 1, 2, 3

Sand Bay QLD 3,387 1, 2, 3, 5

Sandringham Bay – Bakers Creek Aggregation QLD 3,285 1, 2, 3, 5

Sarina Inlet – Ince Bay Aggregation QLD 13,470 1, 2, 3, 5

Shoalwater Bay QLD 41,304 1, 2, 3, 4

Shoalwater Bay Training Area Overview C QLD 219,841 1, 2, 3, 5

Southern Upstart Bay QLD 10,978 1, 2, 3, 5

St Helens Bay Area QLD 7,146 1, 2, 3, 5

The Narrows QLD 16,396 1, 2, 3, 6

Upper Pumicestone Coastal Plain QLD 2,583 2, 3, 5, 6

Wide Bay Military Training Area C QLD 19,596 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Wongaloo Swamps Aggregation QLD 1,510 1, 2, 3

Yeppoon – Keppel Sands Tidal Wetlands QLD 8,418 1, 3, 5

Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:

1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.

2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex.

3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail.

4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.

5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level.

6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.

Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition

World and National HeritageHERITAGE VALUES WORLD OR NATIONAL HERITAGE

TYPEJURISDICTION HECTARES % OF

ZONEGreat Barrier Reef World and National Natural QLD 195,482 2.38

Fraser Island World and National Natural QLD 166,811 2.03

Glass House Mountains National Landscape

National Natural QLD 1,866 0.02

Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

Major National Reserve System propertiesMAJOR NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROPERTIES

Name Property type IUCN category

Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone

Great Sandy National Park II QLD 223,099 2.72

Eungella National Park II QLD 60,027 0.73

Bowling Green Bay National Park II QLD 57,230 0.70

Kroombit Tops National Park II QLD 33,232 0.40

Bulburin National Park II QLD 32,601 0.40

Bania National Park II QLD 32,531 0.40

Conway National Park II QLD 32,058 0.39

Burrum Coast National Park II QLD 25,899 0.32

Eurimbula National Park II QLD 23,216 0.28

Whitsunday Islands National Park II QLD 17,048 0.21

Wrattens National Park II QLD 17,036 0.21

Moreton Island National Park II QLD 16,610 0.20

Homevale National Park II QLD 15,683 0.19

Byfield National Park II QLD 14,847 0.18

Homevale Resources Reserve VI QLD 13,067 0.16

Dryander National Park II QLD 11,669 0.14

Wongi National Park II QLD 10,995 0.13

Bribie Island National Park II QLD 8,967 0.11

Castle Tower National Park II QLD 8,744 0.11

Cape Upstart National Park II QLD 8,578 0.10

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:

Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories classify protected areas according to their management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by many national governments, including the Australian Government, as the global standard for defining and recording protected areas.

Ib Wilderness Area

II National Park

III Natural Monument or Feature

IV Habitat/Species Management Area

V Protected Landscape/ Seascape

VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources

Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.

EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communitiesTHREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES

Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone**

Broad leaf tea-tree (Melaleuca viridiflora) woodlands in high rainfall coastal north Queensland

Endangered 42.13 1.32

Lowland Rainforest of Subtropical Australia Critically Endangered 29.37 32.42

Littoral Rainforest and Coastal Vine Thickets of Eastern Australia

Critically Endangered 28.76 0.13

Natural Grasslands of the Queensland Central Highlands and the northern Fitzroy Basin


Semi-evergreen vine thickets of the Brigalow Belt (North and South) and Nandewar Bioregions


Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla dominant and co-dominant)


Weeping Myall Woodlands Endangered 0.56 4.64

White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland and Derived Native Grassland

Critically Endangered 0.21 0.60

* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

EPBC Act (1999) threatened speciesTHREATENED MAMMALS

Common name Scientific name Status % of totaldistribution*

% of zone**

Proserpine Rock-wallaby Petrogale persephone Endangered 99.81 0.48

Water Mouse, False Water Rat, Yirrkoo Xeromys myoides Vulnerable 26.61 9.66

Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus Vulnerable 11.38 23.93

Koala (QLD, NSW and QLD) Phascolarctos cinereus Vulnerable 8.16 41.54

Spotted-tailed Quoll or Yarri (Nth QLD) Dasyurus maculatus gracilis Endangered 4.97 0.90

