Content-Centric NetworkingContent-Centric Networking- Tutorial -

Byoung-Joon (BJ) Leey g ( )bj33.lee@samsung.com

Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology2011.06.23

@KRnet 2011@

Contents

• Background• Content-centric networking approachesg pp• CCN walk through• Summary• Summary

– Key concepts & challenges– Analytical modeling– Analytical modeling

• Moving forward

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Background - 1Background 1• People use Internet to get contents such as web pages, music or

video files They only value “what” and are not interested invideo files. They only value what, and are not interested in “where” the contents are actually stored.

• IP (Internet Protocol) does the opposite and only cares about the “where” not about the “what”where, not about the what. The gap between the actual usage of the Internet and the

services offered by IP becomes the source of several problems, i.e.,p , ,

Usability Performance Security Mobility issues

• New approach is necessary to directly provide users with contents at the network layer, instead of providing communication channels between hosts

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Background - 2g• Data traffic explosion, & Security, privacy breaches• An architectural innovation is necessary to align

network function with the problems

InternetInterconnecting hosts

CCNInterconnecting Content

Content-Centric Network

TelephonyInterconnecting wires

HTTP, audio, video streams

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Content-centric networking approaches - 1g pp

• New frontier for networking researchg– European Future Internet

• Orange Lab’s CCN research (2002 ~ )• Many others…

– US FIA (Future Internet Architecture)N d D t N t ki 7 9M/3 htt // d d t /• Named Data Networking, 7.9M/3yrs, http://named-data.org/

– US PARC CCNx open source projectUS DARPA– US DARPA

– Korea FIFChina– China

• Huawei – world top in patent submission (2009)

– …5KRNet 2011

Content-centric networking approaches - 2Content centric networking approaches 2

k d• Networking Named Content– Content-Centric Networking (CCN), Van Jacobson et al, ACM

CoNEXT 2009CoNEXT 2009

• A Data-Oriented (and Beyond) Network Architecture– DONA, T Koponen et al ACM Sigcomm 2007DONA, T. Koponen et al, ACM Sigcomm 2007

• A New Next-Generation Internet Architecture– TRIAD (Translating Relaying Internet architecture integrating ( g y g g g

Active Directories), http://www-dsg.stanford.edu/triad, 2000– “An architecture for content routing support in the Internet,” 3rd

USENIX symposium on Internet technologies and systems 2001USENIX symposium on Internet technologies and systems, 2001

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TRIADTRIAD• Definition of “content routing”

– route client requests to a nearby content replica to avoid latency, congestion i t l dpoints, server overload

– CDN overlay such as Akamai Freeflow – latency, scalability issues

• Proposed “name-based routing” as part of explicit Internet content layer

– not as proprietary and ad-hoc, also network-integrated– returns the address of the “nearest” content server, request-reply addressq p y

RedmondGermany

Norway, London

C ti l t t ti /

Turkey(microsoft.com?)

• Conventional content routing w/multiple redirections

• Multipath content-layer routing

• Content routers maintaincontent reachability/topologyfor name-based routing

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DONADONA• Clean-slate redesign of Internet naming and name resolution• “Somewhat surprisingly, our research suggests that most of theSomewhat surprisingly, our research suggests that most of the

necessary changes reside in how Internet names are structured and resolved.”

replace DNS names with flat self certifying names– replace DNS names with flat, self-certifying names– replace DNS name resolution with a name-based anycast primitive– register-find-data

Mechanism Issue(s) DONA

Persistence DNS, HTTP redirect

Neither works if data moving across domains

names(P:L)

Availability CDNs, P2P application-specific, ad-hoc name

Authenticity IPsec, PKI,TLS

Focus on channel, not on content

Route-by-name • Registration Handler (RH) and, content a • Registration Handler (RH) and

Route-by-name

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CCN walk through – Architectural principles

• Hourglass architecture – thin waist• Built-in security – provide basic security building block right at the thin

g p p

Built in security provide basic security building block right at the thin waist by signing all named data

• End-to-end principle – intelligent terminal and dumb networkS lf l ti d fl b l d d t d li t th thi i t• Self-regulating and flow-balanced data delivery at the thin waist

– IP performs open loop data delivery, and transport protocols provides closed-loop flow control

S ti f ti d f di• Separation of routing and forwarding – Allows evolution of new routing systems, independent of fast forwarding

research

• Content retrieval from nearest

Salient Features

place Many-fold capacity increase

• Built-in and flexible security

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Built in and flexible security

CCN walk through - Primitivesg• Networking “named and signed” content chunks• cryptographic verification at packet levelyp g p p• “…the names are hierarchically structured but otherwise arbitrary identifiers…can be used to name a chunk of

data in a conversation, as the TCP/IP transport signature plus sequence number does today, but they can also name a chunk of data from a YouTube video directly, rather than forcing it to be embedded in a conversation between the consuming host and youtube.com..”

CCN k CCN l dCCN packet type CCN example data name

IP forwarding CCN forwarding and caching10KRNet 2011

CCN walk through - Namingg g• Interest in CCN includes the name of content which is requested.

However, the name is not a file name or parts of the file name.E.g.)

ccn://samsung.com/sait/mwjang/hsn/slides.ppt/v7/s3

• There is no universal naming rules (syntax and semantics) in CCN.CCN d t t diff t i h

App supplied name Version & segmentation

– CCN can adapt to may different naming schemes.

