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Development Alternatives
EXISTING LCCR POLICY CONTEXT IN
MADHYA PRADESH
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Madhya Pradesh Initiatives
Ministry of Environment and Forests, GoI, and GIZ: Work together to develop an understanding towards the interventions required to improve the livelihood and adaptive capacities of vulnerable rural communities and formulate strategies for climate change adaptations favouring sustainable development in the rural sector.
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National Action Plan on Climate Change
There is a growing understanding on the importance of adopting LCCR strategies.
National Action plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
The NAPCC charts the development course of the country in an ecologically
sustainable manner.
Eight missions outline the strategies for achieving climate change adaptation and
mitigation goals for the country. Sustainable Habitats have been identified as
key thrust area for these missions.
NATIONAL MISSION ON SUSTAINABLE HABITAT, 2010
Improvements in energy efficiency in buildings
Improved solid and liquid waste management
Improving climate resilience of habitat infrastructure
Advance systems for extreme weather events
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12th Five Year plan Promotes inclusive growth, for faster sustainable growth
• Encouraging Energy Service Companies (ESCO) to go for retrofitting of existing buildings : an innovative option for bringing in energy efficiency in energy intensive applications. The ESCO recovers its expenditures from mutually agreed share from the savings in the electricity bills.
• Adopting Energy Conservation Building Codes (ECBC) in new commercial buildings.
• Promoting disaster resistance and innovative technologies to the houses of Indira Awas Yojna (IAY)
12th Five Year plan
LAYS STRESS ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS
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In India, the Central Government lays down policies and guidelines for the states to enact their own Urban and Regional Planning Acts.
• Master Plan / Development are important instruments of urban planning systems in the country.
Town and Country Planning
74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 • Attempted devolution of powers and assigning increased responsibility to
the municipality, by evolving a framework for the states to transfer some urban planning and land use regulation functions to Urban Local Bodies
Till early 90’s: • City planning process which was done predominantly by techno-bureaucrats • No direct participation from citizens
M.P. Municipal Corporation/Municipalities Act 1961, 1994 • Incorporated provisions for urban planning and land use regulation
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Madhya Pradesh Bhumi Vikas
Niyam 2012
Bye-laws for construction
and compliance thereof of
various types of buildings
Planting one tree @ every
100 sq. mt. of plot
18 districts of the state
earthquake-prone and for
construction activities
compliance to National
Building Code sought.
Town and Country Planning
Madhya Pradesh has a comprehensive policy framework for both the urban
and rural areas.
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Case study : Chhatisgarh Eco-friendly Mega-housing Project
Atal Vihar Yojana, June 2012 : Chhattisgarh Housing Board
• Aims to construct one lakh houses having an eco-friendly
features in three years
• 45,000 EWS and LIG houses, 50,000 MIG houses, 5000
HIG houses.
FEATURES: Each district would be developed as a Atal Vihar (Housing) colony with all basic facilities and eco-friendly features like • Increased green cover • Rain water harvesting • Photo-voltaic panel usage • Low flow sanitation • Efficiency lighting • Technological innovations and newer techniques in
construction
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Housing & Habitat
Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA)
Equitable, inclusive and sustainable growth of cities and towns that can include bye-laws for overall low carbon growth.
Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO), 1970
Techno-financial institution for dealing with problems of growing housing shortages. Indira Awas Yojana (IAY), 1996 Social housing scheme under Ministry
of Rural Development
STATE
CENTRAL
Housing & Infrastructure
Development Board, 1972
Post 1990, promoted participation
of private entrepreneurs and
liberalized housing
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Housing & Habitat
Madhya Pradesh Housing and Environment Policy, 2007 Sustainable Development as driving principle
Reducing pressure of population in big cities through larger role of local bodies
Seeking foreign investments
• Conducted capacity building mason trainings in eco-friendly construction techniques in all MP districts. • Demonstration buildings have been constructed to showcase these techniques and enable other house owners to adopt them. • Cost-effective model community buildings built in eco-friendly building technologies.
Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Rural Housing Mission Envisages fulfilling housing gap in MP through quality affordable and eco-friendly
building solutions
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National Rural Housing & Habitat Policy, 1998
Creating surpluses in housing stock
and facilitating construction of 2
million additional dwelling units each
year.
Promoting research and development
and transfer of technology for
construction of houses.
Evolving parameters for optimal use of
available resources to promote
development and growth in a
sustained manner.
