contents · 2013. 3. 8. · biannual short course training for officers of state user departments....

Contents

Preface

1 The Organization……………………………………………………………………… 1

1.1 Mandate………………………………………………………………..………… 1

1.2 Structural Set-up…………………………………………………………..…….. 2

1.3 Financial Management……………………………………………………...…… 2

2 Highlights (2010 – 11)…………………………………………………………………. 3

3 3. Facilities………………………………………………………………………………... 3

3.1 Remote Sensing Centre……………………………………………………..…… 3

3.2 Printing and Photography Cell…………………………………………….……. 5

3.3 Soil Laboratory…………………………………………………………..….…… 6

3.4 Cartographic Laboratory………………………………………………………… 6

3.5 Library………………………………………………………………..………….. 6

3.6 Documentation and User Services…………………………………..………….. 6

4 Programmes and Progress……………………………………………………………. 7

4.1 Soil and Land Resource Survey………………………………………..……….. 7

4.1.1 Rapid Reconnaissance Surveys (RRS)…………………………..……. 7

4.1.2 Detailed Soil Surveys (DSS)……………………………………….….. 8

4.1.3 Soil Resource Mapping (SRM) using Remote Sensing Technique....... 8

5 Publications……………………………………………………………………………. 9

5.1 Rapid Reconnaissance Survey Reports……………………………….…….….. 9

5.2 Detailed Soil Survey Reports………………………………………….….…….. 22

5.3 Soil Resource Mapping Reports………………………………………..………. 45

5.4 Impact Evaluation of Watershed Development Programme in Shifting

Cultivation areas of North Eastern States using Remote Sensing and GIS

Techniques - A case study of Kohima District, Nagaland………………………

57

6 Development of SLUSI Website.................................................................................... 64

7 Seminar, Symposium and Conference……………………………………………….. 66

8 Training organized………….………………………………………………………… 67

9 List of Officers during 2010-11……………………...………………….…………….. 68

1

1. The Organization

The Soil and Land Use Survey of India (SLUSI), an apex organization in the country

established in 1958 deals with soil survey and land resource mapping in the country. The

origin of the organization is from the All India Soil Survey Scheme that marked the

beginning of nationwide systematic soil survey in the country. It is a subordinate field

organization under Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture.

SLUSI is primarily engaged in conducting soil survey of different intensities in order to

provide scientific database for developmental programmes encompassing soil and water

conservation planning, watershed development, scientific land use planning etc. The database

generation of the organization commensurate with the requirement of soil and land use

information of various land based development programmes. The organization is well

equipped with modern facilities of soil analysis, cartography and air and space borne remote

sensing data interpretation laboratories.

It operates soil survey activities from Headquarters at New Delhi through seven centres

located at Noida, Kolkata, Nagpur, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Ranchi. The task

of development of digital spatial data base using GIS and RDBMS for both at catchment and

district level and image processing using Image Analysis System is dealt by Remote Sensing

Centre of the organization established in 1982. SLUSI has sanctioned staff strength of 448

comprising 40 Group “A”, 190 Group “B” and 218 Group “C” staff.

1.1. Mandate

The mandate of the organization is to provide detailed scientific database on soil and land

characteristics to the various State User Departments for watershed based soil and water

conservation planning and for natural resource management and development. The major

activities of the organization are as under.

Delineation and codification of watersheds up to microwatershed level on 1:50000

scale giving a unique national code to each microwatershed.

Development of platform free geospatial database for dissemination of state wise

microwatershed information to the local user and to upload the same in SLUSI’s Web

site.

Rapid reconnaissance survey on 1;50000 scale in the catchment areas including the

catchments of centrally sponsored River Valley Projects (RVPs) and Flood Prone

Rivers (FPRs) for prioritizing microwatersheds based on adjudged Sediment

Yield/Run-off Potential for planning soil conservation and integrated watershed

management programmes.

Detailed soil survey on 1:4000 to 1:15000 scale in high and very high priority

microwatersheds to provide a detailed scientific database for execution of soil

2

conservation measures and recommendations for sustainable agricultural development

consistent with soil and land characteristics and terrain features.

Land Degradation Mapping on 1:50000scale using Remote Sensing Technique, which

provide base line information of different types of degraded lands, with its severity

and showing their extent on map on district level.

Development and promotion of space borne remote sensing techniques by developing

applications in mapping and monitoring of soils, land use, land degradation, land

development programme, etc. and in identifying priority microwatersheds as well.

Development of digital map library for RVP/FPR catchments using GIS and RDBMS.

Development of Watershed, Land and Soil Information System for data banking using

GIS and RDBMS.

Documentation and updating of soil survey status of the country for providing

preview of the nation-wide availability of data to draw realistic balance sheets for soil

survey programs.

Consultancy projects related to watersheds prioritization, monitoring and evaluation

of the impact of watershed development, soil resource mapping and development of

digital soil data base using Remote Sensing and GIS.

Biannual Short Course Training for Officers of State User Departments.

1.2. Structural Set-up

The Chief Soil Survey Officer looks after the overall administrative and technical activities as

Head of the Department of the organization. He is assisted at the headquarters by one Senior

Soil Survey Officer and two Assistant Soil Survey Officers to operate various soil survey and

mapping activities of the organization.

A Soil Survey Officer with the support of Assistant Soil Survey Officers manages the

activities of all the seven centres of the organization as Head of the centre. Besides, an

Assistant Soil Chemist and a Cartography Officer assist the Head in managing the respective

sections at Noida, Kolkata, Bangalore and Nagpur centres.

The Chief Soil Survey Officer is also a National Project Director of the UNDP aided project

on Remote Sensing and GIS. Two Assistant Soil Survey Officers, a Computer Programmer

and a Printing Officer support him for application of remote sensing and GIS in developing

digital spatial data base and other activities of the Remote Sensing Centre.

1.3. Financial Management

The total expenditure for the year 2010-11 was Rs.1368.20 lakhs under Plan and Rs. 209.89

lakhs under Non-plan against approved budget of Rs. 1,503.00 lakhs and Rs. 213.00 lakhs,

respectively.

3

2. Highlights (2010 – 11)

The organization steps in the 53rd

year of soil survey activities in the country.

SLUSI has made significant progress, during the period, on prioritization of

watersheds in the catchment areas, detailed soil survey of selected watersheds, district

wise soil resource mapping on 1:50000 scale using remote sensing techniques,

consultancy projects and other scientific/ technical programmes for which the

organization is committed.

Keeping abreast with the advancement in the field of soil survey and mapping,

development of digital data base and hoisting of Web services, the organization has

reoriented its activities.

Infrastructure has been created at Ahmedabad, Hyderabad and Ranchi centres for

application of Remote Sensing and GIS in soil survey.

Rapid Reconnaissance Survey (RRS) for prioritisation of microwatersheds was

undertaken in RVP/FPR/Non-RVP catchments covering an area of 126.29 lakh ha,

which spread over Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Uttar

Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh during the year.

Detailed Soil Survey was carried out in selected priority subwatersheds of RVP/FPR

catchments covering an area of 2.325 lakh ha, which spread over Andhra Pradesh,

Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh. The data generated were

interpreted for scientific land use planning, irrigation development, crop suitability,

land and soil reclamation for the area and non-agricultural uses like forest

management, plantation, grassland development and engineering applications.

Soil Resource Mapping using Remote Sensing Technique on 1:50000 scale was

carried out in 26 districts spread over Andhra Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Assam,

Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Gujarat and West Bengal states of the country

covering an area of 126.02 lakh ha.

During the year under report, the results of surveys were published in 16 Soil Survey

Reports comprising 8 reports of Rapid Reconnaissance Survey, 6 reports of Detailed

Soil Survey, 2 reports of Soil Resource Mapping

3. Facilities

3.1. Remote Sensing Centre

The Remote Sensing Centre of Soil and Land Use Survey of India is located at C-4, Sector-1,

NOIDA. It has requisite infrastructure and equipment support for both visual and digital

image analysis of the remote sensing data and generation of spatial and non-spatial digital

database under GIS environment. The centre is equipped with a number of advanced

hardware and software. IRS and PAN Digital Data and False Colour Composites (FCC) paper

4

prints, covering major part of the country are available with the Remote Sensing Centre. The

major equipments procured to deal with development of spatial and non-spatial database and

updating with remote sensing techniques are listed below.

