container ports future
TRANSCRIPT
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The Ports Corporation Aqaba - Jordan
The Evolution of Ports in a Competitive World
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Impacts of Globalization on Ports: technological changes (1/5)
Containerization of world tradeFuture containership designsImpact on port operations:Reduction of ship’s time in port and at berthReduction of personnel requirements for cargo handlingRaise of berth productivityIncrease of capital intensity of port operations
Source Drewry
020406080
100120
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Empty Full Total
Containerization of world trade(in Million TEU)
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Impacts of technological changes (2/5)Future containership & Gantry Crane designs
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Impacts of technological changes (3/5)
Need for container port productivity improvements
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Impacts of technological changes (4/5) Impact of increasing port productivity on voyage cost per
TEUكلما زاد حجم السفينة و زادت إنتاجية الميناء قلت كلفة نقل الحاوية الواحدة
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“Production” process and time spent in the port
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Growing role of information technologyPort requirements for large cruise shipsOther technology impacting port services : podded drive propulsion systems, self unloading bulk
carriers, Sat Information System, Mobile Text Messages with costumers…
Impacts of technological changes (5/5)
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Environmental Security and safety concernsGrowing environmental concerns:Oily ballast water dischargeWater pollution, air pollution, aesthetics (appreciation of
beautiful arts), noise.
Issue of sub-standard shipsPort State ControlRegional cooperation
Security Measures: Compulsory Requirements
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PORT OPERATIONS AND SERVICE TO CUSTOMERS
•Which markets ?
•What concerns ?
•Which strategy ?
•What expectations ?
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PORT OPERATIONS AND SERVICE TO CUSTOMERS
Tramping
Lines
•Operationwise: Usual offer (propose) to shippers.
•Regulationwise
- Open to the public
- Published schedule
- Permanent ports of call
WHICH MARKETS ?
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Lines• Mainly involve:
- general cargoconventionalcontainersroro
• Generally eliminate :
- specialised trades
THE SHIP MAKES THE DECISION
WHICH MARKETS ?
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WHICH MARKETS ? Lines ’ concerns
• ROUTES
Three east/west routes
Some north/south routes
Multiple regional routes
• FINANCIAL STAKES
• OPERATORS
10 Shipowners control 50% of the capacity
20 control 72%
12 asian shipowners control 33%
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THE MAIN OPERATORS OF CONTAINER VESSELS(October 2002)(October 2002)
Source : www.alphaliner.com
0 50 ,0 00 10 0 ,0 0
0
150 , 0 0
0
200 , 00
0
250 ,00
0
300 ,0 0
0
3 50 ,0 0
0
400 , 0 0
0
450 ,0 0
0
50 0 ,0 0
0
550 , 0 0
0
600 , 00
0
65 0 , 00
0
700 ,0 0
0
7 50 ,00
0
800 ,00
0
Pacific International Lines-(40)-Singapour
CSAV Group-(40)-Chili
Yang Ming Line-(70)-Taiw an
Hyundaï-(50)-Korea
Hapag-Lloyd Group-(40)-Germany
China Shipping Group-(54)-China
Zim (87)-Israel
OOCL-(50)-China
Mitsui OSK Line-(70)-Japan
K Line-(80)-Japan
CP Ships Group-(83)-Canada
NYK-(73)-Japan
CMA/CGM-(85)-France
COSCO Container Lines-(135)-China
APL/NOL-(70)-Singapour
Hanjin/Senator-(50)-Korea
Mediterranean Shg Co-(120 M.V)-Swiss
P & O Nedlloyd-(100)-UK/NL
Evergreen-(160)-Taiwan
Maersk-Sealand+SCL-(250)-Denmark
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LINES ’ CONCERNS
Financial Stakes Increasing Costs
Variable costs
Logistics
Ship
Voyage
Structure
Decreasing Revenues
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FINANCIAL STAKES CostsVariable costs = 43 %
Port operations 10% Maximum
Agency fees
Inland transport
Empties repositioning
Logistics = 13 %
Some logistics costs are considered as variable
Containers2.5 times the ship ’s capacityi.e. 3500 x 2.5 = 8750 boxes => USD 20M
2 sets are needed during the ship ’s lifetimei.e. 8750 x 2 = 17500 boxes => USD 40M
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FINANCIAL STAKES Costs
Ship = 23 %
=> Daily costs – Crew + Supplies + Maintenance + Insurance
=> Financial costs –
A 5500 teu ship value is USD 52 M when built in Asia
Return on capital stocks + Resale value
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FINANCIAL STAKES Costs
Voyage = 14 %
=> Port expenses = Pilot - Tugs - Linesmen - Port dues
=> Suez & Panama
=> Fuel-oil
Structure = 7 %
Management staff
Running costs
Data processing
Control of equipment
Marketing
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PORT OPERATIONS AND SERVICE TO CUSTOMERS
Shipowner’s Strategy
•What ambition ?