Developing and enforcing appropriate
ecological standards to protect the
environment and provide a better
quality of life in human settlements
AIMS
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Many states have notified guidelines for rain water harvesting in residential areas.
Rain Water Harvesting Policy
Indore , Madhya Pradesh, has strict rules for implementation of RWH: • Rainwater harvesting has been made mandatory in all new buildings with
an area of 250 m2 or more. • A rebate of 6% on property tax has been offered as an incentive for
implementing rainwater harvesting systems.
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District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
Executing body
National Disaster Management Authority to spearhead and implement a holistic and integrated approach to Disaster
Management in India.
STATE
CENTRAL
Disaster Management
State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) Policy making body
• Prepares district response plans in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the state authority through departments at district level and local authorities.
• Examines construction standards. • Ensures communication systems. • Involves NGOs.
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Disaster Management
AIM: “Establishing necessary systems, structures, programs, resources, capabilities and guiding principles for reducing disaster risks and preparing for and responding to disasters and threats of disasters in the state of Madhya Pradesh in order to save lives and property, avoid disruption of economic activity and damage to environment and to ensure the continuity and sustainability of development.”
One of the leading organizations in the country imparting professional training and conducting consultancy services on natural and man-made disasters management.
Madhya Pradesh State Disaster Management Policy (MPSDMP), 2005:
Pre-Disaster Phase LCCR development
• Development of laws/byelaws • Extensive data collection • Maintaining directories of
resources • Developing action plans
Capacity building and training • Community awareness
Disaster/ Impact Phase
Post-disaster Phase
Disaster Management Institute(DMI), Bhopal, 1987
ACTIVITIES:
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CAUSES FOR LAND DEGRADATION • Soil erosion • Injudicious use of chemical fertilizers • Water logging • Salinity • Shifting cultivation
Wasteland Management
Madhya Pradesh has • 57,134.03 sq. km of wasteland • Nearly 12% of the total drought
prone area of the country
Drought Prone Areas Programme (DPAP), 1973
Launched by the Central Government Tackles special problems faced by severe drought Watershed approach for land development, water resource development Afforestation/pasture development
Rajiv Gandhi Watershed Mission
Umbrella mission Pooling of funds available under Employment Assurance Scheme, Drought-
Prone Area Programme and Integrated Wasteland Development Programme Covers 7,600 villages out of the 51,086 villages in the Madhya Pradesh
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LCCR Design & Construction
National Building Code of India (NBC) is a national instrument providing
guidelines for regulating the building construction activities across the country.
Administrative regulations
Development control rules
General building requirements
Fire safety requirements;
Stipulations regarding materials
Structural design and construction
Building and plumbing services
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LCCR Design & Construction
Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) Developed by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) to
address the energy efficient design of new, commercial buildings.
Optimize energy consumption for buildings with a connected load > 500 kVA.
Maximising thermal performance of walls and windows, ventilation, daylighting, air
conditioning appliances, etc.
Ensuring performance specifications of buildings as per their climatic zones.
Incorporating Code into the mandatory Environmental Impact Assessment
requirements.
• It has been estimated that if all the commercial space in India is made to conform to ECBC norms, energy consumption in this sector would reduce by 30-40%.
• 10 state have announced to make ECBC mandatory for new commercial construction.
FOCUS AREAS IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS:
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• Internationally recognized green building rating system which verifies that a building was designed and built using improved performance criteria, including energy savings, water efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction.
• LEED-India is administered by the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). • Currently, in India : 1,482 LEED India registered buildings and 214 LEED certified
buildings = 1012.92 million square feet of registered green building footprint.
LCCR Design & Construction
BUILDING RATING PROGRAMMES:
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
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LCCR Design & Construction
BUILDING RATING PROGRAMMES:
• National rating system for green building design, developed by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) and Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
• All new central government and public sector undertakings buildings are to comply with the requirements of at least a 3 star GRIHA rating.
• An actual performance based 1-5 star scale rating of a building (office buildings, shopping malls, hotels, hospitals and IT parks) in terms of its specific energy usage in kWh/sq m/year, with 5 Star being the most efficient.
Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)
BEE Buildings Star Rating System
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LCCR Technology
Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC), 1990
Established to bridge the gap between R&D and large scale application of new building material technologies.
Performance Appraisal Certification Scheme
Rapid Damage Assessment Studies
Capacity building and skill development
Persuading Central and State Government agencies, housing development and construction agencies and organizations in private and community sectors to use of proven cost effective and energy-efficient building materials and construction technologies.
