constitution day.docx

7/23/2019 Constitution Day.docx

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Constitution DayBasahin sa Filipino

EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

The iconic photograph of 1899Malolos Congress: digitally colored, based on written accounts and the restoration of
http://www.gov.ph/araw-ng-saligang-batas/http://www.gov.ph/araw-ng-saligang-batas/http://www.gov.ph/araw-ng-saligang-batas/


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the Barasoian Church for the 1998 Centennial. President guinaldo sits at the center, asa gentle!an reads a docu!ent to his left.

The Philippines has had a total of six constitutions since the Proclamation ofIndependence on June 12, 1898. In 1899, the Malolos onstitution, the !rst

Philippine onstitution"the !rst repu#lican constitution in $sia"%as draftedand adopted #& the First Philippine 'epu#lic, %hich lasted from 1899 to 19(1.

)urin* the $merican +ccupation, the Philippines %as *oerned #& the la%sof the -nited tates of $merica. +r*anic $cts %ere passed #& the -nitedtates on*ress for the administration of the /oernment of the PhilippineIslands. The !rst %as the Philippine +r*anic $ct of 19(2, %hich proided for aPhilippine $ssem#l& composed of Filipino citi0ens. The second %as thePhilippine $utonom& $ct of 191, %hich included the !rst pled*e of Philippineindependence. These la%s sered as constitutions of the Philippines from19(2 to 193.

In 194, the -nited tates on*ress passed the Philippine Independence $ct,%hich set the parameters for the creation of a constitution for thePhilippines. The $ct mandated the Philippine 5e*islature to call for anelection of dele*ates to a onstitutional onention to draft a onstitutionfor the Philippines. The 194 onstitutional onention !nished its %or6 onFe#ruar& 8, 193. The onstitution %as su#mitted to the President of the-nited tates for certi!cation on March 23, 193. It %as in accordance %iththe Philippine Independence $ct of 194. The 193 onstitution %as rati!ed#& the Filipino people throu*h a national ple#iscite, on Ma& 14, 193 andcame into full force and e7ect on oem#er 13, 193 %ith the inau*uration

of the ommon%ealth of the Philippines. $mon* its proisions %as that it%ould remain the constitution of the 'epu#lic of the Philippines onceindependence %as *ranted on Jul& 4, 194.

In 194(, the 193 onstitution %as amended #& the ational $ssem#l& ofthe Philippines. The le*islature %as chan*ed from a unicameral assem#l& toa #icameral con*ress. The amendment also chan*ed the term limit of thePresident of the Philippines from six &ears %ith no reelection to four &ears%ith a possi#ilit& of #ein* reelected for a second term.


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Philippine "#ecuti$e Co!!ission Chair!an%orge B. &argas reads a !essage to the 'alibapi in the presence of (t. )en. *higenori'uroda and *pea+er Benigno *. uino, in the old *enate *ession -all in the(egislati$e Building, Manila. This photograph was !ost probably ta+en on *epte!ber/, 190, when the 'alibapi elected the !e!bers of the 2ational sse!bly fro! a!ongits !e!bers.

)urin* orld ar II the Japanese:sponsored *oernment nulli!ed the 193onstitution and appointed Preparator& ommittee on Philippine

Independence to replace it. The 194 onstitution %as used #& the econd'epu#lic %ith Jose P. 5aurel as President.

-pon the li#eration of the Philippines in 1943, the 193 onstitution came#ac6 into e7ect. The onstitution remained unaltered until 194; %hen thePhilippine on*ress called for its amendment throu*h ommon%ealth $cto. ;. +n March 11, 194; the Parit& amendment *ae -nited tatesciti0ens e


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rati!ed and in full force and e7ect on Januar& 1;, 19;. $lthou*h the 19;onstitution had #een >rati!ed? in this manner, opposition a*ainst itcontinued. hief Justice 'o#erto =. oncepcion in his dissentin* opinion inthe case of Jaellana . @xecutie ecretar&, exposed the fraud thathappened durin* the citi0enAs assem#l& rati!cation of the 19; onstitution

on Januar&, 1( 13, 19;. Co%eer, the !nal decision of this case %as thatthe rati!cation of the 19; onstitution %as alid and %as in force.

President Cora3on C. uino addressing the1984 Constitutional Co!!ission at its inaugural session.

hen democrac& %as restored in 198, President ora0on . $


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5elegate Manuel 6o#as signs theConstitution. -e was the leading !e!ber of the Co!!ittee on *tyle, also +nown as the*e$en 7ise Men, who had a significant i!pact on the final draft of the 19Constitution.

President @milio $*uinaldo issued the !rst proclamation that cele#ratedthe e7ectieness of a constitution in 1899 on Januar& 2, 1899. In theProclamation, President $*uinaldo ordered the release of panish prisonersunder the custod& of the Philippine reolutionar& forces, to mar6 theinau*uration of the First Philippine 'epu#lic. o su#se


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6eferendu! Bandwagon: theMarcos era referendu! was conducted by &i$a &oce $ote as opposed to thecon$entional *ecret Balloting.

In 19;, after the declaration of martial la%, the 193 onstitution %asreplaced #& a ne% charter, the 19; onstitution. In commemoration,President Marcos, repealed President ue0onAs Proclamation o. , s. 19,#& irtue of Proclamation o. 1219, s. 19;, %hich moed onstitution )a&from Fe#ruar& 8 to Januar& 1; of eer& &ear. This proclamationcommemorated the da& %hen President Marcos certi!ed that the ne%onstitution had #een rati!ed. onstitution da& %as commemorated until theend of President Marcos term #ut %as oershado%ed #& the Proclamationma6in* eptem#er 21stof eer& &ear >Than6s*iin* da&?, the date indicatedon Presidential Proclamation o. 1(81, s. 19;2D Martial la%, ho%eer, %asactuall& declared t%o da&s later %hen President Marcos announced itthrou*h nation%ide teleision.

hen democrac& %as restored in 198, the 19; onstitution %as replaced#& !rst the freedom constitution, also 6no%n as Proclamation o. , s. 198,then our current constitution, the 198; onstitution. This constitution came

into full force and e7ect on Fe#ruar& 11, 198;, after President ora0on .$


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President Cora3on C. uino

recei$es the 198 Constitution fro! Constitutional Co!!ission President Cecilia Muo3; Pal!a.

MAPS OF THE COMPOSITION OF DELEGATES TOTHE 193 AND 19!1 CONSTITUTIONALCONVENTIONS


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Map of the co!position of delegates to the 190 Constitutional Con$ention.


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Map of the co!position of delegates to the 191 Constitutional Con$ention.

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