Northern Quoll Dasyurus hallucatus Endangered 3.96 29.35

Spectacled Flying-fox Pteropus conspicillatus Vulnerable 2.66 2.21

Bare-rumped Sheathtail Bat Saccolaimus saccolaimusnudicluniatus

Critically Endangered

2.04 8.17

Greater Large-eared Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus philippinensis Endangered 1.62 0.68

Spot-tailed Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Quoll (SE mainland)

Dasyurus maculatus maculatus Endangered 0.33 0.70

Northern Bettong Bettongia tropica Endangered 0.09 0.01

Semon’s Leaf-nosed Bat, Greater Wart-nosed Horseshoe-bat

Hipposideros semoni Endangered May be present

May be present

Large-eared Pied Bat, Large Pied Bat Chalinolobus dwyeri Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland) Potorous tridactylus tridactylus Vulnerable May be present

May be present

South-eastern Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus corbeni Vulnerable May be present

May be present

New Holland Mouse, Pookila Pseudomys novaehollandiae Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Endangered n/a n/a

Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Vulnerable n/a n/a

Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Endangered n/a n/a

THREATENED BIRDS


% of zone**

Yellow Chat (Dawson) Epthianura crocea macgregori Critically Endangered

100 0.21

Black-breasted Button-quail Turnix melanogaster Vulnerable 26.32 45.17

Black-throated Finch (southern) Poephila cincta cincta Endangered 25.11 19.76

Squatter Pigeon (southern) Geophaps scripta scripta Vulnerable 17.36 75.76

Coxen’s Fig-Parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni Endangered 13.95 0.41

Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus Vulnerable 7.95 99.53

Star Finch Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda Endangered 6.48 32.06

Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 5.76 13.70

THREATENED BIRDS

Eastern Bristlebird Dasyornis brachypterus Endangered 2.97 1.74

Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus 2.32 10.46

Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Endangered 1.51 3.30

Masked Owl (northern) Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli Vulnerable 1.23 5.49

Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia Endangered 1.12 3.25

Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis Vulnerable 0.27 0.19

White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi Vulnerable 0.01 0.64

Southern Cassowary (Australian) Casuarius casuarius johnsonii Endangered 0.01 0.001

Tristan Albatross Diomedea exulans exulans Endangered n/a n/a

Kermadec Petrel (western) Pterodroma neglecta neglecta Vulnerable n/a n/a

Gibson’s Albatross Diomedea exulans gibsoni Vulnerable n/a n/a

Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans antipodensis

Vulnerable n/a n/a

Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche cauta salvini Vulnerable n/a n/a

Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta cauta Vulnerable n/a n/a

Campbell Albatross Thalassarche melanophris impavida

Vulnerable n/a n/a

Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable n/a n/a

White-bellied Storm-Petrel Fregetta grallaria grallaria Vulnerable n/a n/a

Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita Endangered n/a n/a

Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Endangered n/a n/a

Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Vulnerable n/a n/a

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Vulnerable n/a n/a

Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora epomophora

Vulnerable n/a n/a

Herald Petrel Pterodroma heraldica Critically Endangered

n/a n/a

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.

The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

THREATENED REPTILES

Common Name Scientific name Status % of totaldistribution*

% of zone**

Three-toed Snake-tooth Skink Coeranoscincus reticulatus Vulnerable 100 0.04

Mary River Turtle, Mary River Tortoise Elusor macrurus Endangered 93.62 0.65

Nangur Spiny Skink Nangura spinosa Critically Endangered

75.97 0.07

Dunmall’s Snake Furina dunmalli Vulnerable 11.97 1.33

Collared Delma Delma torquata Vulnerable 8.35 1.02

THREATENED REPTILES

Ornamental Snake Denisonia maculata Vulnerable 5.28 4.63

Yakka Skink Egernia rugosa Vulnerable 3.01 2.97

Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea Endangered 0.07 1.69

Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Vulnerable 0.04 1.76

Flatback Turtle Natator depressus Vulnerable 0.04 1.80

Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Vulnerable 0.03 1.80

Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered 0.03 1.77

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Endangered 0.03 1.70

OTHER THREATENED FAUNA


% of zone**

Eungella Day Frog Taudactylus eungellensis Endangered 100 3.62

Kroombit Tinker Frog, Pleione’s Torrent Frog Taudactylus pleione Critically Endangered