AIM: to work towards a comprehensive and integrated approach for promotion and transfer of potential, cost-effective, environment-friendly, disaster resistant building material and technologies including locally available materials from lab to land for sustainable development of housing.
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• The Additional Chief Secretary, GoMP has reiterated at various fora the need for alternate building technologies to mitigate the housing shortage across the state, but also lead to reduction in carbon emissions. • Development Alternatives has been instrumental in designing training mechanism and is supporting the Madhya Pradesh Government in developing the state level Schedule of Rates (SOR) incorporating alternate building technologies.
LCCR Construction
PROMOTION OF ALTERNATE BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
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In association with Technology and Action for Rural Advancement (TARA), The Institute of Development Studies (IDS) and Kings College London, has undertaken an initiative to strengthen the understanding of emerging climate science and research among communities and communicators.
Madhya Pradesh Initiatives
The Housing and Environment Department supported by UNDP is working towards strengthening the CCC into a State Climate Change Knowledge Management Centre (SCCKMC).
KNOWLEDGE DISSEMINATION & COMMUNICATION
• Strengthen community knowledge and voice on climate change impacts and adaptation • Increasing their input into local research and policy dialogue • Enable communities to share their experiences in coping with and adapting to climate change.
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Environmental Planning and Coordination Organization
State Nodal Agency for addressing Climate Change issues. - Established a Climate Change Cell (CCC) - Facilitates management of long term climate risks and uncertainties - Builds capacities of state officials to mainstream these issues in activities and plans
EPCO in association with Development Alternatives, has carried out a vulnerability assessment in Madhya Pradesh: To study and understand climate change vulnerability and adaptation and therefore, how relevant resilience building and adaptation measures can be effectively incorporated within the existing development processes.
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State Climate Change Action Plan (CAP)
Madhya Pradesh was one of the first state to develop their State Climate Change Action Plan (CAP).
• Leading the state towards a carbon conscious, climate resilient development path. • Institutional capacity building across various sectors. • Green Governance favouring Low Carbon Societies • Increasing energy and water efficiency • Conserving and replenishing the forest cover and regulating mining activities. • Stress on rainwater harvesting structure with proper drainage and solid waste management.
The emphasis is on having climate change resilient cities and rural areas strategy including sectoral GHG inventorization.
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Water
National Water Policy 2012 Draft proposes to make a plan of action with a unified national perspective to meet rowing water demand of an increasing population. LCCR strategy for buildings looks at two aspects of water use - as a building resource and recyclability of used water.
National Water Policy 2002
Standardized national information system for water related data
Focused on artificial recharge of ground water
Instituted Ground Water Augmentation Awards (Bhoomijal Samvardhan
Puraskar) and National Water Award.
The Uthanur Panchayat in Mulbagaltaluk, Karnataka has been implementing the
Sujala Watershed Project since 2004 and has resulted in:
50 dry tubewells have becoming active yielding 700 gallons of water an hour
Household income increase from a pre-project average of Rs. 12,000 to Rs.
40,000
Bhoomijal Samvardhan Puraskar and National Water Award 2007
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Scarcity area management
Establishment of water zone and watershed management
Water allocation practices, drinking water and quality control
Ground water development.
MADHYA PRADESH STATE WATER POLICY 2003
Water
The state has initiated many watershed programmes.
Watershed management programme, GoMP, 1995 : More than 1000 check dams, 1050 tanks and 1100 community lift irrigation schemes have been implemented in Jhabua district.
Chhattisgarh region, Madhya Pradesh Experiment
Installation of low cost small farm reservoirs & improved crop and soil management systems.
• Crops in the micro-catchment of the reservoir did not face drought due to subsoil moisture reserves
• Contributed to ground water storage.
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Forests
Post-independence • Nistar rights restored • Political ideology of
allowing people to harvest more in an unsustainable manner
• Pressure on officers to contribute more towards revenues
Lok Vaniki (People’s Forestry), 1999 • Has earned the state government
Green Globe Foundation award. • Research and extension of nurseries
to make available high quality saplings for plantation.
Nistar Rights Traditionally, the tribals of
MP had the right to procure commodities necessary for
their living from surrounding areas and forests and in return they ensured to
conserve the forests
Abolition of Nistar rights
Following takeover of the forests by the
British
Fast deterioration of forests • Gap between demand and
sustainable supply of forest products increased
• Many forest-based industries closed down due to raw material shortage.
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Forests
National Forest Policy, 1988
Protection, conservation and
development of forests.
