Constitutional Struggles ofConstitutional Struggles ofthe Seventeenth Centurythe Seventeenth Century

Absolute Monarchy & Limited MonarchyAbsolute Monarchy & Limited Monarchy

History 103History 103The West and the WorldThe West and the World

FOCUS QUESTIONSFOCUS QUESTIONS What was absolutism in theory, and how did What was absolutism in theory, and how did

its actual practice in France reflect or differ its actual practice in France reflect or differ from the theory?from the theory?

What were the main issues in the struggle What were the main issues in the struggle between kind and Parliament in between kind and Parliament in seventeenth-century England, and how were seventeenth-century England, and how were they resolved?they resolved?

What theories of government were proposed What theories of government were proposed by Jacques Bossuet, Thomas Hobbes, and by Jacques Bossuet, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke, and how did their respective John Locke, and how did their respective theories reflect concerns and problems of theories reflect concerns and problems of the seventeenth century?the seventeenth century?

French Wars of Religion,1562-French Wars of Religion,1562-15981598

Catholic vs HuguenotCatholic vs Huguenot Major Families – Valois, Guise, BourbonMajor Families – Valois, Guise, Bourbon Henry II (1547-1559) Valois DynastyHenry II (1547-1559) Valois Dynasty

– Francis II (1559-1560)Francis II (1559-1560)– Charles IX (1560-1574)Charles IX (1560-1574)– Henry III (1574-1589)Henry III (1574-1589)

Henry IV (1589-1610) Bourbon DynastyHenry IV (1589-1610) Bourbon Dynasty Edict of Nantes, 1598Edict of Nantes, 1598

Catherine de' Medici1519-1589

Power Behind the Throne DuringThe French Wars of Religion

St. Bartholomew’s Day St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, August 23, 1572Massacre, August 23, 1572

Religious ViolenceReligious Violence The Importance of the State in Catholic RevivalThe Importance of the State in Catholic Revival

Henry IV of France1589-1610

As Duc of Navarre he was the Leader of the Huguenots. Established the Bourbon Dynasty in France

Philip II1556-1598

King of Spain and Ruler of theNetherlands and the SpanishColonial Empire

United Provinces, Spanish United Provinces, Spanish NetherlandsNetherlands

Duke of AlbaEnters Netherlands in 1567

William of OrangeLeads Rebellion in 1568

The Spanish Armanda, 1588

The Thirty Years’ WarThe Thirty Years’ War

Thirty Years’ War, 1618-1648

Four Major Phases:

• Bohemian Phase – 1618-1625

• Danish Phase – 1625-1629

• Swedish Phase – 1630-1635

• French Phase – 1636-1648

Ferdinand II1583-1637

Holy Roman Emperor1619-1637

Trained by Jesuits and Strong Counter Reformation Advocate

Defenestration at Prague, 1618

Frederick V, Elector Palatine

1596-1632

“The Winter King”

The Thirty Years’ WarThe Thirty Years’ War

Christian IV of Denmark1577-1648

Danish Phase1625-1629

Lutheran King

Supports ProtestantCause

Defeated in Battle ofLutter am Barenberge,

1626

Defeats Tilly at Breitenfeld1630

Destruction of Magdeburg1631

Victory at Lutzen1632

Killed in Battle at Lutzen

Swedish Phase, 1630-1635

Gustavus II Adolphus1594-1632

Marie de Medici byPeter Paul Rubens

1573-1642

Louis XIIIBourbon King of France

1601-1643r. 1610-1643

The Bourbon Dynasty

Cardinal Richelieu1585-1642

First Minister for Louis XIII

1624-1642

French Phase, 1636-1648

Peace of Westphalia, 1648

• Peace of Exhaustion • Sets the Political Geography of Europe• Cujus regio, ejus religio Cujus regio, ejus religio becomes realitybecomes reality• Calvinism given RecognitionCalvinism given Recognition• Balance of Power PrincipleBalance of Power Principle• Dutch Independence is RecognizedDutch Independence is Recognized

Louis XIV, the Sun King1643-1715

Louis XIV in His Minority

Palace at Versailles

France Under France Under LouisLouis XIV XIV

Stuart MonarchyStuart Monarchy

James I (1603-1625)James I (1603-1625) Charles I (1625-1649)Charles I (1625-1649) Interregnum (1649-1660) CromwellInterregnum (1649-1660) Cromwell Charles II (1660-1685)Charles II (1660-1685) James II (1685-1689)James II (1685-1689) William (1689-1702) & Mary (1689-William (1689-1702) & Mary (1689-

1694)1694) Anne (17-2-1715)Anne (17-2-1715)

The English Civil WarThe English Civil War

Execution of Charles I, 1649

Thomas Hobbes1588-1679

The Leviathan, 1651Social Contract supporting Absolute Monarchy

John Locke1632-1704

Two Treatises Concerning Government 1689

A Letter Concerning Toleration1690