consultation process consultation objectives feed into the design of usaid’s direct assistance to...
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CONSULTATION PROCESS
Consultation objectives
Feed into the design of USAID’s direct assistance to local government
Identify key democracy and governance challenges facing local government
CONSULTATION PROCESS
Interviews held with: City of Johannesburg (Gauteng); Nelson Mandela Metropolitan
Council (Eastern Cape); Amatole District Council (Eastern Cape); Buffalo City Municipal Council (Eastern Cape); Knysna Local Council (Western Cape); Klein Karoo / Garden Route District Council (Western Cape); Cape Metro Council (Western Cape); Durban Metropolitan Council (KwaZulu-Natal); King Shaka District Municipality (KwaZulu-Natal)
21 project managers for LGSP projects
National stakeholders: DPLG; LGTP; SALGA; MIIU, MDB; Parliamentary Portfolio Committee; National Council of Provinces.
ISSUES IDENTIFIED
Issues relevant to democracy and governance clustered under four headings:
1. Democratic council-community engagement
2. Social and economic development, citizenship and civic responsibility
3. Institutional restructuring for more developmental local governance
4. Council and community capacity for developmental local governance.
COUNCIL-COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Real commitment to participation Very little experience to draw on (‘post-forum’
participatory structures & beyond procedural mechanisms)
Community organisation not a given – many municipalities not geared to work in unorganised areas
Need agendas which are ‘relevant’ to engage citizens- current focus on input into Council processes (planning/ services/ etc)
COUNCIL-COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Ward committeesDiversity: Wards that cross old community divides represent
divergent interests Participation of social structures like cartels, gangs,
illegal migrants, etc Principle of plurality respected but ward committees
may be designed in ways that mute opposition voices – to what extent are ward committees political structures ?
COUNCIL-COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Ward committees Geographic distance in rural areas with dispersed populations-
wards too large to enable participation on local issues
Costs of participation prohibitive, especially in more rural areas
Roles of district and local councilors: Traditionally DCs worked through local councils in engaging citizens. Now need clarity on roles; and participatory structures to be established
Ward committees not a ‘solution’ to participation by themselves- Need to have guidance and sharing of experience on rules and procedures
COUNCIL-COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Role of ward and PR councilors
Roles of councillors still evolving (ward & PR)- if ward councillors are the key interface with communities, do they have the power in Council structures & own party caucus to influence key development / political decisions
Councilors need supportive structures and mechanisms to be effective
Officials raised ‘catch 22’ re: councillor participation in projects- both essential as a ‘champion’ & link to Council, but also possibility of (perceived) party political bias
COUNCIL-COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Communication and community access Communication seen as press-liaison or marketing
function (often with limited budget). Communication more difficult where communities are
isolated; high illiteracy rates; participation more difficult where local services standards are high (middle class areas)
Councils need to find ways to listen as well as talk to communities
SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & CITIZENSHIP
Social and economic development Councils comfortable with economic development function, but
see social development as social welfare function or unfunded mandate
Recognize that weak social and community structures and social problems like crime, homelessness, family breakdown, gangs, etc impact on ability to govern
Need to create functional families and stable communities acknowledged
SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & CITIZENSHIP
Some new approaches: “We build houses & give services, but we can’t build
communities”- Add social development functions to housing development
“Service standards are high, the problems are social”- Area based management
Use key social issues as a way to structure participation & establish Council-community relationships, even if those issues outside local government competence
SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & CITIZENSHIP
Citizenship & civic responsibility Campaigns to encourage citizens to recognize what LG does;
take responsibility for services; trust government; know rights and duties; be involved; etc
Some areas (mostly urban) – problems less to do with services than with civic responsibility (what we let our neighbors get away with)
Local politics is being restructured, not just local government Need political solutions to problems of social exclusion &
vulnerable social groups- ‘strongmen’ filling the governance vacuum, eg: allocation of resources in informal settlements, indunas in hostels, drug cartels /gangs, etc
SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & CITIZENSHIP
Poverty Key issue for local government New ways to allocate DC levies on pro-poor criteria Lack of skills to analyze and address poverty (poverty
assessment, move beyond income deprivation to look at other kinds of vulnerability, social capital, etc)
Need new economic and ‘regional economic’ strategies
Intergovernmental relations Need to improve intergovernmental relations in process of
tackling social under-development, social exclusion, poverty, weak citizenship etc
INSTITUTIONAL RESTRUCTURING FOR DEVELOPMENTAL LG
Opportunities of more developmental structures in current restructuring
Awareness of need for more developmental and democratic administrations
Municipalities feel there is an opportunity, but it’s a small window:
Need organograms to ‘normalise’ administrative management- tends to a structure-led process. Concern that ‘first-take’ structures will be difficult to change later
DoF grant with ring-fencing requirement interpreted as incentive to corporatise- tension between fragmented institution and integrated policy approach
Emphasis on cross-functional approaches to development- requires a more sophisticated policy apparatus
COUNCIL & COMMUNITY CAPACITY BUILDING FOR DEVELOPMENT
Specific support for more specialised development capabilities needed
Need more rigorous approach in identifying capacity gaps Smaller municipalities: Need more specialised skills over local
government generalists Specific skills gaps: Regulation and contract management,
Labour relations, Project management, etc Councilor development is a critical issue Change management & “softer” skills