construction materials 01

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Department of Civil Engineering

International University - VNU HCMC

Mar. 15, 2012

CE210IU-Constructions Materials

Overview of the course

Nguyen Dinh Hung Dr. Eng.

Materials for infrastructures 1

1. B ui ld ing:

Columns: Concrete, steel bars, mortar,

Floor: Concrete, steel bars, mortar, gypsum Wall: Brick, mortar, concrete, big stone,

Window: wood, alumina, glass, steel bar,

Formwork: Steel frame, wooden plate/bar,


2. Ro ad :

- Pavement:Asphalt concrete, concrete, brick

- Base: big stone, aggregate, - Subbase: Soil, sand,


3. Br id ge:

Concrete, steel bars, prestressing steel, steel frame, asphalt concrete,

brick , wood, big stone,

Accidents in constructions 4

Sailing Tower in Ha Tinh

Workshop in Binh Duong

Can Tho bridge (Sept. 26, 2007)

Palau bridge (Sept. 26, 1996)

Introduction to the course 5

1. Evaluat ion

In-class quizzes, class participation and learning attitude: 10 -30%

One midterm exam: 20 - 40% One comprehensive final exam: 30 -50%

Final score = 30%(midterm) + 30%(report and others) + 40% (final exam)

2. Textbook

Michael S. Mamlouk and John P. Zaniewski, Materials for Civil and

Construction Engineers, Prentice Hall, 2005.

3. Reference books:

Steven H. Kosmatka, Beatrix Kerkhoff, and William C.

Panarese, Design and Control of Concre te Mixtures, 14th Ed., Portland

Cement Association, 2008.

Neil Jackson and Ravindra K. Dhir, Civil engineering materials, 4th

Ed, Palgrave Macmillan, 1996.

PhngVn L vcc tcgi, Gio trnhvt liu xydng, NXB Gio

dc, 2000.

Phm Duy Hu, Ng XunQung v Mai nh Lc, GiotrnhVtliu xydng, NXB Giao ThngVn Ti


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Content for the course 6

1. Conc rete

Aggregate: stone, gravel, sand

Cement, water (bonding)

Admixture: Lime stone, fibers, fly ash, rice husk slag, blast-furnace

slag, gypsum, ice, silica fume, glass,

Mixture proportion, concrete properties, 2. St eel

Normal reinforcing bar, prestressing tendon/strand, steel plate,

3. Asphal t concrete Aggregate: stone, gravel, sand, lime stone,

Bitumen materials (bonding)

Mixture proportion

4. Other materials

Brick, wood, mortar and grout (sand, cement, lime, water), composite

materials, paint coating and cladding materials,

Keyword: Properties of construction materials!

Plan Design Construction Maintenance Demolition

Department of Civil Engineering

International University - VNU HCMC

Mar. 15, 2012

CE210U-Constructions Materials

Concrete

Nguyen Dinh Hung Dr. Eng.

What is concrete? 8

Concrete is a composite construction material

composed primarily of aggregate, cement

, waterand others (admixture) .

Aggregate: crushed stone, gravel, sand

Cement, water (bonding)

Admixture: Lime stone, fibers, fly ash, rice husk

slag, blast-furnace slag, gypsum, ice, silicafume, glass,

v Strong in compression

v Week in tension

v Easier in making shape

Introduction to the course 9

Coarse and Fine Aggregate and

Water

Aggregate (course and fine) 10

1. Source : Natural aggregate

Gravel

Crushed sand

Pumice stoneCrushed stone

Concrete sand fill sand

Aggregate (course and fine) 11

2. Source:Artificial aggregate

burned expanded clay aggregate

Glass

Lead shot aggregate

Blast Furnace Slag (BFS)

Aggregate for normal concrete: 1200 to 1760 kg/m3

Aggregate for light weight concrete: 560 to 1120 kg/m3

Aggregate for heavy concrete: >1760 kg/m3


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Shape of course aggregate 12 Basic aggregate properties 13

Aggregate size distribution (ASTM C136-96a) 14

sieve

Coarse aggregateFine aggregate

Amount of aggregate is passed through onsieve (in weight).