Hardware:

Computers and peripherals:

HP Desktop Workstation (High End) – 2

HP Desktop Workstation (Mid End) – 7

4TB NAS Drive Server – 1

HP PC – 4

Magellan Triton 500 GPS – 1

Scanners and Digitizer:

Context Colour Scanner – A0 size

HP Scanjet ADF Scanner – A4 Size

Printers:

HP 4000 Designjet Plotter in – A0 size

HP Colour Laser Jet 5550 dn – A3 size

HP DeskJet 1220C Printer – A3 size

HP Colour Laser Jet 2605 dn – A4 size

HP DeskJet 710C Printer – A4 size

HP LaserJet 6L Gold Printer – A4 size

HP Laserjet 3380 (printer-fax-scanner-copier)

Software:

ArcGIS 10 – 8 License (GIS software)

ERDAS Imagine 9.3 – 2 Licence (Digital Image Analysis Software)

Oracle 10g – 1 License (RDBMS software)

Windows XP, Windows 98

MS-Office – 2007

Under a collaborative project between DAC (SLUSI) and NIC for development of Digital

Spatial Data Base for GIS based applications under G2G domain for planning purposes and

hoisting of GIS based Web services, the following additional Hardware and Software has

been installed in the Remote Sensing Centre. Under Phase – III some additional hardware and

software has been also been added to the existing facilities including a 10 MBPS leased line

between SLUSI and NIC has also been set up by Railtel.

Hardware:

Wipro Desktop Server – 1

CISCO Router – 2821

5

Wipro Rack Server – 2

HCL PC – 4

Wipro PC – 8

Software:

Arc GIS 10 – 1 License

Arc View 9.3 – 3 License

ArcGIS Server 10 – 1 License

Landsat MSS/TM and IRS data in the form of computer compatible tapes (CCT), CD’s and

DVD’s, black and white imagery, False Colour Composites (FCC) paper prints,

covering major part of the country are available with the Remote Sensing Centre. Besides,

SAR data and simulated MOMS data for certain areas are stored in the centre. A library of

various image analysis routines, sub routines and programme of general utility is being

maintained at the centre.

3.2. Printing and Photography Cell

The Printing Cell is equipped with one Duplo digital printer model DP 43S of A3 size,

Digital printer model DP 3100 of B-4 size, Collator model DC-10, Spiral and Spico binding

Machines are functioning at the Headquarters. A Senior Photographic Assistant who is

assisted by one Photographic Assistant look after the activities of the Cell. The printing jobs

accomplished during the year are given below.

S.

No.

Printing Job Accomplished Total

Impression

1. Compendium on Soil & Land Resource Mapping for Integrated Watershed

Management for Gujarat.

24,000

2. Evaluation Study papers for SLRM for IWM venue at Vadodra, Gujarat. 240

3. Compendium on Soil and Land Resource Mapping for Integrated Watershed

Development.

64,260

4. Rapid Reconnaissance Survey Report No. Agri. 1423 5,650

5. Rapid Reconnaissance Survey Report No. Agri. 1422 8,800

6. Annual Report 2009-10 9,000

7. Agenda Notes for Annual Meeting of the Heads of SLUSI on February 24-

25, 2011

520

8. Minutes of the Annual Meeting of Heads of the Offices of all the Centres of

SLUSI held on 24th

& 25th

February, 2011.

560

9. Manual – The Right to Information Act, 2005 (Revised Edition) dated 8th

March, 2011.

570

Total 1,13,600

The photography cell is equipped with one Nikkon, one Yashika 35 mm camera and one

canon digital camera.

6

3.3. Soil Laboratory

Each Centre is well equipped with soil laboratory for analysis of soil and water samples to

support the field observations and supplement data for sound interpretation and

recommendations. The laboratory of each centre is managed by an Asstt. Soil Chemist

and/or other technical staff. Soil analysis comprising both physical and chemical parameters

is carried out in these laboratories for characterization of soils to derive interpretation

groupings for utility purposes besides soil classification, soil management and to understand

the development of soils.

3.4. Cartographic Laboratory

Cartographic Laboratory for preparation and reproduction of the maps exists in each centre of

the organization. The unit at each centre is under the charge of Cartography Officer/ Asstt.

Soil Survey Officer. The laboratory is equipped with an optical reflecting projector,

ammonia printing machine, NC scriber and Drafting table exist at each of the centres. Large

format optical enlarger having capability of 4 times enlargement accommodating 9″ x 9″

format has also been installed at Nagpur and Kolkata centre.

3.5. Library

A central library containing selected reference books, reports, reprints, bulletins and

periodicals relating to pedology, soil survey, soil conservation, remote sensing, office

procedures and other allied subjects has been established at the Headquarters of the

organization at New Delhi. Soil survey reports, project reports, bulletins and other regular

publications of the organization are available in the library for reference. Cataloguing,

documentation and dissemination of the literature is being looked after by an officer assisted

by technical staff.

Each centre maintains a library containing selected reference books on soil science, soil

survey, remote sensing and other allied disciplines. Copies of the soil survey reports and

other publications of Soil & Land Use Survey of India as well as those received from other

central and state organizations are available in these libraries.

3.6. Documentation and User Services

SLUSI publishes the results of various kinds of soil surveys and special projects in the form

of soil and land use survey reports and maps. So far, 1389 reports have been published by the

Organization, out of which 16 reports, covering 8 reports of Rapid Reconnaissance Survey, 6

reports of Detailed Soil Survey and 2 reports of Soil Resource Mapping.

These reports are made available to the user agencies of states and central departments,

agricultural Universities/ Institutions and related organizations for planning various

developmental programmes on soil and water conservation, water management, farm level

planning, land reclamation, etc.

7

4. Programmes and Progress

4.1 Soil and Land Resource Survey

The major activities of the organization include conducting various types of soil surveys

comprising mapping of soils and land use and preparation of soil survey reports for research

and development programmes. Other activities include special surveys of degraded lands,

waterlogged areas, remote sensing application studies and soil and land resources data

management at national level. Details on progressive achievements made on various kinds of

soil survey and mapping are furnished in Tables 1-3.

4.1.1 Rapid Reconnaissance Surveys (RRS): In view of the vast areas of catchments

involved in planning and implementation of soil conservation/integrated watershed

development programmes against limited manpower, expertise and finance available, a

selective approach of confining treatments in the more vulnerable areas at the first instance

has been conceptualized, SLUSI has developed a methodology for prioritization of

microwatersheds based on computation of Sediment Yield Index (SYI) and Run-off Potential

Index (RPI) for each microwatershed within RVP and FPR catchments respectively. The

achievements under rapid reconnaissance survey are given in Table 1.

Table 1: Achievements under Rapid Reconnaissance Survey during 2010-11

(Area in lakh ha)

S. No. Catchment State Area

1. Sutlej (1A1), Beas (1B1), Ravi (1C1) and

Middle Ganga (2B3)

Punjab, Himachal Pradesh

and Uttar Pradesh

20.41

2. 3A1E 1-9 Assam and West Bengal 6.00

3. 3B2A 8-9 Assam and Meghalaya 2.03

4. 3C1A 1-7 Meghalaya 4.34

5. 3B1A 1-6 Assam and Meghlaya 4.20

6. 3B1C 1(P), 2(P), 3(P), 4(P), 5,6 & 7(P) Meghalaya 2.51

7. 3C1B1-6 Meghalaya 2.80

8. 3C2A1-5 Assam and Meghalaya 3.31

9. 3C1C1-3 Meghalaya 2.54

10. 3C2C1 (P), 4,5(P) & 6(P) Assam & Meghalaya 3.04

11. 3A5A1-5 Assam 3.65

12. 3A4A4-7 Assam & Arunachal Pradesh 3.16

13. Godavari 4E1A,B,D,G & E Andhra Pradesh 33.75

14. 4F1A,B,C,D & E Andhra Pradesh & Orissa 10.00

15. 5H1A & B Gujarat 15.00

16. Mahanadi (Left Bank from Katak to

Hirakud Dam 4G1D1-6)

Orissa 2.75

17. Mahanadi (Right Bank from Tel

Confluence with Mahanadi to Undora

Orissa 6.80

Total 126.29

8

4.1.2. Detailed Soil Surveys (DSS): Detailed Soil Surveys of medium intensity is

undertaken in very high and high priority subwatersheds identified in RVP/FPR catchments

to generate basic data on soil and land characteristics needed for planning and

implementation of soil conservation and integrated watershed management programmes.

Detailed Soil Surveys of medium to high intensity are undertaken in other areas to generate

detailed database on soil and land characteristics for planning and implementation of

agricultural and non-agricultural development programmes and for development of scientific

land use planning. In addition, these surveys provide information on spatial distribution of

soils in the form of maps and utilitarian interpretations or urban and rural land use planning,

irrigation development, land reclamation planning, engineering applications, etc. The

achievements under detailed soil survey are given in Table 2.