99.21 0.25

Honey Blue-eye Pseudomugil mellis Vulnerable 99.01 0.23

Wallum Sedge Frog Litoria olongburensis Vulnerable 82.22 3.44

Oxleyan Pygmy Perch Nannoperca oxleyana Endangered 67.32 0.38

Mary River Cod Maccullochella mariensis Endangered 56.4 1.08

Australian Lungfish, Queensland Lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri Vulnerable 38.6 1.92

Pink Underwing Moth Phyllodes imperialis smithersi Endangered 12.18 0.33

Giant Barred Frog, Southern Barred Frog Mixophyes iteratus Endangered 10.7 1.24

Mitchell’s Rainforest Snail Thersites mitchellae Critically Endangered

1.46 0.01

Lace-eyed Tree Frog, Australian Lacelid Nyctimystes dayi Endangered 0.19 0.04

Fleay’s Frog Mixophyes fleayi Endangered 0.05 0.00

Common Mistfrog Litoria rheocola Endangered May be present

May be present

Green Sawfish, Dindagubba, Narrowsnout Sawfish

Pristis zijsron Vulnerable May be present

May be present

School Shark, Eastern School Shark, Snapper Shark, Tope, Soupfin Shark

Galeorhinus galeus Conservation Dependent

n/a n/a

Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii Conservation Dependent

n/a n/a

Black Rockcod, Black Cod, Saddled Rockcod Epinephelus daemelii Vulnerable n/a n/a

Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Vulnerable n/a n/a

Grey Nurse Shark (east coast population) Carcharias taurus (east coast population)

Critically Endangered

n/a n/a

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Vulnerable n/a n/a

THREATENED FLORA

Common Name Scientific name Status % of total % of

THREATENED FLORA

distribution* zone**

None Alectryon ramiflorus Endangered 100 0.19

Bulberin Nut, Bulburin Nut Tree Macadamia jansenii Endangered 100 0.04

Holly-leaved Graptophyllum, Mt Blackwood Holly

Graptophyllum ilicifolium Vulnerable 100 0.13

Penda, Southern Penda, Luya’s Hardwood Xanthostemon oppositifolius Vulnerable 100 0.77

Velvet Hopbush Dodonaea rupicola Vulnerable 100 0.08

Bacon Wood, Tulip Siris Archidendron lovelliae Vulnerable 100 0.35

None Ozothamnus eriocephalus Vulnerable 100 2.16

Mount Beerwah Mallee Eucalyptus kabiana Vulnerable 100 0.02

None Neoroepera buxifolia Vulnerable 100 0.75

None Medicosma obovata Vulnerable 100 0.12

Key’s Boronia Boronia keysii Vulnerable 100 0.10

None Capparis thozetiana Vulnerable 100 0.61

None Allocasuarina thalassoscopica Endangered 100 0.04

None Fontainea rostrata Vulnerable 100 1.76

Glen Geddes Bloodwood Corymbia xanthope Vulnerable 100 0.92

None Medicosma elliptica Vulnerable 100 0.13

Goodwood Gum Eucalyptus hallii Vulnerable 100 0.91

None Aristida granitica Endangered 100 0.01

None Neisosperma kilneri Vulnerable 100 0.53

Byfield Matchstick Comesperma oblongatum Vulnerable 99.99 0.06

Swamp Daisy, Water Daisy Olearia hygrophila Endangered 99.95 0.05

Swamp Stringybark Eucalyptus conglomerata Endangered 99.91 0.31

Emu Mountain Sheoak Allocasuarina emuina Endangered 99.9 0.29

Three-veined Hakea Hakea trineura Vulnerable 99.85 0.76

Wallum Leek-orchid Prasophyllum wallum Vulnerable 99.73 0.12

None Acacia attenuata Vulnerable 98.83 1.94

None Germainia capitata Vulnerable 98.76 3.71

None Pimelea leptospermoides Vulnerable 98.56 1.03

Wedge-leaf Tuckeroo Cupaniopsis shirleyana Vulnerable 96.8 20.14

None Phaius bernaysii Endangered 95.41 0.32

None Pultenaea setulosa Vulnerable 94.98 0.89

None Omphalea celata Vulnerable 92.53 15.94

Mt Larcom Silk Pod Parsonsia larcomensis Vulnerable 92.42 0.89

None Plectranthus omissus Endangered 85.08 0.28

Veiny Graptophyllum Graptophyllum reticulatum Endangered 84.99 0.22

None Apatophyllum olsenii Vulnerable 80.98 0.24

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.

Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

EPBC Act (1999) migratory speciesMIGRATORY BIRDS

Common name Scientific name

Spectacled Monarch Monarcha trivirgatus

Coxen’s Fig-Parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalmacoxeni

Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons

Black-faced Monarch Monarcha melanopsis

Latham’s Snipe,Japanese Snipe

Gallinago hardwickii

Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca

Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis

White-throatedNeedletail

Hirundapus caudacutus

Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris

White-belliedSea-Eagle

Haliaeetus leucogaster

Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis(sensu lato)

Double-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctus

Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus

Oriental Plover, Oriental Dotterel Charadrius veredus

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover Charadrius mongolus

Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva

Cattle Egret Ardea ibis

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica

Greater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii

Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus

Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes

Red Knot, Knot Calidris canutus

http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

MIGRATORY BIRDS

Sanderling Calidris alba

Black-naped Tern Sterna sumatrana

Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea

Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres

Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa

Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata

Sarus Crane Grus antigone

Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola

Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank Tringa stagnatilis

Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus

Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola

Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos

Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus

Wedge-tailedShearwater

Puffinus pacificus

Great Egret,White Egret

Ardea alba

Flesh-footed Shearwater, Fleshy-footed Shearwater Puffinus carneipes

Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum

White-cappedAlbatross

Thalassarche steadi

Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica

Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus

Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena

Streaked Shearwater Puffinus leucomelas

Streaked Shearwater Calonectris leucomelas

Caspian Tern Sterna caspia

Little Tern Sterna albifrons

Bridled Tern Sterna anaethetus

Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis

Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii

Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris

Chatham Albatross Thalassarche eremita

Antipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensis

Campbell Albatross Thalassarche impavida

Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche salvini

Brown Booby Sula leucogaster

Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus

Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli

MIGRATORY BIRDS

Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans(sensu lato)

Shy Albatross,Tasmanian Shy Albatross

Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)

Gibson’s Albatross Diomedea gibsoni

OTHER MIGRATORY SPECIES

Common name Scientific name

Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus

Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni

Dugong Dugong dugon

Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus

Flatback Turtle Natator depressus

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias

Green Turtle Chelonia mydas

Hawksbill Turtle Eretmochelys imbricata

Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae

Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin Sousa chinensis

Irrawaddy Dolphin Orcaella brevirostris

Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea

Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta

Olive Ridley Turtle, Pacific Ridley Turtle Lepidochelys olivacea

Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus

Salt-water Crocodile, Estuarine Crocodile Crocodylus porosus

Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis

Whale Shark Rhincodon typus

For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species

Threatened endemic speciesTHREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES

Taxonomic group

Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status

Crabs, Yabbies,Isopods and Allies

Euastacus bindal Recorded in reserves n/a CriticallyEndangered

Crabs, Yabbies, Isopods and Allies

Euastacus eungella Recorded in reserves n/a CriticallyEndangered

Crabs, Yabbies,Isopods and Allies

Tenuibranchiurus glypticus Recorded in reserves n/a Endangered

Frogs Cophixalus macdonaldi Recorded in reserves n/a Endangered

Mammals Petrogale persephone Recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered

Molluscs Signepupina coxeni Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened

Molluscs Bentosites macleayi Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened

Molluscs Offachloritis dryanderensis Recorded in reserves n/a Vulnerable

Molluscs Setomedea nudicostata Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened

Plants Acianthus ledwardii Recorded in reserves Extinct n/a

Plants Phaius bernaysii Not recordedin reserves

Endangered n/a

Plants Prasophyllum wallum Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Olearia hygrophila Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Macrozamia lomandroides Recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered

Plants Macrozamia longispina Recorded in reserves n/a Near Threatened

Plants Macrozamia parcifolia Recorded in reserves Vulnerable Vulnerable

Plants Acacia attenuata Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Archidendron lovelliae Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Allocasuarina thalassoscopica Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Omphalea celata Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Neoroepera buxifolia Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Corymbia xanthope Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Xanthostemon oppositifolius Recorded in reserves Vulnerable Endangered

Plants Aristida granitica Not recordedin reserves

Endangered n/a

Plants Macadamia jansenii Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Triunia robusta Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Boronia keysii Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Medicosma obovata Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Zieria bifida Not recordedin reserves

Endangered n/a

Plants Alectryon ramiflorus Recorded in reserves Endangered Endangered

Plants Dodonaea rupicola Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Concentrations of unreserved endemic species

The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts.

Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool

Invasive species INVASIVE MAMMALS

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**

Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 1.06 98.8

Pig Sus scrofa 2.3 98.4

Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 1.26 94.8

Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 1.4 93.7

House Mouse Mus musculus 2.02 87.5

Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 2.26 68.6

Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 3.07 63.7

Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 3.6 48.9

Brown Hare Lepus capensis 3.92 47.5

Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 5.92 13.7

Feral deer species in Australia Feral deer 2.77 12.9

Horse Equus caballus 0.69 12.4

Goat Capra hircus 0.25 6.6

OTHER INVASIVE FAUNA


Cane Toad Rhinella marina 4.2 98.8

House Sparrow Passer domesticus 2.55 91.9

Nutmeg Mannikin Lonchura punctulata 25.23 81.7

Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 2.5 77.6

Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 7.11 72.2

Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 2.29 60.3

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 4.68 40.4

Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 5.54 34.9

Asian House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus 10.4 28.5

European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 0.56 6.1

Mourning Gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris 20.76 4.7

Flowerpot Blind Snake, Brahminy Blind Snake, Cacing Besi

Ramphotyphlops braminus 3.79 2.6

Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 0.2 2.2

Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus 1.94 1.9

Red Junglefowl, Domestic Fowl Gallus gallus 4.04 0.02

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

INVASIVE FLORA


INVASIVE FLORA

Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage

Lantana camara 16.69 99.14

Parthenium Weed, Bitter Weed, Carrot Grass, False Ragweed

Parthenium hysterophorus 12.46 93.24

Rubber Vine, Rubbervine, India Rubber Vine, India Rubbervine, Palay Rubbervine, Purple Allamanda

Cryptostegia grandiflora 10.2 84.53

Hymenachne, Olive Hymenachne, Water Stargrass, West Indian Grass, West Indian Marsh Grass

Hymenachne amplexicaulis 25.89 71.19

Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss, Kariba Weed

Salvinia molesta 18.77 70.88

Cotton-leaved Physic-Nut, Bellyache Bush, Cotton-leaf Physic Nut, Cotton-leaf Jatropha, Black Physic Nut

Jatropha gossypifolia 8.3 40.53

Parkinsonia, Jerusalem Thorn, Jelly Bean Tree, Horse Bean

Parkinsonia aculeata 2.08 40.18

Bitou Bush, Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera

5.74 39.47

Prickly Acacia, Blackthorn, Prickly Mimosa, Black Piquant, Babul

Vachellia nilotica 5.4 36.72

Prickly Acacia Acacia nilotica subsp. indica 2.53 35.47

Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 4.27 19.77

Cabomba, Fanwort, Carolina Watershield, Fish Grass, Washington Grass, Watershield, Carolina Fanwort, Common Cabomba

Cabomba caroliniana 15.46 19.31

Cat’s Claw Vine, Yellow Trumpet Vine, Cat’s Claw Creeper, Funnel Creeper

Dolichandra unguis-cati 27.08 18.74

Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily Eichhornia crassipes 11.64 13.33

Bitou Bush Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata

15.86 12.97

Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine, Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine

Anredera cordifolia 11.36 12.90

Mesquite, Algaroba Prosopis spp. 1.6 11.77

Climbing Asparagus-fern Asparagus plumosus 18.88 7.48

Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus Protasparagus plumosus 18.88 7.48

Pond Apple, Pond-apple Tree, Alligator Apple, Bullock’s Heart, Cherimoya, Monkey Apple, Bobwood, Corkwood

Annona glabra 17.12 7.34

Fireweed, Madagascar Ragwort, Madagascar Groundsel

Senecio madagascariensis 3.96 7.08

Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow

Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x calodendron & S.x reichardtii

0.76 6.08

Blackberry, European Blackberry Rubus fruticosus aggregate 0.56 5.68

Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead Sagittaria platyphylla 4.1 4.22

Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern, Sprengi’s Fern, Bushy Asparagus,

Asparagus aethiopicus 11.04 4.16

INVASIVE FLORA

Emerald Asparagus

Climbing Asparagus, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus africanus 26.66 4.02

