contact dermatitis
DESCRIPTION
CONTACT DERMATITIS. (49) Marienelle R. Maulion Section C Group 5. Contact Dermatitis. The generic term applied to acute and chronic inflammatory reactions to substances that come in contact with the skin Acute dermatitis : pruritus, erythema, and vesiculation - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CONTACT DERMATITIS
(49) Marienelle R. MaulionSection C Group 5
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Contact Dermatitis• The generic term applied to acute and chronic inflammatory reactions to substances that come in contact with the skin• Acute dermatitis: pruritus, erythema, and vesiculation • Chronic dermatitis: pruritus, xerosis, lichenification, hyperkeratosis, and/or fissuring
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Regional Sites of Predilection
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Tests for SensitivityPATCH TESTPATCH TEST• To detect hypersensitivity to a substance that is in
contact with skin so that the allergen may be determined and corrective measures taken
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Tests for Sensitivity
Provocative Use TestProvocative Use Test • Confirms a positive closed patch test reaction
to ingredients of a substance; to test products that are made to stay on the skin once applied
Photopatch TestPhotopatch Test • To evaluate for contact photoallergy to such
substances as sulfonamides, phenothiazines, PABA, oxybenzone, musk ambrette
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Types of Contact Dermatitis
Irritant Contact DermatitisIrritant Contact Dermatitis• An inflammatory reaction in the skin resulting
from exposure to a substance that causes an eruption in most people who come in contact with it
Allergic Contact DermatitisAllergic Contact Dermatitis• An acquired delayed sensitivity to various
substances that produce inflammatory reactions in only those who have been previously sensitized to the allergen
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Irritant Contact DermatitisEtiologic AgentsEtiologic Agents• Water, soaps, detergents, bleaches, lye, drain
pipe cleaners, toilet bowl and oven cleansers• Acids and Alkalis• Solvents and Hydrocarbons• Fiberglass, dust, capsaicin, teargas, metal saltsPredisposing FactorsPredisposing Factors• History of atopic dermatitis• Occupational exposure/ Repeated exposure• Low temperature/ Low humidity• Condition of the skin
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Irritant Contact Dermatitis
PathogenesisPathogenesis• The irritants cause cell damage if applied for
sufficient time and in adequate concentration. Inflammatory response occurs because of the inability of the skin to defend and repair its integrity and function from penetrating chemicals.
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Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Acute Irritant Contact DermatitisAcute Irritant Contact Dermatitis • Burning, stinging, painful sensations can occur
immediately within seconds after exposure or may be delayed up to 24 hour
LESIONErythema with a dull, nonglistening surface
vesiculation (blister formation) erosion crusting shedding of crusts and scaling or erythema necrosis shedding of necrotic tissue ulceration healing
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Irritant Contact DermatitisAcute Irritant Contact Dermatitis
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Irritant Contact DermatitisAcute Irritant Contact Dermatitis
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Irritant Contact DermatitisChronic Irritant Contact DermatitisChronic Irritant Contact Dermatitis• Prolonged and repeated exposures of the skin to
irritants results to a chronic disturbance of the barrier function, subsequently, elicit a chronic inflammatory response.
• Stinging and itching, pain as fissures developLESIONDryness chapping erythema hyperkeratosis
and scaling fissures and crusting• Lichenification, vesicles, pustules, and erosions
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Irritant Contact DermatitisChronic Irritant Contact Dermatitis
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Allergic Contact DermatitisEtiologic Agents/AllergensEtiologic Agents/Allergens• Poison Ivy, raw cashew nuts, mango, chrysanthemum,
pollens, castor bean, latex of fig and rubber trees• Fabric finishers, dyes, rubber additives, anti-wrinking
and crease-holding chemicals, brassieres, tight clothes• Rubber accelerators, leathers, adhesives, foam rubber
padding, felt, cork liners, formaldehyde in shoes• Nickel-containing (earrings, watch), Chromate (paint,
gloves), Mercury (waving solution, amalgams), Cobalt (paints, glass), Arsenic (fabric dyes, disinfectants), Gold (dental gold, gold jewelry contaminated with radon)
• Fragrance, cosmetic preservatives, permanent hair dye, acid permanent wave preparation, sunscreens, mechanical hair removers, nail lacquers, deodorants
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Allergic Contact DermatitisPathogenesisPathogenesis
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Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Acute Allergic Contact Dermatitis• Well-demarcated erythema and edema on
which are superimposed closely spaced, nonumbilicated vesicles, and/or papules
LESION: Erythema Papules vesicles erosions
crusts scaling.
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Allergic Contact DermatitisAcute Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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Allergic Contact DermatitisAcute Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Chronic Allergic Contact Dermatitis• Plaques of lichenification (thickening of the
epidermis with deepening of the skin lines in parallel or rhomboidal pattern), scaling with satellite, small, firm, rounded or flat-topped papules, excoriations, erythema, and pigmentation
LESIONPapules scaling lichenification excoriations
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Allergic Contact DermatitisChronic Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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Allergic Contact DermatitisChronic Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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Management for Contact Dermatitis
Prevention • Avoid exposure to potential allergen• Avoid repeated and prolonged exposure to
irritants• Wear protective clothing• Check skin reactions to cosmetics before
applying
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Management for Contact DermatitisTreatment for Irritant Contact DermatitisTreatment for Irritant Contact Dermatitis• Identify and remove the etiologic agent• Wet dressings with gauze soaked in Burow's solution,
changed every 2 to 3 hours• Larger vesicles may be drained, but tops should not
be removed• Topical class I glucocorticoid preparations• Severe cases: systemic glucocorticoids
– Prednisone, 2-week course, 60 mg initially, tapering by steps of 10 mg
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Management for Contact DermatitisTreatment for Allergic Contact DermatitisTreatment for Allergic Contact Dermatitis• Identify and remove the etiologic agent.• Topical glucocorticoid ointments/gels (classes I to III)
for early nonbullous lesions• Larger vesicles may be drained, but tops should not
be removed• Wet dressings with cloths soaked in Burow's solution
changed every 2 to 3 hours• Systemic glucocorticoids: Severe & Exudative lesions
– Prednisone, initial 70 mg (adults), tapering by 5 to 10 mg/d over a 1- to 2-week period.
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Thank you.
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