consumer chemistry power point tcm4-640664
TRANSCRIPT
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Predicting Physical
Properties of Molecules
from Functional Groups
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Learning outcomes
To become familiar with identifying key
functional groups within molecules.
To be able to explain the influence of
functional groups on intermolecular forces.
To be able to predict the physical properties of
molecules from functional groups present.
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Butanoic acid has a powerful, unpleasant odour. It is
found in rancid butter, Parmesan cheese and vomit.
Can you identify and name the functional group
present in butanoic acid?
Carboxyl group
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Aqueous solutions ofmethanal are commonly used in
embalming to preserve human or animal remains.
Can you identify and name the functional group present
in methanal?
Carbonyl group
Is methanal an aldehyde or a ketone? Aldehyde
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The molecule below is found in the disinfectant Dettol,
which we instantly recognise by its distinctive smell.
Dettol (chloroxylenol) helps us fight unwanted
bacteria.
Can you identify and name the functional group
present in Dettol?
Hydroxylgroup
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Carboxyl
groupAmide group
4-formamidobenzoic acid is used in pharmaceutical
compositions.
Can you identify and name two functional groups
present on the 4-formamidobenzoic acid molecule?
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Cinnamon is a tasty spice used to flavour biscuits,
cakes and pies. Cinnamon also has medicinal
properties.
Can you identify and name two functional groups in
cinnamon?
Is cinnamon an aldehyde or a ketone?
Carbonyl
group
Carbon-to-
carbon double
bond
Aldehyde
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What is the strongest type of intermolecular force of
attraction between cinnamon molecules?
(Hint: Think about the bond polarity of the functional
groups present!)
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Can you identify and name the two functional
groups present in methyl anthranilate?
Amino group
Methyl anthranilate occurs naturally in grapes and
is used as grape flavouring in drinks and chewing
gum.
Ester link
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Can you identify and name three different types of
functional group on the structure of vitamin C?
Ester link
Hydroxyl
group
Vitamin C is needed in your diet for the growth and
repair of tissues in all parts of your body.
Carbon-to-
carbon double
bond
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Which is the strongest type of intermolecular forceof attraction between molecules of vitamin C?
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Is vitamin C a polar or a non-polar molecule?
Is vitamin C soluble in water or in hexane?
(Hint: Think about which functional groups are present!)
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Glucose is a simple sugar that is used as an energy
source by many living organisms.
Is glucose soluble in water or in hexane? Justify your
answer with reference to the functional groups present.
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2-methylpropane is a branched hydrocarbon that is
used as a refrigerant.
Is 2-methylpropane soluble in water or in hexane?
Justify your answer with reference to the structure.