Table 2: Achievement under Detailed Soil Survey during 2010-11

(Area in lakh ha)

S. No. Catchment State Area

1. Ken FPR Madhya Pradesh 0.660

2. Nagarjunasagar Karnataka 0.920

3. Narmada Madhya Pradesh 0.260

4. Kurnool Andhra Pradesh 0.160

5. Sabarmati 5F1B1q1 & q2 Gujarat 0.096

6. Sabarmati 5F1B3b2, f1 & d1 Gujarat 0.089

7. Lower Rapti 2B1C7q1, q2, r1, s1,

s2, t2, u2 & w2

Uttar Pradesh 0.140

Total 2.325

4.1.3 Soil Resource Mapping (SRM) using Remote Sensing Technique: Soil resource of

any region is vital to mankind for very existence. Accurate information on nature extent and

potential of soil resources is, therefore, essential for optimal utilization of the soil resources

for sustenance. The techniques of gathering soil information have improved over the period

of time commensurate with the advancement of remote sensing and information technology

with continual reduction of time and manpower required for ground surveys. The details are

provided in Table 3.

Table 3: Achievements under Soil Resource Mapping during 2010-11

(Area in lakh ha)

S. No. State District Area

1. Assam Kokrajhar 3.16

Dhubri 2.79

Nagaon 4.10

Marigaon 1.70

2. Meghalaya East Garo 2.60

South Garo 1.84

West Khasi 5.24

Jayantiya 3.81

9

S. No. State District Area

3. Sikkim Sikkim (Part) 2.00

4. Nagaland Nagaland (Part) 4.00

5. West Bengal Murshidabad 5.30

Hooghly 3.14

Birbhum 4.50

6. Andhra Pradesh Cuddapah 8.00

Chittoor 15.50

East Godavari 10.80

Ranga Reddy 7.49

West Godavari 3.00

7. Gujarat Sabarkantha 7.39

Ahmedabad 8.70

Mehsana 4.39

Gandhinagar 0.65

8. Uttarakhand Nainital 3.86

Chamoli 8.03

Bageshwar 2.25

Champawat 1.77

Total 126.02

The activities under the resources surveys are briefly discussed below for the benefits of the

users.

Publications

5.1 Rapid Reconnaissance Survey Reports

Report No. Agri. 1373: Report on Demarcation of Priority Microwatrsheds of 2C3A1-5

watersheds in 2C3A (Pahuj) subcatchment of 2C3 (Sindh Kunwari) Catchment of Yamuna

Basin, Districts Datia, Gwalior, Bhind, Shivpuri & Tikamgarh of Madhya Pradesh and Jhansi

& Jalaun districts of Uttar Pradesh.

The report covers an area of 4,07,788 ha. The survey area forms a part of Sindh Kunwari

Catchment of Yamuna Basin spreading over Bhind, Datia, Gwalior, Shivpuri & Tikamgarh

districts of Madhya Pradesh and Jhansi & Jaula districts of Uttar Pradesh. Geographically the

survey area lies between 25° 15′ to 26° 26′ North Latitude and 78° 15′ to 79° 13′ East

Longitude and is covered by Survey of India Topsheet No. 54J/12, 54K/5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13,

14, 54N/3, 4 and 54O/1.

Physiographically, the survey area comes under Bundelkhand Plateau of Central India. The

important features of Bundelkhand topography is its smooth and undulating character and

entire region is marked by subdued topography that tends to grade into a level plain towards

north. The northern plain area is monotonously flat and commonly known as Trans-Yamuna

plain and stands in strong contrast with undulating peneplain with scattered hills and hillocks

towards south. The segments of landscape, classified in the survey area are as follows (i)

10

Denudational hills (ii) Subdued hills/ Foot hill slope (iii) Gently sloping to undulating

peneplain (iv) Alluvium plain/ Flood plain & (v) Ravines.

Two main geological systems represented in the survey area namely (i) Bundelkhand granite

complex of Archean system (ii) Quarternary alluvium of recent deposits. Archean system is

represented by Bundelkhand granite complex which is largely composed of coarse to fine

grained granite gneiss and these constitute of Pahuj formation.

The climate of the area is semi-arid type having hot and dries in summer and cold in winter

season. The average annual rainfall is 876 mm of which about 90% falls between middle of

June to September and mean annual temperature is 24.5 °C. The mean maximum and mean

minimum varies widely which are 33.9 °C and 15.1 °C respectively. The area remains dry

for more than 90 cumulative days and qualified for ‘Ustic’ moisture regime except in nearly

level to level low land area where ‘Aquic’ moisture regime is predominant. The difference

between the mean summer (29.0 °C) and mean winter temperature (18.4 °C) is greater that 5

°C which indicates the area is under ‘Hyperthermic’ temperature regime.

The soils of the area show marked variation depending upon their geographical location and

parent material. Besides this, climate and vegetation played an active role in the formation of

the soils. The soil formation of the very gently to undulating peneplain and alluvial plain

appears to be comparatively rapid under prevailing climate condition. Weathering and

leaching are so intensive that the soils developed in this region are mostly deep to very deep

except in the valley terrain. In situ soils are restricted to hilly terrain and peneplain area while

transported soils occurs in the alluvial/flood plain area.

The southern tract of the subcatchment is gently to undulating type with open scrub and stony

rocky phases, degraded forest and poor in fertility. The general agriculture of this tract is of

very low order. The difficult terrain coupled with low fertility and water scaricities are the

main factor responsible for low productivity. On contrary the northern part of the catchment

is intensively cultivated. The predominant crops grown are wheat, gram, jowar, pulses like

arhar, lentil, oil seeds like mustard and til. In Bundelkhand peniplain, rainfed agriculture is

predominatly practiced. In kharif season mainly jowar is grown and in rabi season wheat,

mustard, vegetables, etc. are being grown. A large area comes under culturable waste and

fallow lands.

Priority Categories of Microwatersheds

S. No. Priority Category No. of Microwatersheds Area in ha Percentage

1. Very High 36 21,301 5.22

2. High 97 65,286 16.01

3. Medium 164 1,01,857 24.98

4. Low 315 2,15,409 52.82

5. Very low 4 3,935 0.97

Grand Total 616 4,07,788 100.00

11

District-wise Distribution of Priority Area

State District Full/

Part

Very

High

High Medium Low Very Low Total

No

. o

f M

WS

Are

a

No

. o

f M

WS

Are

a

No

. o

f M

WS

Are

a

No

. o

f M

WS

Are

a

No

. o

f M

WS

Are

a

No

. o

f M

WS

Are

a

Madhya

Pradesh

Bhind Full 2 1,165 6 3,533 21 14,182 40 27,567 - - 69 46,447

Part 3 1,835 13 4,281 13 2,876 18 6,203 - - 47 15,195

Datia Full 4 2,625 9 7,998 33 22,939 100 68,626 - - 146 1,02,188

Part 5 1,609 12 4,370 8 3,764 44 16,522 - - 69 26,265

Gwalior Full - - 3 1,425 22 12,306 43 28,144 - - 68 41,875

Part - - 3 707 10 2,212 50 16,780 - - 63 19,699

Shivpuri Full - - 2 1,576 - - - - 1 1,162 3 2,738

Part 5 1,246 11 3,665 3 303 - - 1 374 20 5,588

Tikamgarh Full - - - - - - - - - -

Part - - 1 376 - - - - - - 1 376

Uttar

Pradesh

Jalaun Full 2 1,208 21 10,952 28 15,753 23 17,224 - - 74 45,137

Part 3 125 11 2,819 14 4,387 6 1,584 - - 34 8,915

Jhansi Full 20 11,397 27 18,709 33 21,325 44 28,705 2 1,205 126 81,341

Part 2 91 11 4,875 8 1,810 14 4,054 1 1,194 36 12,024

Report No. Agri. 1389: Report on Demarcation of Priority Microwatrsheds of Leini and

Teju Watersheds (FPR) in Senapati and Ukhrul Districts of Manipur and Phek, Tuensang and

Zunheboto Districts of Nagaland.

The report covers an area of 2,18,013 ha under Leini and Teju watersheds which spread over

Senapati and Ukhrul district of Manipur and Tuensang, Phek and Zunheboto districts of

Nagaland. The surveyed area is situated between 25° 5′ 30″ to 26° 13′ North Latitude and 94°

17′ to 94° 45′ 30″ East Longitudes covered by Survey of India Toposheet No. 83J/12, 83K/5,

6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

Physiographically, the survey area can be grouped into four divisions namely i.e. Hill tops,

Mountain side slopes, Piedmont plains and Fluvo-colluvial intermontane narrow valleys. The

relief of the survey area mostly comes under excessive relief. The elevation of the mountains

terrain of Leini and Teju watersheds ranges from 544 m to 2841 m above msl.

