construction technology - usm school of civil engineering construction

8/13/2019 Construction Technology - USM School of Civil Engineering Construction

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EAA 84 CONSTRUCTIONTECHNOLOGY

ARVINTHRAN RAJA KUMARAN

MOHAMAD FIKHRI BIN MOHD. NAJIB

MUHAMMAD TAUFIQ BIN ABDUL RASHID

NUR ATIKAH BT. SHUIB

SITI AISHAH BT. MOHD PILUS

SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGBUILDING CONSTRUCTION


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OVERALL VIEW OF THE BUILDING


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Pile Cap DrawingPile PointLayout

Pile Cap Details

Ground FloorPlan

BeamDrawing Roof TrussPlan

VARIOUS BUILDING PLANS


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FRONT VIEW OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING SCHOOL


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REAR VIEW OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING SCHOOL


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CONSTRUCTIONSEQUENCE OFSCHOOL OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING


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SETTING OUT

Setting out is the first step in construction and is done to mark out the

points and positions of a structure. This step is done once earthwork is

completed.


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PILING (SPUN PILE)

Once the setting out is done and the pile points have been set, piledriving work can commence.


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CONSTRUCTION OF PILE CAP

Once pile driving work has been completed, the piles are cut to the

desired level and pile cap construction can commence.


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CONSTRUCTION OF GROUND BEAM AND

FLOOR SLAB

Once pile caps has been constructed, the ground beam and floor slab can

commence.


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STRUCTURE WORK UNDERCONSTRUCTION

The skeleton of the building is visible and early shape of the building

can be seen.


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STEPS INCONSTRUCTIONOF SCHOOL OF

CIVILENGINEERING


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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS

SITEIDENTIFICATION

Site position, area, landform, existinginfrastructure and utilities.

SITE MEASUREMENT

Based on topography, map of geology,site location.

Stated bench mark or boundary.

SOILINVESTIGATION

To determine layer of soil, strength, type,characteristic & water table.

Produce a safe and economic design forfoundation.

Site investigation of information to be analyzed before construction, structural

and design work is done.


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DESIGN

CONSTRUCTION

Three phase design.

Architecture, Civil & Structural.

PREPARING DRAWINGAND SPESIFICATION

OF WORK

Structure drawing, shop drawing, constructiondrawing.

Work specification, addendum specification.

COSTING

Lump sum

Bill of quantities (BQ)

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS


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PREPARATION FOR CONSTRUCTION

SITE CLEARING

Clear, from all areas planned for the

work, buildings, materials, debris, prior tothe cutting and filling taking all necessaryprecautions to prevent damage to theexisting road structures and buildings orfacilities, in the area, which shall not bedemolished.

TEMPORARY ACCESS

Used during construction period before the realaccess road is constructed.

PROJECTSIGNBOARD

To inform that the project is beingimplemented or under construction.

Work of this section includes all measurement and materials required to

complete the supply, execution and construction of site preparation.


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HOARDING

To prevent people from entering the constructionarea.

For safety purposes.

SAFETY SIGNAGE

For safety requirement, safety of workers andpeople surrounding the site.

STORAGE FORMATERIAL

Suitable space to keep or load material suchas rebar, piling and formwork.



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SITE OFFICE

For storage equipment,

document, drawing & computer.

TEMPORARYUTILITIES

For usage during construction period.

Water, electrical, telephone & sanitation.

TEMPORARY PLACEFOR WORKERS

For construction workers to stay duringconstruction period.



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From sub structure, super structure, steelwork(truss).

STRUCTURECONSTRUCTION

Complete man power, machinery, material,money, method.

PREPARATIONFOR

CONSTRUCTION

Clear all areas planned for the work, allbuildings, materials & debris.

SITE CLEARING

Should be identified and emphasized that all work carried out in

accordance with the requirements and specifications

CONSTRUCTION STAGE


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Check the existing bench marks andreference points located on or out of the

site as indicated. Establish newly standardbench marks and points for the workswithin the site.

SURVEY

Prior to execution of the works the contractorshall check the existing reference points.

Principal points shall be established taking

advantage of the existing reference points.Individual principal point posts shall be of wood,15cm x 15 cm size, with an indicating nail onthe top, the surface of the post above theground shall be painted white.

TRANVERSING& PRINCIPAL

POINT

Establishment of temporary bench marks shallbe determined and posts shall be of wood,12cm x 12cm x 100cm in size, with anindicating nail on the top, the surface of thepost above ground shall be painted.

Setting out for survey shall be done with theagreement of the Engineer.

BENCH MARK &SETTING OUT

CONSTRUCTION STAGE


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Work below level. Piling, pile cap, stump and ground beam.

SUB-STRUCTURE

Work on upper level

Slab, column, beam, roof beam, truss,roof.

SUPER-STRUCTURE

Mechanical, electrical, plumbing, sanitary,air conditioning, fire fighting, networking.