• CCN assumes only hierarchically structured names.

samsung.com

SAITMC LCD DMC

mwjang bjlee yskim

icce hsn fif

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ccn.jpg slides.ppt paper.doc

CCN walk through - BasicsCCN Interest ForwardingIP Packet Forwarding

ConsumerProducer

Data

ConsumerProducer

Interest

FIB

Ack Data

FIB

Content Store namedata

FIB

d t

name

data

src dst

dstsrc…

FIB

name* FIB: Forwarding Information Base

Content Storenamedata

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※ Source: Jacobson V., et al., “Content Centric Networking”, SAIT Talk, 2010

CCN walk through – Interest processingCCND checks first its content cache with a content request message received. If the requested contents exists, it directly returns the content.

Otherwise, CCND checks if the same messages exists in the PIT. If the same message exists, it adds the arrival interface to the existing PIT entry.

Otherwise, CCND forward the message to a selected interface by performing lookup of the message in the FIB

St tccn://samsung.com/mwjang/hsn.ppt/v3/s2

/samsung.com/mwjang/hsn.ppt/v3/s0

Name Data

…

Content StoreFace 0

Receive an Interest

Start

Prefix Requesting Face(s)

Pending Interest Table (PIT)Face1

Exist in Content Store?

Send data through the arrival face

Yes

No

Forwarding Information Base (FIB)

/samsung.com/mwjang/hsn.ppt/v3/s0 0/samsung.com/mwjang/hsn.ppt/v3/s2 0

Face 2Face(s)Name

Exist in PIT? Add the arrival face tothe existing PIT entry

Yes

No

0, 1Application

/samsung.com

Exist in FIB? Add a new PIT entry

Send the Interest throughNo

Yes

13KRNet 2011* CCND: CCN Daemon※ Source: Jacobson V., et al., “Networking Named Content”, CoNEXT 2009

gthe outgoing face

End

Summary - Key concept & challenges y y p g

• Name-based routingg– Anycast

: “network addressing and routing methodology in which d f i l d d hdatagrams from a single sender are routed to the topologically nearest node in a group of potential receivers all identified by the same destination address”

– Content name becomes network address for direct routing without resolution system

anycastmulticastunicast

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Summary - Key concept & challenges y y p g

• Naming– Library classification / ISBN– URL / URI / URN / Handles

E 164 h b / IP dd– E.164 phone numbers / IP addresses– DNS

• Flat vs Hierarchical• Flat vs. Hierarchical– TRIAD: hierarchical URL, DONA: flat, CCN: hierarchical,

agnostic

• ID & Locator separation issue • Perspectives workshop: Naming & Addressing in a p p g g

future Internet, 2009– IRTF RRG (Routing Research Group)

http://wwwdagstuhl de/de/programm/kalender/semhp/?semnr 09102– http://www.dagstuhl.de/de/programm/kalender/semhp/?semnr=09102

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Summary - Key concept & challenges y y p g

l b l• Scalability– flat namespace, routing table size, etc

S it• Security– how to trust cached contents– Global scale key management– Global scale key management

• Experimentation– naming convention combined with name-based routingnaming convention combined with name based routing– global scale key management

• Performance modeling and analysisg y– Information-theoretic framework:

point-to-point channel more focus on the role of memory

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Summary - Analytical modeling(an early attempt)(an early attempt)

• Network capacity/cost analysis of CCN caching effect

Minimize: ji

ijji

i cdf,

i : a set of locations at which facilities may be built

fi : cost to build the facility at id : demand of the node jdj : demand of the node jcij : distance between i and jdjcij : network bandwidth used

Average path length: 3 6

221 pxpy

no cache

length: 3.6

Coefficients (with 95% confidence bounds):

2822

212 qxqx

y

3.5 times increase of network bandwidth

p1 = 2822p2 = -1205q1 = 15.58q2 = -12.01

7 times increase of network bandwidth

Average path length: 1.1

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Moving forward – Revolutionary evolutiong y• Runs as an overlay on top of TCP/IP

- fast local caches with better security, ease of configuration, mobility

• Starts as connected islands - sparse at first but each new link adds value (incremental deployment)

• Moves to a dominant paradigm over timeMoves to a dominant paradigm over time

ApplicationCCN

ApplicationCCN

ApplicationCCN

ApplicationCCN

ApplicationCCN

ApplicationCCNCCN

TCP/IP

CCN

TCP/IP

CCN

TCP/IP

CCN

TCP/IP

CCN

TCP/IP

CCN

TCP/IP

CCN VPC

CCN VPCCCN IPTV

CCN Storage

CCN Enterprise

TCP/IPTCP/IP

CCN VPCCCN VPC

TCP/IP CCN VPC

CCN Enterprise

CCNTCP/IP

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2012 ~ 2013 2015 ~ 2017 2020 ~

Moving forward - IoTg• Core to edge, networked CE devices, IoT (Internet of

Thi )Things)• New communication paradigm with storage

l f h ll d t k ith bi it DTN– also for challenged networks with ubiquitous sensors, DTN– Energy-efficient networking technology

Infrastructure

Home

Enterprise

Infrastructure

Mobile

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