Geologically, the survey area is located in the north-east extension of the Arkan Yoma ranges

which are of Tertiary Cretaceous age and belong to a young belt of earth. The parent material

sequence is of the geo-synclinal fecies and represented by the Disang group, Borail group,

Surma and Tipam group, Wasang beds and the Dihing group. The Disang group of rocks

12

includes splintery nodular shale, hard and compact with or without siltstone/fine grained

sandstone. The Borail group of rocks includes alternate unites of sandstone and shale.

The climate of the area ranges from sub-humid to sub-temperate depending on the altitude of

the catchment area which varies from 200 m to 38126 m above mean sea level. The climate

of the area have three distinct seasons viz. summer, monsoon and winter. The mean summer

temperature is 20 °C and means winter temperature is 12.3 °C. The difference between the

mean summer and mean winter temperature is 7.7 °C. However, the difference between mean

summer temperature and mean winter temperature is more than 5 °C. Hence soil temperature

regime is “thermic” in higher elevations and “hyperthermic” in lower elevations bordering

Assam.

The soil of the area show marked variability depending upon their geo-physical position and

parent material from which they have developed. Climate and vegetation played an active

role in the formation of the soils in such high relief area. In-warm and humid climate, the

weathering & leaching are so intensive that the soils developed are deep and acidic in

reaction. Sedentary or in-situ soils are observed in the mountainous/ hilly terrain while

transported soils in the valley area are commonly found.

Agriculture is the main source of livelihood. The hilly/mountainous land suffers from low

productivity due to adverse topographical situation, high run-off and non availability of

proper irrigation facilities etc. In the hilly region of leini and Teju watersheds, “shifting

cultivation” popularly known as “jhum” is practiced extensively by tribal families or Jhumia

families during monsoon leading to degradation of soil and land as well. Agriculture is the

most important activity in the survey area which occupies 68.03% of the working force.

Besides agriculture, people engaged themselves in weaving, black smithy and other

handicrafts to meet their daily requirements during off-season but not much of commercial

purpose. In the jhum land and terraced slope, mixed cropping is practiced and crops like

paddy, maize, millets, chillies etc. are grown.


S.

No.

Priority Category No. of

Microwatersheds

Area in ha Percentage

1. Very High 41 34,430 15.79

2. High 104 93,640 42.95

3. Medium 81 76,745 35.20

4. Low 14 13,198 6.06

Grand Total 240 2,18,013 100.00

13


S.

No.

Priority

Category

Nagaland Manipur Total %

Ph

ek

Tu

ensa

ng

Zu

nh

ebo

to

To

tal

%

Uk

hru

l

Sen

ap

ati

To

tal

%

1. Very

High

1,639 1,095 12,158 14,892 10.8 13,520 6,599 45,183 32.4 35,011 16.1

2. High 11,718 5,713 30,818 48,249 34.9 29,684 15,499 12,519 9.0 93,432 42.9

3. Medium 45,263 1,722 16,868 63,853 46.1 5,254 7,265 1,872 1.4 76,372 35.0

4. Low 10,345 - 981 11,326 8.2 1,872 - 79,693 57.2 13,198 6.0

Grand Total 68,965 8,530 60,825 1,38,320 100.0 50,330 29,363 1,39,267 100.0 2,18,013 100.0

Report No. Agri. 1419: Report on prioritization of Microwatersheds of 3C3A subcatchment

of Gumti RVP catchment (3C3A 6 watershed) of Brahmaputra Basin, Districts South Tripura

and Dhalai of Tripura.

The survey area forms a part of Gumti catcment of Brahmaputra Basin covering an area of

58,056 ha spreading over South Tripura, Dhalai district of Tripura, lies between 91° 44′ 30″

to 91° 58″ East Longitudes and 23° 21′ to 23° 42′ North Latitude and is covered by Survey of

India toposheet No. 79 M/10, 14 & 15.

Physiographically, the catchment area is a land of high hills, hillocks inter-spreads with rivers

and valleys. A series of hill ranges running through north and south divide the state into

broad parallel valleys, consisting of undulating to rolling tillas/hillocks. There are three hill

ranges in the catchment i.e. the South Baramura, Deotamura and Atharamura hill ranges.

Geologically, the area is represented by sedimentary rock which range in age from Miocene

to loosely consolidated sediments of recent age. The rocks are sandstone, siltstone and shales

grading into clay. These rock types are repeated as layers one above the other. Depending on

their mineralogical character and the presence of fossils, these sedimentary rock sequences

are divided into Surma group, Tipam group and the Dupitila group. The nature of grains and

the texture imprinted on these rocks, it is inferred that originally the sediments were

deposited in the sea and later converted in to rock.

Climatically, the climate of area is humid sub-tropical characterized by high rainfall. The

average annual rainfall ranges from 2317 mm to 2523 mm. The humidity ranges from 42-

100%. The summer temperature ranges from 27.7 °C to 28.0 °C where as mean winter

temperature varies from 17.5 °C to 21.5 °C. The difference between the mean summers and

mean winter temperature is greater than 6 °C. Thus, the soil temperature regime, is

“hyperthermic”. The average rainfall of South Tripura is 2231.5 mm. The soil moisture

regime may be presumed as “Udic”.

14

The soils of the area show marked variation depending upon their geographic condition and

parent material. Besides this, climate and vegetation played an active role in the formation of

the soils. In situ soils are restricted to hilly terrain and undulating and rolling areas while

transported soils found in the alluvial plain. The soils of the catchment may be classified into

three broad soil groups i.e. Forest and Hill soil, Red and Yellow soil and Alluvial soil.

The major land use and land cover categories identified within the study area are forest,

normal agriculture land and Jhum land. About 58% area of the state is occupied by forest

followed by net area shown. The valley land locally known as “Lunga” is well suited for

common agricultural crops mainly paddy, while the high lands locally called as “Tilla” are fit

for plantation crops but are often used for shifting cultivation.


S.

No.


Microwatersheds


1. Very High 26 15,920 27.42

2. High 14 9,871 17.00

3. Medium 21 14,300 24.63

4. Low 25 17,204 29.64

5. Very Low 1 761 1.31

Grand Total 87 58,056 100.00

Districtwise Distribution of Priority Area

S.

No.

Priority

Category

No. of

Microwatersheds

District Total

Area

%

Dhalai South Tripura

1. Very High 26 8,131 7,789 15,920 27.42

2. High 14 6,094 3,777 9,871 17.0

3. Medium 21 12,706 1,594 14,300 24.63

4. Low 25 15,791 1,413 17,204 29.64

5. Very Low 1 761 - 761 1.31

Total 87 43,483 14,573 58,056 100.00

Report No. Agri. 1421: Report on Prioritization of Microwatersheds in 2A2C Sub-

catchment (Rupnarayan River) of 2A2 Catchment, East and West Medinipur, Hugli, Haora

and Barddhaman districts of West Bengal.

The report covers an area of 1,55,745 ha which falls in the East and West Medinipur, Hugli,

Haora and Barddhaman districts of West Bengal. The area is situated between 21° 01′ to 23°

08′ North Latitude and 87° 34′ to 88° 12′ East Longitudes and covered by Survey of India

toposheet Nos. 79B/3, 4, 73M/16, 73N/10, 11, 13, 14, 15 & 16.

Physiographically, the survey area represents remnant of Alluvial plains comprising of

Recent and Old Genetic Alluvial Plain. The major rivers of the survey area are Palaspui and

15

Mundeswar which also drained in Rupnarayan River. The most spectacular feature in the

drainage pattern is sub-parallel to parallel.

Geologically, the survey area is a part of alluvial and deltaic deposits of Quaternary period.

These Quaternary sediments have been sub divided into two main groups namely i) Recent to

Sub-recent – Newer Alluvium, ii) Pleistocene – Older Alluvium.

The climate of the survey area experiences a hot and monsoonal climate. It is defined as sub-

humid tropic with three well distinct seasons i.e. summer, monsoon and winter in succession.

The average annual rainfall and temperature in the area are 1699 mm and 26.5°C

respectively. The mean maximum and mean minimum temperature of the

watersheds/catchment area are 32.0°C and 21.2°C respectively. The temperature data revels

that the difference between mean summer and mean winter air temperature is 8.2°C which is

used to assume the soil temperature class as “Hyperthermic”.

The area is characterized by recent to sub recent and old alluvial plain. Rupnarayan and its

tributaries play vital role in transporting and depositing the alluvial materials. The frequent

flooding in the area leads to the formation of immature, irregular stratification of soil profile.

The soils of the flood plain are very deep, coarse silty to fine silty texture having imperfectly

drainage condition while riverine soils have immature soil profile development with very

deep coarse loamy to coarse silty texture.

Agriculture is the main and principal source of livelihood for the people in the area.

