consultation thompson, c.l. & henderson, d. a. (2011). consultation. in counseling children, 8th...

ConsultationConsultationThompson, C.L. & Henderson, D. A. (2011). Consultation. In Counseling Children, 8th Edition. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological ModelModel

Copyright 2011 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning

Individual ConsultationIndividual Consultation


Group ConsultationGroup Consultation


Mental Health Mental Health Consultation Consultation


Client-centered case consultation◦Usually type of individual consultation with

focus on client’s skill deficits.Consultee-centered case consultation

◦Usually type of individual consultation with focus on consultee’s skill deficits.

Program-centered administrative consultation◦Usually type of group consultation with

focus on client/group’s skill deficits.Consultee-centered administrative

consultation◦Usually type of group consultation with

focus on consultee’s skill deficits.

Myrick’s approachMyrick’s approach


1. Identify the problem clearly.2. Clarify the situation.3. Determine the desired outcome.4. Gather any needed information.5. Develop a plan of action.6. Evaluate and revise as needed.

CollaborationCollaboration


School ConsultationSchool ConsultationErchul, W. P., & Martens, B. K. (2002). Chapter 2: Promoting change in schools. In School Consultation: Conceputal and Empirical Bases of Practice, Second Edition. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers

Definitions of ChangeDefinitions of ChangeAlterations of

◦ Beliefs◦ Attitudes◦ Behaviors

Within◦ Children◦ Adolescents◦ Adults

Definition of Indirect Definition of Indirect ServicesServices

Services provided to the client through another person or agent.

Examples:◦ Consultation◦ Pre-referral Intervention◦ In-service Training◦ Program Evaluation◦ Research

Areas in Need of ChangeAreas in Need of ChangeThird-party adult may lack or fail to

demonstrate essential skills needed to change the client.

Third-party adult may hold unrealistic beliefs that keep them from trying to change the client (e.g., children with disabilities cannot….).

Third-party adult may have unusual attitudes towards the child (e.g., stereotyping) and/or the service (e.g., special education will magically fix the problem, I cannot provide special services in my classroom).

Consultation Vs. Consultation Vs. CollaborationCollaboration

Consultation CollaborationConsultant directs the

experienceBased on a respectful,

cooperative relationship.Process depends upon

one persons ability to use social power to effect change in another.

Works within the strengths and weaknesses of consultee.

Both parties share powerBased on a respectful,

cooperative relationship.Process depends upon

individuals working collectively to solve problems.

Works within the strengths and weaknesses of all parties.

Strategies for Change:Strategies for Change:Chinn and BenneChinn and Benne

Empirical-rational approach◦ Change will happen

when consultee sees the need.

◦ “Knowledge is Power”

Normative-Reeducative◦ Change happens

because the consultee sees the need and sees that others value it.

◦ “Knowledge and People are Power”

Power-Coercive Approach◦ Change happens

because of guilt or sanctions.

Types of Social PowerTypes of Social PowerCoercive Power: change happens

because of perceived punishment.Reward Power: change happens

because of perceived reward.Legitimate Power: change happens

because power is given based on professional role or position.

Expert / Informational Power: change happens because of perceived expertise or increase knowledge.

Referent Power: change happens because of a desire to be like the other person and/ or because of a perceived personal connection.

What Makes Change in What Makes Change in Schools?Schools?Two most effective power sources

for consultation in schools.◦Expert / Informational Power◦Referent Power

Most effective power sources for administration in schools.◦Coercive Power◦Reward Power◦Legitimate Power

Consultation TranscriptsConsultation TranscriptsConoley, J. C., & Conoley, C. W. (1992). Appendix A. In School consultation: Practice and training, Second edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Assignment for DiscussionAssignment for DiscussionRead through the transcripts

provided in the readings on electronic reserves.

This week’s discussion should be about these transcripts, and how they relate to the topics discussed in the consultation lecture.

consultation thompson, c.l. & henderson, d. a. (2011). consultation. in counseling children, 8th...

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