FACILITIES

CONSTRUCTION STAGE


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SUB-STRUCTURE

PILING

PILE CAP

STUMP

GROUNDBEAM

The pile is designed to carry

as its part of the total support

of the foundation loading.

Specified in the drawings for

this building is 450mm spun

pile.

Test pile, pile record

Size, type, anti-termite, rebar,cover,

Formwork, concrete, lean

concrete.

Work below the surface of the ground


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SUPER-STRUCTURE

SLAB

STAIRCASE

COLUMN

BEAM

STEEL TRUSS

ROOF BEAM

Apron and perimeter drain

Type

Bars

Formwork

Anti-Termite Treatment

Concrete Grade

Waterproofing (Damp

Proof Course)

Work above the surface of the ground.


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FINISHING WORK

BRICKWORK

PLASTERING

TILING/RENDERING

DOOR & WINDOW

CEILING & ROOF COVER

Door and window frame

Exmet

Mortar

Wall

Painting

Skirting

Fascia board, gutter, rainwater down pipe

Roof insulation


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MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL WORK

Electrical

WiringConduit

Lights,socket,

fan,switchboard

Air-Cond

Split Unit,Ceiling

Cassettetype, WallMounted

UsingDOL

Starter


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FIRE FIGHTHING

ActiveSmoke

detector,break glass,

heat detector

Passive

Hose reel


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PLUMBING & SANITARY

Piping

Direct

Water tank

Sanitary

Manhole

ToiletFitting/Accessories


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MATERIALS USED INTHECONSTRUCTION OFSCHOOL OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING


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Polymer or cement-based binders, compounds or aggregate mixtures for

joining components and forming structures. Concrete is used for

making architectural structures, foundations, brick or block walls, pavements,

reservoirs, pipes and poles.

CONCRETE


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Cement is the most important material in the construction world. It acts

as a binder for all constituent materials in concrete, mortar or

adhesives. Cement is made from limestone and other chemicals in

cement plants. Cement can be stored in silos, tankers or packed into

bags normally weighing 50kg each. There are various cement brandssuch as Lafarge, CIMA, Tasek Cement and YTL Cement.

CEMENT


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Sand is a critical material in construction as it is the main building

material after cement. Sand is used to mix concrete, mortar and also

acts as a backfilling material. Sand can be dredged from rivers or

abandoned mining pools.

SAND


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Steel reinforcement bars

provide tensional force

as concrete is a material

weak in tension but

strong in compression.

There are two types of

reinforcement bars

commonly used in the

construction industry

which is High Tensile

Bars (marked as T) and

Hot Rolled Mild Steel Bar(marked as R).

T bars are used for main

reinforcements while R

bars are used as shear

links for structural

STEEL REINFORCEMENT BAR


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Tmber is a widely used material in construction mostly as formwork,

mould or falsework for concrete casting of various structural

components.

TIMBER


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The purpose of this tank is to store and distribute water through a water

reticulation system that will be installed in the building.

WATER TANK (POLYURETHANE)


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Paint is classified under architectural finishes,. Paint is actually a chemicalcompound consisting of petroleum by products and colour to create a

liquid mix that can be applied to any finished surface by means of brushing

or spraying to produce a smooth, colourful and attractive surface finish.

PAINT


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Aluminium roof truss is new in roof construction. Previously, timber roof

trusses were used to hold roof structures. The aluminium roof truss system

consists of C-channels bolted together to form a complete truss.

ALUMINIUM ROOF TRUSS


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Tiles come in various shapes and sizes to accommodate different needs in

order to cover a surface be it a floor or a wall. It comes under architectural

finishes in building. Tiles are bonded to the surface using mortar with bond

adhesives made specially for tile laying purposes.

TILES


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Roof tiles are made of cement or clay and laid as the top most layer of

building roofs. They come in special shape to allow rain water to be

drained off to gutters. Mortar or any form of adhesive is not required to

interlock these roof tiles as they have grooves and interlock with eachother through the grooves.

ROOF TILES


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CRUSHER RUN

Crusher Run is crushed aggregate mixed with sand or quarry dust which isideally used as a backfilling material for floor slabs or even the road base

for roads. It is a strong and tough material which does not soften

excessively with the presence of water therefore making it a suitable base

course. Sometimes crusher run is used as the top layer for estate or rural

roads.


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LINTEL BEAMS

Lintel beams are solid lean concrete beams used to transfer the load of

brick walls above any fixtures such as doors or windows to prevent the

brick wall load from crushing the fixture frames.


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BRICKS

Bricks are used as building blocks for building walls or to build a blockade or

partition of any kind. Bricks are mainly made out of clay but nowadays sandbricks have taken over the popularity of clay bricks as it is cheaper to

produce. Bricks are made in a single standard size and must be held

together in a certain configuration (arrangement) by the help of a binder

material such as mortar. In olden days, bricks were used in major structural

components such as bridge piers but nowadays that has been replaced byreinforced concrete.