However, collection of Sal leaves from the forest and selling it in the local market as addition

income. Lands on favourable slope with proper bunding and terracing are extensively

cultivated for paddy in winter and summer. Wheat, mung, til, potato are also grown in the

uplands, riverside, homestead areas during rabi season.


S.

No.


Microwatersheds


1. High 27 20,773 13.34

2. Medium 166 1,34,140 86.13

3. Low 2 832 0.53

Grand Total 195 1,55,745 100.00


S.

No.

Priority

Category

District Total

Area

%

Baddhaman East Medinipur Haora Hugli West Medinipur

1. High 7,772 5,580 2,238 - 5,183 20,773 13.34

2. Medium 7,522 64,977 33,769 24,592 3,280 1,34,140 86.13

3. Low - - - 832 - 832 0.53

Grand Total 15,294 70,557 36,007 25,424 8,463 1,55,745 100.00

16

Report No. Agri. 1422: Report on Reprioritization of Microwatersheds of Chambal RVP

Catchment (Part of 2D4 Catchment), Dhar, Indore, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Ratlam and Ujjain

districts, Madhya Pradesh and Chittaurgarh district, Rajasthan.

The report covers an area of 12,14,689 ha situated in Chambal RVP Catchment and falls

within the administrative jurisdiction of Dhar, Indore, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Ratlam and

Ujjain districts of Madhya Pradesh and Chittaurgarh district of Rajasthan. Geographically,

the area lies between 22° 28′ to 24° 38′ North Latitude and 74° 49′ to 75° 42′ East Longitude

covered by Survey of India toposheet Nos. 45L/14, 15, 45P/2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 46I/13,

14, 46M/1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 46N/1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 & 11.

Physiographically, the survey area has been grouped into eight major landforms i.e. hills,

Sub-dued hills, Plateaus, Pediments, Plain lands, Ravinous lands, Valleys & Stream banks.

Geologically, the survey area falls into four geological formations i.e. Alluvium, Basalt,

Laterite and Sandstone shale complex. Baslatic landscape is occupying major portion of the

survey area. Central and southern part of survey area is made up of Basalt only. Basalt is gray

to dark gray in colour and exhibit typical spheroidal weathering. Sandstone and its complex

are identified in the northern portion of survey area near Gandhisagar dam and along the

watershed boundary in the northwest part of survey area. Sandstone is quite hard, compact

and pinkish in colour. Laterites are identified mostly in northwest part of survey area in

patches. Alluvium is occupying all along streams in linear patches throughout the survey

area.

The climate of the area is monsoonic in nature. The temperature data denotes that the area

experiences warm, semi humid to semi arid climate during the year. The mean maximum

temperature of 32.5 °C to 37.0 °C and mean minimum temperature of 16.9 °C to 18.1 °C is

experienced in the survey area. The area experienced a main annual temperature of 25.1 °C to

27.0°C. The mean annual soil temperature is more than 22 °C. Mean summer soil

temperature is 26.4 °C to 30.1 °C and mean winter soil temperature is 20.8 °C and the

difference between mean summer and mean winter soil temperature is less than 5 °C. Hence

the soil temperature regime is “hyperthermic”.

Parent material, relief, climate and vegetation have played an important role in the

development of soils of the area. Genetically, soils of the area are grouped into two

categories based on their place and mode of development/formation as insitu soils and

alluvial soils. Insitu soils extend over an area of 9,98,108 ha (82.17%) while alluvial soils

extend over an area of 1,97,405 ha (16.25%).

Agriculture is mainly prevalent throughout the area, while forest is mainly restricted to

northern and southern portion, except for few small patches here and there. Open scrub and

grasses are scattered over the area. Nearly 74.44% of the total area is under agriculture,

22.07% under open scrubs and grasses, 1.91% under forest and remaining 1.58% area is

under miscellaneous. There are mainly two crop seasons viz. kharif and rabi in the survey

area. Kharif begins with onset of monsoon and crops are harvested by the end of September

17

and October. Jowar, urad, moong, til and paddy are the main crops grown in the area during

the kharif season. Wheat, barley, mustard, gram, potatoes, etc. are the crops grown during

the rabi season.


S.

No.


Microwatersheds


1. Very High 25 18,051 1.49

2. High 32 22,954 1.89

3. Medium 177 1,25,169 10.30

4. Low 466 3,38,794 27.89

5. Very Low 970 7,09,721 58.43

Grand Total 1,670 12,14,689 100.00


S.

No.

Priority

Category

Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh Total

Area

%

Ch

itta

urg

arh

Dh

ar

Ind

ore

Man

dsa

ur

Nee

mu

ch

Ratl

am

Ujj

ain

1. Very High 3,178 183 3,683 4,484 4,459 1,468 596 18051 1.49

2. High 2,593 - 1,025 9,399 3,945 4,853 1,139 22,954 1.89

3. Medium 6,882 837 3,612 40,334 19,791 39,420 14,473 1,25,169 10.30

4. Low 18,308 9,286 8,681 1,06,182 60,860 84,077 51,400 3,38,794 27.89

5. Very Low 68,240 1,49,880 47,604 1,03,,254 84,828 1,11,600 1,44,315 7,09,721 58.43

Grand Total 99,201 1,60,186 64,605 2,63,653 1,73,883 2,41,238 2,11,923 12,14,689 100.00

Report No. Agri. 1423: Report on Demarcation of Priority Microwatersheds of 2C3E

Subcatchment of Sindh Kuanwari FPR Catchment, Bhind, Gwalior, Morena, Sheopur and

Shivpuri districts, M.P., Etawah and Jalaun districts, U.P.

The report covers an area of 7,16,548 ha and area is a part of Sindh Kuanwari complex FPR

Catchment and falls within the administrative jurisdiction of Bhind, Gwalior, Morena,

Sheopur and Shivpuri districts, M.P., Etawah and Jalaun districts, U.P. lies between 25° 39′

to 26° 47′ North Latitude and 77° 11′ to 79° 13′ East Longitudes covered by Survey of India

toposheet Nos. 54F/7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 54G/1, 5, 6, 9, 13, 54J/1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15

& 54N/2, 3.

Physiographically, the survey area has been grouped into six major landforms i.e. hills,

Alluvial Plain, Plateau Plain, Stream banks, Ravinous lands and Valleys. Relief of the hilly

area is excessive to very excessive whereas the plain area has normal to subnormal relief. The

18

altitude/ height of the area gradually increases from east to west and reaches maximum height

in the western portion of surveyed area and as a result the slope and general direction of flow

of river Kuanwari is from west to east. The minimum and maximum altitude of the area is

180 m to 440 m above mean sea level respectively.

The principal geological formations of the survey area are Alluvium and Sandstone shale

complex. Alluvium landscape is occupying major portion of the survey area. Sandstone shale

complex are identified in the area. Sandstone is quite hard, compact and pinkish in colour.

The landscapes have given n rise to soils of the area.

The climate of the area is monsoonic in nature. On an average, the area receives an annual

rainfall of 796 mm. Mean maximum temperature of 36.8 °C and mean minimum temperature

of 14.9 °C is experienced in the survey area. The mean annual soil temperature is more than

22 °C. Mean soil summer temperature is 31.2 °C and mean winter soil temperature is 16.8 °C

and the difference between mean summer and mean winter soil temperature is less than 5 °C.

Hence the soil temperature regime is “hyperthermic”.

Genetically, soils of the area are grouped into two categories based on their place and mode

of development/formation as in situ soils and alluvial soils. Insitu soils extend over an area of

2,80,965 ha (39.21%) while alluvial soils extend over an area of 4,24,280 ha (59.21%).

Relief, climate and vegetation have played an important role in the development of soils of

the area.

Nearly 3,65,409 ha area of the total area is under agriculture. Rainfed as well as irrigated

agriculture is practiced in the area. Rainfed agriculture is practiced in an area of 1,25,641 ha

(17.53%), while irrigated agriculture is practiced in an area of 2,39,768 ha (33.46%) which is

through canal, reservoir, tanks and bore wells. 1,83,324 ha area (25.59%) under open scrubs

and grasses, 1,56,512 ha area (21.84%) under forest and remaining 11,303 ha area (1.58%) is

under miscellaneous land use. There are mainly two crop seasons viz. Kharif and Rabi in the

survey area. Kharif begins with onset of monsoon and crops are harvested by the end of

September and October. Jowar, urad, moong, til and paddy are the main crops grown in the

area during the Kharif seasons. Wheat, barley, mustard, gram, potatoes, etc are the crops

grown during the Rabi seasons.


