contemplations on the human action by vernon l. smith تأملات في "الفعل البشري"...

Upload: -

Post on 14-Apr-2018

213 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    1/38

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    2/38

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    3/38

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    4/38

    1

    "" ""

    .

    Contemplations on the Human Action

    after fifty years

    Vernon L. Smith

    252006

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    5/38

    2

    .

    )]1949[1996:1-3 ".("

    . "

    .

    . .

    ) ".:3.( "

    ) ":19.(

    .

    .

    ( (

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    6/38

    3

    .

    .

    " ) ":658.(

    : "

    .

    ) ":734.(

    " ) ":736.( "

    " .

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    7/38

    4

    )

    (

    .

    50.

    50.

    .

    .

    .

    .

    50 :

    "

    ...

    ...

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    8/38

    5

    .

    .

    "):7-831.(

    .

    .

    "

    ) "1995:4282.(

    :

    1999

    .

    .

    ) (

    ) 1948.(

    )

    .(

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    9/38

    6

    ) (

    .

    .

    ") ":250-51.(

    .

    . "

    ".

    .

    ) 1995

    19931991.(

    :

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    10/38

    7

    .

    .

    100

    .

    .

    )" (

    ) "]1776[1909:19.(

    "

    .

    257:" (.(

    ) 1992:(

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    11/38

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    12/38

    9

    :"are at the doormansTwo""thebuildedHe

    house" .

    .

    /

    .

    .

    .

    .

    )45000(

    )1994:150.(

    ) 1981.( .

    )(

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    13/38

    10

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    )1979(

    .

    )1994:359( " :

    .

    .

    )(

    ) (

    .

    .

    .

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    14/38

    11

    .

    .

    "

    ) ":10.(

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    . "

    .

    ) "1994:40.(

    .

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    15/38

    12

    . :

    " )

    ( .

    ) .(

    .

    ...)(

    . .

    . )

    (

    ).")1998:63-64

    :

    .

    .

    .

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    16/38

    13

    .

    .

    "

    "

    )1988:8.(

    " :

    ...

    ) ":97.("

    ] [ .

    ) ":177.(

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    17/38

    14

    .)1949(

    .

    . .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    ) (

    ( 1999:

    704.(

    ) .(

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    18/38

    15

    .

    .

    )

    1999:706 4.(

    .

    :

    . :

    "

    : ) "1994:

    75.(

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    19/38

    16

    .

    . )1997(

    .1

    .

    .

    .

    1

    . )()(100$ )()(50$.

    .

    . Galvanomic Skin Response (GSR).

    . GRS

    )()()()(.

    .

    )()(

    GSR

    .)()(

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    20/38

    17

    .

    ) 1997.(

    )

    "Limbic System("

    .

    .

    :

    "

    .

    . ..

    .

    ...

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    21/38

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    22/38

    19

    .

    .

    :

    .

    ""

    ) 1996 1996.(

    --

    .

    .

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    23/38

    20

    " ".

    .

    . . 20

    10 10 2.

    2 40. 2:

    40 1 25 15

    1.

    . 15.

    .

    .

    . 10

    10 .

    40 .

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    24/38

    21

    1

    .

    2 .1 10

    5. 2

    " :

    ).( 250%

    150% . ". 2

    115

    225.

    1 24 28

    ) 1999.(

    6475

    .

    :

    .

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    25/38

    22

    .

    1

    .

    1

    )(

    )10,10((50%) 12(50%) 14

    )25,15(2(75%) 9(64.3%) 9

    )40,0((25%) 3(35.7%) 5

    .

    .

    .

    2 )1 .(

    12241 9 3

    .

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    26/38

    23

    ""

    .

    .

    )1991.(

    " ".

    ) ( )

    .(

    . ])1776[1909:

    19" :(

    ".

    .

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    27/38

    24

    . ) (

    .

    ) ( "

    "

    ) 1:26.( ) :1(

    )2(" ) "]1776[

    1909:19.( .

    .

    .

    ) (

    .

    . .

    " ) ":91.(

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    28/38

    25

    "

    . :

    " " :

    ) "1988:21" .(

    :

    .

    ) "1988:6.(

    .

    .

    .

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    29/38

    26

    .

    192)1999.(

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    30/38

    27

    . .. .) .1997("

    . ".275)28:(1293-94

    ) .1994(.:.

    ) .1999(" .

    ".398)22:(704-8.

    ) .1948(" ". 61

    )(95-108.

    . ) .1992(" ." .

    . .) ) :

    19-136.:.

    ) .1998(. : .

    . .. .) .1999("

    ". .

    .. ) .1981(" - :

    ." 2:4-15.

    .. ) .1979("

    : ". 205B:581-98.

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    31/38

    28

    .:) .1994( .

    .. .1993. (( .

    : .

    .1949. ((" ".

    39:466-83.

    .)) .1776(1909(.:..

    .) .1998(" ". 65):(1-

    19.

    .) .1991( .:

    .

    . . ) .1996(" :

    ". 65:833-60.

    .. .) .1995( .

    : .

    .. .. .) .1996("

    ".

    93:199613421-28.

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    32/38

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    33/38

    30

    .3

    ) .(

    .

    )1966:19( " :

    ". "

    .

    ". )(

    .

    . ) :1(

    )2( .

    3 .

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    34/38

    31

    .

    )1966:20(

    ."" ) 1966:11.(

    ( (

    " "

    ) " :

    (".

    .

    " "

    " " "".

    .

    " :

    50

    "" ".

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    35/38

    32

    )1(

    )2( )( ) (

    )3(

    .

    50

    .

    )1966:31" :(

    ".

    .

    .

    .

    )

    (.

    .

    .

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    36/38

    33

    .

    . :

    .

    :

    .

    ""

    . .

    .

    .

    ) .(

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    37/38

    34

    "

    ".

    .

    " :

    ". .

    .

    .4

    192)1999.(

    4 )19621963()19621963.(

  • 7/30/2019 Contemplations on the Human Action BY VERNON L. SMITH " "

    38/38

    .) .1963(" : .".

    71):(82-83.

    .) .1962(" ".

    70):(1-13.

    .) .1999("" " ".

    19)2:(195-209.

    ) .1963(" :."

    71)(84-85.

    .) .1962(" ".

    70):(380-85.

    )1966( :. .

    : .