• What target ?
• How to compete ?
What Ambition ?
•Thinking global
• Looking for a niche (suitable place) where nobody came before ! ... alone …but for how long ?
What target ?
• Reducing the slot-cost
• Increasing the net income per box
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Reducing the slot-costThe Ship
The Route
A Tailor-made Welcome
Alliances
……………………………………………………………………………………
The Ship
• Capacity teu / tonnage 4 000 teu -> 11,25 USD / TEU 5 500 teu -> 10,90 USD / TEU 6 000 teu -> 10,50 USD / TEU 8 000 teu -> 10,20 USD / TEU10 000 teu -> 9,40 USD / TEU
• Speed: more knot/day -> -> Less days (20-40 knots/hr … High Speed Ships For New Container Ports).
• Number of ships: A fixed day call depends on the number of ships as well as the transit time
• Origine of ships: shipyard / second hand / shipbroker
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TRANSHIPMENT
MUCH MORE MOVES !
A
B
200
800
A
B
200
800 + 2 x 200 = 1200
A
B
200
800C
2 x 800 + 2 x 200 = 2000
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WHAT EXPECTATIONS ?
Reducing the slot-cost
A Tailor-made Welcome
• Rapidity
• Reliability
Navigation Equipment
Assistance to the ship
Port Operations Facilities
• Competitiveness
Port Expenses: Negotiable Tarif System !!!
Inland costs
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Reducing the slot-cost
Alliances / Cooperation
=> Slot agreements
=> Consortium
⇒ Coordinated servicesIncreasing the net income per box
=> Where is the cargo ?
⇒ Which inland network ?
what about the Port Aurthority in this matter ?
How to talk to a customer ? => => The Customer should make his free site visits and introduce his comments, notes, questions and demands.
PORT OPERATIONS AND SERVICE TO CUSTOMERS
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• Equipment
• Organisation
PORT OPERATIONS AND SERVICE TO THE CUSTOMERS
WHAT OPERATIONS ?• Men
• Future
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MEN
• Number
• Training
• Skills
WHAT OPERATIONS ?
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WHAT OPERATIONS ?
ORGANISATION• Internal: social facts
• External: port operators,customs, health control, other professions
EQUIPMENT• Terminals: ports must improve the draft limitations to recieve larger ships which will reduce the transport cost (slot cost). This will improve the port competitivness.
• Interfaces/ Information Technologie + Security
• CranesFast Container Scanning
Sycho – Scan System
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FUTURE• Port Reforme & Régulation
• Private involvement (Concessions & Lease Contracts)
• Hi-Tech involvement (equipment, IT Systems)
• New méthode of how to talk to a costumer.
• Commitments & Security
• Ability to receive large ships.
RESULTS ASSESSMENT
• Traffic evolution• Professional Press• Feedback from local agents
PORT OPERATIONS AND SERVICE TO CUSTOMERS
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Thank you for your kind attention