S. No. Priority Category No. of Microwatersheds Area (ha) Percentage

1. Very High 247 1,62,984 22.75

2. High 378 2,65,441 37.04

3. Medium 185 1,34,958 18.83

4. Low 196 1,53,165 21.38

Grand Total 1,006 7,16,548 100.00

19


S.

No.

Priority

Category

Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Total

Area

%

Bhind Gwalior Morena Sheopur Shivpuri Etawah Jalaun

1. Very High 15,924 55,485 70,708 11,495 - 9,057 315 162,984 22.75

2. High 31,438 35,439 1,02,559 74,855 18,180 2,970 - 265,441 37.04

3. Medium 23,748 6,235 94,750 10,225 - - - 134,958 18.83

4. Low 54,739 7,222 89,603 1,601 - - - 153,165 21.38

Grand Total 1,25,849 1,04,381 3,57,620 98,176 18,180 12,027 315 7,16,548 100.00

Report No. Agri. 1425: Report on Demarcation of Priority Microwatersheds of 4H3D

Subcatchment (Subarnarekha Catchment), East and West Medinipur districts of West Bengal

and Balasore district of Orissa.

The report covers an area of 2,40,142 ha falling in the East and West Medinipur districts of

West Bengal and Balasore district of Orissa The area lies between 21° 33′ to 22° 06′ North

Latitudes and 87° 20′ to 88° 03′ East Longitudes and covered by Survey of India toposheet

Nos. 79B/4, 79C/1, 79N/12, 16, 79O/5, 6, 9, 10, 13 & 14.

Physiographically, the area forms of a part of lower Gangetic to Subarnrekha plains. Some

part is also coming under Coastal Alluvium & Aeolian landscape. The average lowest

elevation of the plain is 20 m and highest elevation is 120 m above msl. The main tributaries

of the subcatchment are Rasulpur, Pichhabani, Ramnagar Khal and Sarpai river flowing

towards west to south direction and ultimately meet with Bay of Bengal. The drainage pattern

is parallel to sub-parallel.

Geologically, the subcatchment is covered by alluvial and deltaic deposits of Quarternary

period. These Quaternary sediments are Recent to Sub recent, comprising recent Allvium and

old alluvium of Pleistocene age. The alluvium of sub recent to recent periods developed by

sediment deposition of the river Subaranrekha and its tributaries. Secondly, a part of the area

developed by sediments deposition of the sea, Bay of Bengal and it identified as coastal

Alluvium and Aeolian.

The climate of the area is sub-humid tropic with three distinct seasons namely summer,

monsoon and winter. The mean annual temperature is 26.1 °C with mean maximum air

temperature 30.9 °C and mean minimum air temperature 21.3 °C. Maximum temperature and

minimum temperature are 34.1°C and 11.8 °C recorded during the month May and January,

respectively. The average annual rainfall of the area is 1844.12 mm. The difference between

mean summer and mean winter air temperature is more than 5 °C which indicates the soil

temperature regime as “hyperthermic”.

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the region where both kharif and rabi

cropping are practiced. The principal crops of kharif season are paddy, sugarcane, jute, maize

kalai tie, etc. In rabi season, paddy, wheat, pulses, oilseeds vegetables such as potato, brinjal,

cauliflower, chills, etc. are grown.

20



1. High 52 47,396 19.74

2. Medium 224 1,92,089 79.99

3. Low 1 657 0.27

Grand Total 277 2,40,142 100.00

District wise Distribution of Priority Area

S.

No.

Priority

Category

Status Orissa West Bengal Area %

Balasaur East Medinipur West Medinipur

No. of

MWS

Area No. of

MWS

Area No. of

MWS

Area

1. High Full - - 52 47,396 - - 47,396 19.74

Part - - - - - - -

2. Medium Full 4 4,728 199 1,68,698 9 7,611 1,81,037 79.99

Part 2 725 12 5,908 10 4,419 11,052

3. Low Full - - 1 657 - - 657 0.27

Part - - - - - - -

Grand Total 5,453 2,22,659 12,030 24,01,421 100.00

Report No. Agri. 1426: Report on Prioritization of Microwatersheds of 3A1B (1-4), 3A1C

(1-8) and 3A1D 4 (Part) watersheds of Tista RVP Catchment of Brahmaputra Basin (Right

Bank), Districts East, West, South and North of Sikkim and Darjeeling district of West

Bengal.

The report covers an area of 7,81,423 ha and forms a part of Tista RVP Catchment of

Brahmaputra Basin spread over East, West, South and North district of Sikkim and

Darjeeling district of West Bengal lies between 88° 0′ to 88° 55′ Eest Longitudes and 27° 05′

to 28° 09′ North Latitude covered by Survey of India toposheet Nos. 77D/8, 12, 16, 78A/1, 2,

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 & 16.

The physiographic divisions of Darjeeling district are well marked with the tremendous

variation in the range of altitude. Geographically, the Darjeeling district has two fasic

features; the Terai, which is a low-lying belt comprising large number of rivers and streams

with the height of 300 ft above msl and the mountains ranging from 6000 ft to 10000 ft height

above msl. Sikkim, being a part of inner mountain ranges of Himalayas, is mountainous with

varied elevation ranging from 300 m to 8598 m above msl.

Geologically, the Darjeeling District, the Pre-Cambrian are represented by the Darjeeling

Gneiss, Lingtse Gneiss and Daling group of rocks. The Darjeeling Gneiss is, in general, a

migmatitic banded gneiss containing enclaves of high grade schist represented by garnet

staurolite-kyanite-mica schist, calc-silicate rocks, amphibole and graphite schist. The Sikkim

21

state is mostly covered by Precambrain metamorphites of low to medium grade (Daling

group), high grade gneisses, (Darjeeling gneiss and Kanchenjunga gneiss), Chunthang

formation (quartzite, calc. silicate rocks, marbles, graphite, schist’s and occasionally

amphibolites) with intrusive granites (Lingtse granite-gneiss) and phanerezoic rocks

including Gandwana and Tethyan sedimentaries. The palacozic and Mesozoic (Tethyan)

sequence in the north eastern and north western part of Sikkim and fossiliferrous.

Climattically, Darjeeling experiences three main seasons throughout the year namely winter,

summer and monsoonic. Darjeeling experiences very heavy rainfall annually. The average

rainfall is 2990.7 mm. The mean maximum temperature is 11.10 °C and means minimum

temperature is 1.70 °C. The climate of Sikkim is extremely varied, largely due to variation in

altitude. Sikkim has a Himalayan type or high mountain type of climate. The climate of the

state has been roughly divided into tropical, temperate and alpine zones. The average annual

precipitation is 3273 mm and maximum in the month of July. Average annual temperature is

18.9 °C having mean maximum 23.0 °C and mean minimum 14.7 °C. The mean summer

temperature is 22.8 °C and means winter temperature is 13.0 °C. The difference between the

mean summer and mean winter temperature is more than 5.0 °C which indicates the soil

temperature regime as “hyperthermic”.

The soils of the area show marked variability depending upon their geo-physical condition as

well as climate. Both the residual and alluvial soils are found to occur in the area. The

residual soils are derived from Granite-gneiss, where as alluvial soils are found to occur in

river terrace though the process of deposition by river. Cliamte and vegetation played a very

active role in the formation of soils in such a high altitude area. In cool and humid climate,

the weathering and leaching are so intensive that the soils developed are deep except in

erosional phases where soils are shallow to very shallow in nature. The soils of the area are

mostly moderate to strongly acidic, medium to high in organic matter content and low to

medium base status.

About 84 % of population lives in rural areas and dependent on agriculture for their

livelihood. The agriculture lands are mostly well bunded and terraced followed by poorly

managed to unmanaged cultivated lands. Maize, wheat, barley, millets and vegetables etc. are

being grown in the mountain range and paddy, wheat, maize, oilseeds, vegetables, cardamom

are being grown also in mountain range and in low hill type. The people generally produce

maize, millet and different kinds of vegetables in the dry field and wet or terraced field is

used only to produce rice.



1. Very High 149 2,13,398 27.31

2. High 24 28,829 3.69

3. Medium 34 43,971 5.63

22


4. Low 38 58,502 7.49

5. Very low 355 4,36,723 55.89

Grand Total 610 781423 100.00


S.

No.

Priority

Category

No. of

MWS

West Bengal Sikkim Area %

Darjeeling East West North South

1. Very High 149 - 5,334 18,628 1,89,098 338 2,13,398 27.31

2. High 24 - 731 3,771 24,294 33 28,829 3.69

3. Medium 34 953 5,018 3,721 30,622 3,617 43,971 5.63

4. Low 48 952 5,046 9,806 36,509 6,189 58,502 7.49

5. Very low 355 68,751 79,978 80,908 1,43,957 63,129 4,36,723 55.79

Grand Total 610 70,656 96,107 1,16,834 4,24,520 73,306 7,81,423 100.00

5.2 Detailed Soil Survey Reports

Report No. Agri. 1409: Report on Detailed Soil Survey and Land Use of Af4m

Subwatershed of Ajoy FPR Catchment, P.S. Deoghar, Kunda and Sarawan, District Deoghar,

Jharkhand.