Alligator Weed Alternanthera philoxeroides 3.62 3.55

Mimosa, Giant Mimosa, Giant Sensitive Plant, ThornySensitive Plant, Black Mimosa, Catclaw Mimosa, Bashful Plant

Mimosa pigra 2.58 3.08

Gamba Grass Andropogon gayanus 2.25 2.54

African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 0.07 0.46

Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus

Asparagus asparagoides 0.04 0.39

Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato Weed, White Nightshade, Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple, Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo

Solanum elaeagnifolium 0.06 0.11

Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus scandens 0.26 0.06

Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass Cenchrus ciliaris 0 0.05

Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Insignis Pine, Wilding Pine

Pinus radiata 0.01 0.04

Broom Genista sp. X Genista monspessulana

0.01 0.04

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.

For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

Vegetation profiles and management recommendations

Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.

The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.

Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile

61.18% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus platyphylla; Eucalyptus drepanophylla; Eucalyptus crebra; Corymbia clarksoniana; Eucalyptus melanophloia; Corymbia citriodora; Corymbia tessellaris; Corymbia dallachiana; Acacia flavescens; Melaleuca viridiflora; Heteropogon triticeus; Mnesithea rottboellioides; Themeda triandra; tussock grass.

Management recommendationsPROTECTION SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURALPRACTICE

REHABILITATION FIREMANAGEMENT

WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT

FERALANIMALMANAGEMENT

DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Purchase high quality remnants into reservation and encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.Maintain buffers of native vegetation around remnants.Prevent

Limit and exclude grazing during drought or when native ground cover is in flower or seed.Maintain 80% groundcover; 10cm sward height minimum at all times.Fence outside canopy dripline of paddock trees to allow

Do not plant trees/shrubs into good condition sites, which should be capable of natural regeneration. Planting disturbs compositional balance and natural succession patterns.Plant native, indigenous species only if the site shows no signs of natural

Maintain and protect paddock trees, as they provide linkages within the landscape for wildlife. If few mature trees with hollows are present, provide both bird and arboreal mammal nesting boxes. Monitor

Mow/slash sporadically and in a mosaic pattern after native understorey has set seed.Hand pulling, spot spraying and weed wiping are appropriate weed control measures. Prevent weed introduction through adopting good hygiene measures and minimising soil disturbance.

PROTECTION SUSTAINABLEAGRICULTURALPRACTICE


WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

firewood collection and bush rock removal.Retain standing dead trees and fallen timber.

regeneration. Avoid cultivation, ripping, excavation, and herbicide and pesticide application in, or near, remnants. Avoid soil compaction from vehicles/machineryor stock camps.

regeneration. Plant trees and shrubs at the same density evident in local, good quality grassy woodland sites.Use high quality seed, of local provenance if possible.Don’t allow the remnant to become overly shrubby.

these regularly for pest species.If fallen timber has been removed from remnant sites, add coarse woody debris (e.g. recycled untreated timbers) to provide habitat.Monitor and manage densities of Eastern Grey Kangaroos.

Don’t stockpile topsoil within remnant areas.

Eucalyptus open forests with a grassy understorey vegetation profile

56.01% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityCorymbia citriodora; Corymbia intermedia; Eucalyptus pilularis; Eucalyptus tereticornis; Eucalyptus crebra; Acacia aulacocarpa; Lophostemon confertus; Jacksonia scoparia; Imperata cylindrica; Enteropogon unispiceus; Themeda triandra; Bothriochloa decipiens; tussock grass.




WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Protect remnants from clearing. Protect hollow-bearing trees.Protect standing dead trees and fallen timber.

Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

71.96% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus siderophloia; Eucalyptus crebra; Eucalyptus portuensis; Lophostemon confertus; Corymbia tessellaris; Corymbia intermedia; Eucalyptus tereticornis; Eucalyptus racemosa; Eucalyptus propinqua; Eucalyptus microcorys; Allocasuarina torulosa; Acacia aulacocarpa; Alphitonia excelsa; Maytenus silvestris; Themeda triandra; Imperata cylindrica; Lepidosperma laterale; tussock grass; sedge.




WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Protect remnants from clearing. Protect hollow-bearing trees.Protect standing dead trees and fallen timber.

Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey

58.54% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityEucalyptus drepanophylla; Eucalyptus crebra; Corymbia tessellaris; Eucalyptus racemosa; Eucalyptus moluccana; Eucalyptus latisinensis; Corymbia gummifera; Melaleuca viridiflora; Allocasuarina torulosa; Acacia leiocalyx; Banksia integrifolia; Daviesia umbellulata; Banksia robur; Micromyrtus littoralis; Themeda triandra; heath shrub; cycad; grass-tree; tussock grass.




WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land.Protect from firewood harvesting. Protect paddock trees.

Manage grazing practices, including avoiding high-intensity set stocking. Avoid fertiliser drift from adjacent crops and pastures.

Allow natural regeneration through fencing and stock exclusion.Replant where appropriate, using locally-sourced seed.

Tropical or sub-tropical rainforest vegetation profile

67.62% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityArgyrodendron polyandrum; Araucaria cunninghamii; Croton arnhemicus; Terminalia sericocarpa; Waterhousea floribunda; Paraserianthes toona; Cryptocarya hypospodia; Alyxia ruscifolia; Eugenia reinwardtiana; Cryptocarya triplinervis; Diospyros geminata; Cryptocarya laevigata; Cleistanthus cunninghamii; Carissa ovata; Asplenium attenuatum; Gahnia aspera; tree; fern; vine.




WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants. Create buffer zones around remnants near development and agricultural areas. Fence off remnants adjacent to residential areas and limit access for vehicles and pets.Protect fallen timber, paddock trees and large trees.Purchase important areas that link patches into reservation.

Ensure that livestock are excluded from remnants, through exclusion fencing or other barriers.Manage any adverse effects on groundwater and altered fire potential due to nearby eucalypt plantations.

Increase connectivity between remnants.Patches of the Lowland Rainforest ecological community should be considered a priority for conservation funding.Plant local indigenous rainforest species, especially key canopy tree species.

Exclude fire. Discourage the use of fire as a means to control lantana or other weeds in or near to rainforest remnants.Ensure that managed fires and, where possible, wildfires do not enter buffer zones around remnants.

Implement staged removal of camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora).Avoid clearing camphor laurel using heavy machinery.Manage weeds.Monitor for early weed detection and eradication.

Melaleuca open forests and woodlands vegetation profile

57.6% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityMelaleuca quinquenervia; Melaleuca viridiflora; Melaleuca leucadendra; Melaleuca bracteata; Eucalyptus bancroftii; Eucalyptus latisinensis; Melastoma affine; Banksia robur; Baccharis halimifolia; Pteridium esculentum; Blechnum indicum; Schoenus brevifolius; Fimbristylis ferruginea; tussock grass; fern; sedge.




WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Maintain a 40 metre minimum buffer zone around remnants zone around vegetation. Purchase remnants of Broad leaf tea-tree (Melaleuca viridiflora) woodlands into reservation. Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants. Monitor and protect from run-off, salinity and pollution. Protect from small-scale clearing and fragmentation of remnants.

Do not place artificial watering or feeding points within remnantsManage forestry practices (especially pine) to minimise potential invasion of remnants from neighbouring plantations.Manage grazing practices and stocking rates. Protect from chemical spray drift.

Identify appropriate intensity and interval of fire to promote vegetation regeneration.Fires that occur too early or too frequently impact on the diverse ground layer, simplifying the structure. Absence of fire is detrimental and leads to vegetation becoming dominated by rainforest species and shrubby species.Provide maps of known occurrences to local and state Rural

Protect from illegal wildlife harvesting from orchid and butterfly collectors. Epiphytes on Broad leaftea-tree trunks including the tea-tree orchid and button orchid are targeted as well as the ant plant which is also cut open in order to take the larvae of the Apollo jewel butterfly.

Avoid soil disturbance and increased soil fertility. Manage weeds including snakeweed, rat’s tail, sensitive weed (Mimosa pudica), urena burr, Chinese burr, spiny sida, thatch grass, Guinea grass and Sida rhombifolia.Avoid adverse impacts from chemicals or other mechanisms to manage weeds.

Control exotic pests (such as goats, pigs and feral horses).Manage the coastal brown ant, which is displacing native ants, particularly the native golden ant that plays a vital role in survival of the ant plant and the Apollo jewel butterfly.

Develop and implement suitable hygiene protocols to protect sites from potential outbreaks of myrtle rust (Uredo rangelii).