Substantial increase in forest
cover through massive
afforestation
Social forestry programmes
In Madhya Pradesh, • Improvement in the vegetation cover since 1996 through micro-watershed
projects in the state. • Success of Salri and Ladwan micro watersheds needs to be replicated . • CDM is a new approach to earn carbon credits through plantation and
afforestation.
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PROJECT AREA : 369.87 hectares the land belonged to 227 farmers (degraded part of croplands that are generally left fallow) spread across 8 villages in Sirsa district
Case Study : Afforestation Pilot CDM Project. Haryana
Started by the Haryana Clean Development Mechanism Vaiksh Kisan Samiti, Ellanabad, a district level cooperative body, to earn carbon credits and to improve environment.
IMPACTS:
• Project financial return of INR 90,000/hectare/year is expected from the project, assuming TCER (temporary Certified Emission Reductions) price of US$ 7.00.
• A preliminary review and appraisal of the project, in January 2012, highlighted that the area is turning into lush forest.
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Re-utilization of industrial waste in making / as building materials
has not been on the agenda of any state level body
EXCEPT fly ash.
Industrial Waste
Chemical waste Hazardous waste Municipal Waster Rules, 1989
Solid waste Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000
Industrial waste
Solid Waste Management Manual of Ministry of Urban Development.
(falls under the mandate of Himachal Pradesh Pollution Control Boards and urban
local bodies have no role in its control )
• Steel and blast furnace slag • Fly ash • Kiln dust • Lime sludge • Mica scraper waste • Lime stone waste
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Industrial Waste
Some states like Rajasthan that has India’s largest marble industry have taken proactive
steps in dealing with these issues.
STONE DUST:
The Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board (RSPCB) has decided to allow the establishment of marble sawing units only on the precondition that mine owners will effectively reuse marble slurry within a year of getting license.
Stone dust is one of the major industrial wastes in Madhya
Pradesh
Currently there is no system for managing the waste generated
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Industrial Waste
FLY ASH
Currently 4 thermal power
plants in Madhya Pradesh - 19 more being
planned.
Problem of fly ash disposal • Grave environmental and
health consequences if not re-used.
• Production of fly ash in India is likely to be more than 175 million tons by 2012
Fly Ash Utilization Programme notification
• Mandatory use of ash is for industries involved in cement based products, bricks, construction works, roads etc. that lie <100 km from coal based thermal power stations (TPS).
• All the TPSs to supply ash free of cost to all the agencies and also prepare an action plan showing 100% utilization within 15 years i.e. by 2014.
Utilization of fly ash has improved
In 1994 - 3% In 2004 - 27%
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Case Study : 100% Fly Ash Utilization, Germany & China
GERMANY
Ban on clay solid bricks
CHINA
DRIVING FORCE : “Act for Promoting Closed Substance Cycle Waste
Management and Ensuring Environmentally Compatible Waste
Disposal”
• German fly ash fulfills strong quality criteria
• According to European standard EN 197-1 (2000), Cements are allowed fly ash content up to 35%
Utilization rates of fly ash in different application areas
Early 1950s : Pursued policy of ash utilization technology, supported
research and development activities
1990 onwards: Increased utilization rate
Since 1997: 100% utlization In Shanghai City and Nanjing City of Jiangsu
Province. Mostly in earthwork of road construction, wallboard materials and
cement production.
• Encouraged the use of fly ash • Triggered the use of fly ash in
the brick making industry
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Opportunities Threats in LCCR Development in Madhya
Pradesh OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
• Government of Madhya Pradesh has made rain water harvesting mandatory for any plot over 140 sq. m.
• Area under irrigation increased by 59%.
• Agricultural production, area under rabi increased by 16% with an increase in productivity of 30%.
However, the high rate of failure of hand pumps (44%) on account of
declining water table is indicative of the excessive ground water
exploitation.
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Opportunities Threats in LCCR Development in Madhya
Pradesh OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
Guidelines from MPSAPCC are also reflective of government’s
commitment to enhancing Energy Efficiency in Built
environment.
• Industrial Promotion Policy (2004) and Action Plan (2010) do not talk about the management of waste generated by the industries.
• There is no mention of ways to reduce the over-exploitation caused due to mining.
• Lack of skilled practitioners with the requisite skills to engage with the community to chalk out common ways forward.
• Ambivalence and overlap of functions and responsibilities between the plan implementing agencies
Huge potential of reuse of industrial waste in Madhya
Pradesh
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Thank you
Development Alternatives 35
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Development Alternatives
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