The report covers an area of 3,037 ha spread over Ajoy FPR Catchment situated in Kunda

and Sarawan of Deoghar district lies between 24° 22′ 15″ to 24° 29′ 0″ North Latitude and

86° 42′ 55″ to 86° 46′ 10″ East Longitude covered by SOI toposheet Nos. 72L/11 and

72L/15.

Physiographically, the area has been divided into Upper Pediplains, Lower Pediplains, D

epressions/Valley fills and Levies. The drainage pattern of the area is dendritic and sub-

dendritic in nature. The survey area is mainly drained by Karankol Vadi carrying enormous

silt and finally discharging to the main river Ajoy. The relief is normal in undulating and in

plains and sub-normal relief is observed in valley bottom and depression.

Geologically, the major part of the watersheds is formed by metamorphic rocks comprising

mostly granite gneiss. Mineral composition of the rocks is feldspar, quartz, muscovite,

biotite, mica and other heavy minerals. Besides granite gneiss, a considerable part of the area

is developed over alluvium. Mainly occur along the river and stream. They are of two types

i.e. Recent Alluvium and Old Alluvium.

Climatically, the survey area falls under the sub-humid, sub-tropical climate zone having

distinct three main seasons i.e. winter, summer and monsoon in succession. The annual

average rainfall of the surveyed area is 1405 mm and means annual temperature is 24.1 °C.

The average maximum and minimum temperatures recorded in the surveyed area are 38.5 °C

and 7.9 °C respectively. The area remains dry for about 90 cumulative days and the moist

period is more than 180 days which qualifies for Ustic moisture regime except the local

23

depressional sites where soil moisture control section is defined as Aquic moisture region.

Temperature data reveals that the difference between mean summer and mean winter

temperature is more than 6 °C and hence the soil temperature regime of the area is placed

under ‘Hyperthermic’.

Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the people of the area. Nearly 75% of

population depends on agriculture and the others are engaged in business, service and other

petty jobs. Intensive cultivation following modern farming techniques is not practiced by

common cultivators in the area. Main cropping seasons are kharif and rabi. Lands on

favourable slope with proper bunding and terracing are intensively cultivated for paddy in

kharif season. Wheat, mung, mustard and maize are grown in the mid uplands and homestead

areas during the rabi season. Twelve soil series have been identified in the survey area brief

descriptions of which are as follows.

Baghapathar (BP): The soil of this series comprises very deep imperfectly drained

soils, developed over granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to gently sloping lower

pediplains. The soils are mainly bunded, terraced and adopted to paddy cultivation. A

considerable part of the area is either under rainfed minor crops or under waste land

susceptible to moderate erosion. The soil mapping units identified are BP5dB2, BP5hB2,

BP5hC(A)1, BP5kB(A)1 and BP5kB2.

Bathantoli (BT): The soil of this series comprises deep, moderately well to well drained

soils, developed over granite gneiss on very gently to gently sloping upper pediplains.

The soils are low in fertility status and are mainly under dry land farming, forest

vegetation and waste land but a considerable part of the area is taken under paddy

cultivation. The soil mapping units identified are BT4dB2, BT4dB2 S R, BT4dC2,

BT4dC3, BT4kB(A)1 and BT4kC(A)1.

Dumka (D): The soil of this series comprises shallow, well drained soils, developed

over granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to moderately sloping upper

pediplains/convex uplands. These soils are moderately to severely eroded with slightly to

moderately stoniness and rockiness surface and are mostly lying waste or under thin

bushy vegetation. Minor crops and paddy are occasionally practiced at some places. The

soil mapping units identified are D2dB(A)1, D2dB2, D2dB2 S R, D2dC2SR and

D2dD3 S R.

Hathiapathar (H): The soil of this series comprises very deep, poorly to imperfectly

drained soils, developed granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to gently sloping

lower pediplains. The soils are mainly adopted for paddy cultivation and well protected

by suitable bunding and terracing with none to slight erosion. The soil mapping units

identified are H5hC(A)1, H5kB(A)1 and H5kC(A)1.

Kanti (KT): The soil of this series comprises very deep, well drained soils, developed

over recent alluvium on very gently sloping levies. The soils have plentiful fine to

medium ferromanganese concretions. The soils are partly waste land or under thin bushy

24

and grassy vegetation. Minor crops are occasionally practiced at some places and are

moderately eroded. The soil mapping unit identified is KT5cB2.

Karya (K): The soil of this series comprises very deep, poorly drained soils, developed

over alluvial and colluvial wash materials of granite gneiss and occur on very gently

sloping depression of valley fills. There are dark yellowish brown to strong brown

mottles. The soils have very fine to fine stones and gravels very fine to fine and medium

ferromanganese concretions. The soils are well protected from erosion by suitable

bunding and terracing. They are under intensive paddy cultivation with very good yields.

The soil mapping units identified are K5hB(A)1 and K5kB(A)1.

Lachimpur (L): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, well drained soils,

developed over granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to gently sloping upper

pediplain. These soils are mainly unbunded and susceptible to moderate to severe

erosion. They are low in fertility status and cultivated to rainfed minor crops and paddy

cultivation at places. The soil mapping units identified are L3dB2, L3dC2, L3dC2 S R,

L3dC3, L3dC3 S R and L3kC(A)1.

Madhuban (MB): The soil of this series comprises deep, well drained soils, developed

over granite gneiss and occur on very gently to gently sloping upper pediplains. These

soils are mainly adopted to dry land farming and at places with thin forest. These soils

are unbunded and susceptible to moderate erosion. The soil mapping units identified are

MB4dB2 and MB4dC2.

Munhari (M): The soil of this series comprises very deep, imperfectly drained soils,

developed over granite gneiss and occurs on very gently to gently sloping lower

pediplains. These soils are mostly under dry land farming and partly under paddy

cultivation. These are unbunded susceptible to slight to moderate erosion. The soil

maping units identified are M5dB2 and M5hC(A)1.

Pusaro (P): The soil of this series comprises very deep, moderately well drained to well

drained soils, developed over granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to gently

sloping upper pediplains. These soils are mainly adopted to dry land farming, forest

vegetation and at places lying as wasteland and are susceptible to moderate to severe

erosion. A considerable part of these soils which are well protected through suitable

bunding and terracing, are used for paddy cultivation. The soil mapping units identified

are P5dB2, P5dC3, P5kB(A)1 and P5KC3.

Sarua (S): The soil of this series comprises very deep, poorly drained soils, developed

over alluvial and colluvial materials of granite gneiss and occur on very gently sloping

depressions/ valley fills. These are well bunded and terraced. They are adapted to paddy

cultivation with good yield. Poor drainage and overflows are the major problems

associated with these soils. The soil mapping units identified are S5hB(A)1 and

S5kB(A)1.

25

Tetaria (H): The soil of this series comprises very deep, well drained soils, developed

over granite gneiss on very gently sloping lower pediplains. The soils are mainly adopted

to dry land farming. In general these soils are unbunded and susceptible to moderate

erosion. The soil mapping units identified are T5dB2 and T5kB2.

Interpretative Grouping of Soils

S.

No.

Soil

Mapping

Unit

Land

Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Paddy Soil

Group

Hydrologic

Soil Group

1. BP5dB2 IIes-1 A 2st 2 D

2. BP5hB2 IIes-1 A 2st 2 D

3. BP5hC(A)1 IIs-1 A 3st 2 D

4. BP5kB(A)1 IIs-1 A 2st 1 D

5. BP5kB2 IIes-1 A 2st 2 D

6. BT4dB2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 C

7. BT4dB2 S R IIe-2 B 3t 3 C

8. BT4dC2 IIIe-1 B 2t 3 C

9. BT4dC3 Ive-1 B 3t 3 C

10. BT4kB(A)1 II-1 B 2t 1 C

11. BT4kC(A)1 II-1 B 3t 2 C

12. D2dB(A)1 Ivs-1 D 4st 4 D

13. D2dB2 Ives-1 D 4st 4 D

14. D2dB2 S R Ives-2 D 4st 4 D

15. D2dC2SR Ives-2 D 4st 4 D

16. D2dD3 S R Vies-1 D 6st 4 D

17. H5hC(A)1 IIIsw-1 B 3dst 2 C

18. H5kB(A)1 IIsw-1 B 2dst 1 C

19. H5kC(A)1 IIIsw-1 B 3dst 2 C

20. KT5cB2 IIIes-1 C 3st 3 D

21. K5hB(A)1 IIw-1 B 2dt 1 C

22. K5kB(A)1 IIw-1 B 2dt 1 C

23. L3dB2 IIIes-2 C 3st 3 B

24. L3dC2 Ives-1 C 3st 3 B

25. L3dC2 S R Ives-2 C 4st 4 B

26. L3dC3 Ives-3 C 4st 4 B

27. L3dC3 S R Ives-3 C 4st 4 B

28. L3kC(A)1 Ivs-1 C 3st 3 B

29. MB4Db2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 C

26

S.