Maximum size aggregate: (important) relatedto tensile strength of concrete

Aggregate size distribution 15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.01 0.1 1 10

Percentpassing(%)

sieve size (mm)

Upperlimit

Lower limit

Test

Coarse aggregate Fine aggregateIf test aggregate is outside of limit lines, some aggregate needs to add tomeet Specifications.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1 10 100

Percentpassing(%)

sieve size (mm)

Upper limit

Lower limit

Test

Aggregate size distribution 16

Fineness Modulus (FM): obtained by adding the total percentage of the

sample of an aggregate retained on each of a specified series of

sieves, and dividing the sum by 100.

FM of sand = 2.3 to 3.1. FM of coarse aggregate >3.1. Other shouldcheck and wash aggregate . Therefore, FM is control quality and cost of

product

Toughness, Hardness, and Abrasion Resistance 17

Aggregate abrasion characteristics are

important because the constituent aggregatemust resist crushing, degradation and

disintegration during mixing cement concrete

or asphalt concrete and service

Aggregate: made dry (110C) then coolingand measured 5000(g) or 10000 (g)

Steel balls: 6 or 12 balls

500 or 1000 revolutions

Sieve: No.12 (1.7mm)

Measure: retaining mass (g) after making

dry

100)( -

=

Original

FinalOriginal

M

MMLoss

TCVN 7572-12:2006


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Typical L.A. Abrasion Loss Values 18

Rock TypeL.A. Abrasion Loss (by

percent weight)

General Values

Hard , igne ous ro cks 10

Soft limestones and

sandstones60

Ranges for specific rocks

Basalt 10 17

Dolomite 18 30

Gneiss 33 57

Granite 27 49

Limestone 19 30

Quartzite 20 35

Moisture content and weights (ASTM C 127) 19

Dry state (bond dry): aggregate contains no moisture.

In an air dry condition: aggregate may have some moisture (normal condition)

Saturated surfacedry (SSD) condition: water penetrated into aggregate but itssurface is dry. This water will not participate in the reaction with cement.

Absorption: is defined as the moisture content in the SSD condition.

Free moisture content: water in surface of aggregate.This water will participate

in the reaction with cement.


Dry weight (WS): wash dust then oven-dry to a constant mass (less then 0.1% inweight) at 110C (230F) after cooling 3 hours.

Saturated surfacedry (SSD) weight (WP): put clean aggregate into water with 24hours in normal condition. Remove the aggregate from the water and roll it in a large

absorbent cloth until all visible films of water are removed. Wipe the larger particles

individually (use in determining distribution of aggregate for concrete).

Wet weight: is defined as weight of aggregate in wet (normal condition) .

Saturated weight: is defined as weight of aggregate in saturated condition.

Unit weights: dry, saturated surface-dry, wet and saturated conditions (kg/m3)


WS W WP WMMoisture content

%100S

S

WWWM -=

Absorption

%100S

SP

WWWM -=

Moisture content

%100S

SM

WWWM -=A

Percent free moisture: M A =

= 0: use to cast concrete

< 0: put more water> 0: reduce water

Moisture content and weights (ASTM C 127) 22 Strength and modulus 23

Important properties: tensile and compressivestrengths, modulus.

It is difficult and rare to determine important properties of aggregate by test(monolithic sample with diameter of 50mm , 100 mm in high no crack, no bulklayer, no special vein).

Tensile strength: 0.7 to 16 MPa.

Compressive strength: 35 to 350 MPa.

Young Modulus

A

Pfc =

DL

Pft

p

2=

P: Applied load (N)

D,A, L: Diameter (mm), area (mm2)

and length (mm) of sample

d: displacement (mm)d

PE =


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Water 24

Thank you for your kind attention!

Department of Civl Engineering

International University VNU HCMC

construction materials 01

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