constitutional monarchy the development of limited government in england in the 1600s
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CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
The development of limited government in England
In the 1600s
Biggest Picture1600s
England creates (with much turmoil) a Constitutional Monarchy
(not an absolutist one).
Parliament & a limited Monarch will now rule England.
Bigger Picture1603-1688
* Kings rule arbitrarily
* England’s King and Parliament duke it out for power. The King is Executed
* Parliament Rules with no king
* Kings are restored but cause more trouble
* Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!
* Stuart Monarchs 1603+
* England’s King and Parliament duke it out for power. The King is Killed
* Parliament Rules with no king
* Kings are restored but cause more trouble
* Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!
Bigger Picture1603-1688
Bigger Picture
* Stuart Monarchs 1603+
* The English Civil War
* Parliament Rules with no king
* Kings are restored but cause more trouble
* Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!
Bigger Picture
* Stuart Monarchs 1603+* The English Civil War* The Commonwealth / The Protectorate* Kings are restored but cause more trouble•Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!•Blood isn’t good
Bigger Picture
* Stuart Monarchs 1603+
* The English Civil War
* The Commonwealth / The Protectorate
* The Restoration Monarchs
* Another king is ejected . . . but bloodlessly!
Bigger Picture
* Stuart Monarchs 1603+
* The English Civil War
* The Commonwealth / The Protectorate
* The Restoration Monarchs
* The Glorious Revolution 1688!
The Big Picture* The Stuart Monarchs 1603+
– James I – Charles I
* The Civil War (Parliament vs Monarchy)
* The Commonwealth / The Protectorate
– Oliver Cromwell* The Restoration Monarchs
– Charles II– James II
* The Glorious Revolution 1688-89
– William & Mary
Henry VII
James IV m. Margaret Henry VIII
James V Edward - Mary - Elisabeth
Mary Queen of Scots
James VI
STUARTS
James I1603 - 1625
• Scottish!• Divine Right of Kings• Persecutes Puritans• Pro-Catholic Foreign
Policy!!
King James Bible
James I1603 - 1625
• Scottish!• Divine Right of Kings• Persecutes Puritans• Pro-Catholic Foreign
Policy!!
Who is this?
• George Villiers• The Duke of
Buckingham!!
Guy Fawkes??
• Gunpowder Plot• 11/05/1605
Charles I1625-1649
Why We Hate Him! - Arbitrary Rule
Habeas Corpus! - Parliament?
3 years? 11 years???
- War with Scotland!! Episcopal vs Presbytery
The Civil War1640-1649
Parliament vs Charles IRoundheads CavaliersMiddle Class NoblesUrban South Rural
North
Parliament Wins!But a radical faction wins!Eject Opponents –
Rump Parliament Abolish the House of Lords
Charles I Executed 1649
The Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell! The New Model Army
REDUCES Rump Parliament (75) to the Barebones Parliament (40) (Praise-God Barebone)
GoalsA Virtuous Republic! Create Christian UtopiaSevere Moral Code
Crushes Political Opposition
The Commonwealth
• No Catholic rituals in the church
• No newspapers• No Dancing• No Theater• Vices? horse racing,
gambling, bear baiting, fancy dress, cock fighting??
The Commonwealth
“ The Puritan hated bear-baiting, not because it gave pain to the bear, but because it gave pleasure to the spectators.“
• Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800-1859)
The Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell! Leader of the New Model Army
GoalsA Republic!Create Christian UtopiaSevere Moral Code
Crushes Political OppositionScots, Irish, Levelers, Diggers
DISOLVES PARLIAMENT!!
The Protectorate
Oliver Cromwell Lord High Protector
1653 - 1658
?
The Restoration Monarchs
Charles II1630- (r. 1660 – 1685)
• Father killed in 1649• Fled to Sicily,
Holland, & France• King of the Scots 1651
Charles II1630- (r. 1660 – 1685)
• Popular King• Secretly Catholic?• Accepts
– Magna Carta
– Petition of Rights
– Anglicanism
JAMES II1633 (1685 – 1689)
Foolish
fearless Catholic
Divine Right
Absolutism
Hated, but …
William & Mary
New Wife? Son!
The Immortal Seven
• The Earl of Danby
• The Earl of Shrewsbury
• The Earl of Devonshire
• The Viscount Lumley
• The Bishop of London
• Edward Russell
• Henry Sydney (the writer)
The Glorious Revolution 1689
Constitutional Balance (unwritten)
• Bill of Rights!!
• Religious Tolerance for all protestants
• Act of Settlement– only Anglicans can inherit the Throne– Settle in America and start Baptist church