( )


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SPUN PILES (CIRCULAR PILES)

Spun piles are circular in shape and have the ability to hold more load as

they are prestressed spun piles. The concept of this foundation system isthe same as R.C square piles as it is also a large displacement pile and

has to be hammered or injected into the ground either until it hits bedrock

or it is held tightly by negative skin friction. Spun piles can come is lengths

of 6m and 12 m and is chosen depending on the Geotechnical engineers

instruction for foundation work based on the S.I report. One of the most

famous manufacturers of spun piles in Malaysia is ICP.


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MACHINES USED INTHECONSTRUCTION OFSCHOOL OF CIVILENGINEERING

EXCAVATOR


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An excavator is a machine that can excavate soil of various types

forcefully and then using hydraulic system a hydraulic force is

generated and utilizing this force bucket is pull back towards the

machine.

Bucket of excavator is replace able. If front bucket is exchange with

some other attachments then excavator can be used for multi-

EXCAVATOR

BACKHOE


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Backhoe loaders are very common and can be used for a

wide variety of tasks such as small demolitions, light

transportation of building materials, powering building

equipment, digging holes/excavation, landscaping and

breaking asphalt.

BACKHOE

AGRICULTURE TRACTOR (BACK PUSHER)


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AGRICULTURE TRACTOR (BACK PUSHER)

The back pusher proves to be a very good tool in all construction work

sites.

It was used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble and gravel.

Although it has less power than the bulldozer, rental fees and the spare

parts of the back pusher are much cheaper than the bulldozer.

MOBILE CRANE


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A crane is a lifting machine. It

can be used both to lift and lowermaterials and to move them

horizontally.

Its mechanical advantage helps

move loads beyond the normalcapability of a human.

MOBILE CRANE

ROLLER COMPACTOR


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Roller compactor are used tocompact soil, gravel,

concrete , or asphalt in the

construction of roads and

foundations.

It also use the weight of the

vehicle to compress the

surface being rolled (static)

or use mechanical

advantage (vibrating).

ROLLER COMPACTOR

PILING RIG


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Piling rig is a construction machine

for piling in foundation engineering.

It is mainly applied to drill in sandy

soil, clay, silty clay and etc.

It used to drive piles into soil toprovide foundation support for

buildings or other structures

PILING RIG

CONCRETE TRUCKS


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Concrete trucks are made to transport and mix concrete up to the

construction site.

It maintains the material's liquid state through agitation, or turning of the

drum, until delivery.

CONCRETE TRUCKS


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VIBRO HAMMER


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VIBRO HAMMER

A complete rig for driving and extracting sheet piles, incorporating all

control functions for vertically, rotation and position.

VIBRATOR


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VIBRATOR

Vibration of concrete is carried out for the sake of consolidation.

The main objective of vibration is to compact the concrete and to

achieve the maximum possible density of concrete.

Vibration of concrete helps to remove air void without affecting much the

properties of fresh concrete.

PLATE TYPE VIBRATOR COMPACTOR


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PLATE TYPE VIBRATOR COMPACTOR

A compactor is a machine that compact the layers of various materials

and reduce the thickness of the respective layer by reducing the air

voids.

PORTABLE LIFTING HOIST


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PORTABLE LIFTING HOIST

A portable lifting hoist is used to carry small items in a bucket to higherfloors during construction. Materials such as sand, cement or bricks canbe carried using this small but powerful machine. It is convenient toused, takes up little pace and can be mounted to a floor slab. It can carry

a combined load of 300lbs and consists of a 5HP 4-stroke petrol engineand a 2HP 220V electric motor.

GENERATOR (GENSET)


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Generators are used to supplypower tools at construction

sites.

Generators are also used for

emergencies or backup whereeither a redundant system is

required or no generator is on

site.

GENERATOR (GENSET)

WELDING SET


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Welding sets are used to join

together metal pieces by

heating the surfaces to the point

of melting.

This is often done by melting thework pieces and adding a filler

material to form a pool of molten

material that cools to become a

strong joint.

WELDING SET

WATER PUMP


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WATER PUMP

Dewatering purpose to get rid of water before concrete casting orconstructing structures below water level such as coffer dams.

AIR COMPRESSOR


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AIR COMPRESSOR

Air compressors are used as a method to cut of piles or drill holes using

attachments such as cutter blades by introducing compressed air to cut

objects..

BAR BENDING MACHINE


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Bar bending machine used forbending reinforcement bars and

various forms of round bars.

The automatic angle selection

permits precise bend at a presetangle making it one step

bending process for various

forms of bends and stirrups.

BAR BENDING MACHINE

BAR CUTTING MACHINE


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Bar cutting machine is robustlybuilt to with stand the stress

while shearing of rebar and

various forms of steel bars.

Durable fast and easy to use,

this machine gives a one-shot

cutting operation with perfect

cutting accuracy thus minimizing

the use of labor and long drawn

cutting process for single cuts.

BAR CUTTING MACHINE


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THANK

YOU

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