No.

Soil

Mapping

Unit

Land

Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Paddy Soil

Group

Hydrologic

Soil Group

30. MB4dC2 IIIe-1 B 3t 3 C

31. M5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 C

32. M5hC(A)1 II-1 A 3t 2 C

33. P5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 C

34. P5dC3 Ive-1 A 3t 3 C

35. P5kB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 1 C

36. P5KC3 Ive-1 A 3t 3 C

37. S5hB(A)1 IIsw-1 B 2dst 1 D

38. S5kB(A)1 IIsw-1 B 2dst 1 D

39. T5dB2 IIes-1 A 2st 2 C

40. T5kB2 IIes-1 A 2st 2 C

Report No. Agri. 1410: Report on Detailed Soil Survey and Land Use of Ma3h

Subwatershed of Mandira Dam Catchment, P.S. Simdega, Disrict- Simdega, Jharkhand.

The report covers an area of 4,410 ha spread over Mandira Dam Catchment, situated in P.S.

Simdega, Disrict - Simdega, Jharkhand lies between 22° 31′ 30″ to 22° 37’ 30″ North

Latitude and 84° 33′ 45″ to 84° 38′ 10″ East Longitude covered by SOI Toposheet No.

73B/10.

Physiographically, the area is a part of Chhotanagpur plateau. It has undulating and dissected

topography with complex slopes owing to numerous ridges and valleys. The elevation of the

tract ranges from 400 m to 631 m above mean sea level. The relief is sub normal and

excessive at places.The area has been divided into following units i) Pediplains, ii)

Depressions iii) Foot hill slope and iv) Hill side slopes. The drainage pattern of the area is

dendritic and sub-dendritic in nature.

Geologically, the formation of the major survey area is composed mainly Archean granite

gneiss with patches of Dharwar rocks i.e. Phyllite, Mica schists etc. Besides Granite gneiss, a

considerable part of the area is developed over alluvium.

Climatically, the area falls under the sub-humid, sub-tropical climatic zone having distinct

three main seasons i.e. winter, summer and monsoon in succession. The annual average

rainfall of the surveyed area is 1123 mm and mean annual temperature is 25.6 °C. The

average maximum and minimum temperature in the surveyed area are 32.1 °C and 19.1 °C

respectively.The temperature data reveals that the difference between mean summer and

mean winter temperature is more than 7.6 °C and hence the soil temperature regime of the

area is presumed to be ‘hyperthermic’.

27

Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the people of the area. Nearly 80% of

population depends on agriculture and the others are engaged in business, service and other

jobs. Intensive cultivation following modern farming technique with the application of

fertilizers etc. is not practiced by common cultivators of the area. Wheat, mung, mustard and

maize are grown in the mid upland plain and homestead areas during rabi season and paddy

in kharif season. Eight soil series have been identified in the surveyed area. Brief descriptions

are as following.

Amra (AR): The soil of this series comprises shallow, well to excessively drained soils

developed over weathered granite gneiss and occur on moderately steep to very steep

sloping hill side slope. The soils are severely eroded with severe surface stoniness and

rockiness and mostly under thin to thick forest vegetation and partly waste land. The soil

mapping units identified are AR2dF3S R, AR2dG3S R and AR2dH3S R.

Balia (B): The soil of this series comprises very deep, moderately well drained soils

developed over weathered granite gneiss and occurs on very gently to gently sloping

upper pediplains. The soils are mainly unbunded and adapted to minor crop cultivation

under rainfed condition. However, bunded lands are mainly under paddy cultivation.

Soils of this series suffer from slight to severe erosion. The soil mapping units identified

are B5dB2, B5dB2 S R, B5dC2, B5dC3, B5kB(A)1 and B5kC(A)1.

Barapani (BP): The soil of this series comprises very deep, moderately well drained,

developed over granite gneiss on very gently to gently sloping terraced land on lower

pediplains. The soils are mainly bunded and adapted to paddy cultivation. Soils of this

series suffer from slight water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are BP5dB(A)1

and BP5hC(A)1.

Dumka (D): The soil of this series comprises shallow, well drained soils, developed

over granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to moderately sloping upper

pediplains/convex uplands. These soils are moderately to severely eroded with slightly to

moderately stoniness and rockiness surface and are mostly lying waste or under thin

bushy vegetation. Minor crops and paddy are occasionally practiced at some places. The

soil mapping units identified are D2dB2S, D2dB2 S R, D2dC2 S R, D2dD3 S R and

D2dD3 S R.

Jokbahar (JB): The soil of this series comprises very deep, moderately well to well

drained soils developed over granite gneiss and occurring on very gently to gently

sloping upper pediplains. The soils are mainly unbunded and adopted for rainfed

cultivation. However, bunded lands are mainly under paddy cultivation. Soils of this

series suffer from slight to severe erosion. The soil mapping identified are JB5dB(A)1,

JB5dB2, JB5dC2 S R, JB5dC3, JB5hB(A)1, JB5hB2, JB5hC(A)1, JB5hC2, JB5kC(A)1

and JB5kC2.

Karaya (K): The soil of this series comprises very deep, poorly to imperfectly drained,

developed over recent alluvium-colluvium. These soils occur on very gently sloping

28

terraced lands on depressions/valley fills. The soils are well protected from erosion by

suitable bunding and terracing. They are under intensive paddy cultivation with very

good yields. The soil mapping units identified are K5dB(A)1, K5hB(A)1 and K5kB(A)1.

Pahartoli (PH): The soil of this series comprises deep, moderately well to well drained

soils developed over granite gneiss. The soils of this series occur on very gently to gently

sloping upper pediplains. They are mostly unbunded and adapted to rainfed crops where

as bunded lands are brought under paddy cultivation. They suffer from slight to severe

water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are PH4cC(A)1, PH4cC2, PH4cC3,

PH4dB2, PH4dB2 S R, PH4dC2 and PH4kC3.

Pusaro (P): The soil of this series comprises very deep, well drained soils developed

over granite gneiss and occurs on very gently to gently sloping upper pediplains. These

soils are mainly cultivated under dry land agriculture. At patches, these soils are

occupied by thin bushy and forest vegetation. These soils are susceptible to moderate

water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are P5cB2 S R, P5dB2 and P5dC2.


S.

No.

Soil

Mapping

Unit

Land

Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Paddy Soil

Group

Hydrologic

Soil Group

1. AR2dF3S R VIIes-1 E 6st 4 D

2. AR2dG3S R VIIes-1 E 6st 4 D

3. AR2dH3S R VIIes-2 E 6st 4 D

4. B5Db2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 C

5. B5dB2 S R IIe-2 A 3t 3 C

6. B5dC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 C

7. B5dC3 IVe-1 A 3t 3 C

8. B5kB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 1 C

9. B5kC(A)1 III-1 A 3t 1 C

10. BP5dB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 1 C

11. BP5hC(A)1 IIIs-1 B 3st 1 C

12. D2dB2S IVes-2 E 6st 4 D

13. D2dB2 S R VIes-1 E 6st 4 D

14. D2dC2 S R VIes-1 E 6st 4 D

15. D2dD3 S R VIes-2 E 6st 4 D

16. D2dD3 S R VIes-2 E 6st 4 D

17. JB5dB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 1 C

18. JB5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 C

19. JB5dC S R IIIe-2 A 4t 4 C

20. JB5dC3 IVe-1 A 3t 3 C

29

S.

No.

Soil

Mapping

Unit

Land

Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Paddy Soil

Group

Hydrologic

Soil Group

21. JB5hB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 1 C

22. JB5hB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 C

23. JB5hC(A)1 III-1 A 3t 1 C

24. JB5hC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 C

25. JB5kC(A)1 III-1 A 3t 1 C

26. JB5kC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 C

27. K5dB(A)1 IIw-1 C 3dt 1 A

28. K5hB(A)1 IIw-1 C 3dt 1 A

29. K5kB(A)1 IIw-1 C 3dt 1 A

30. PH4cC(A)1 IIe-2 B 3t 3 C

31. PH4cC2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 C

32. PH4cC3 IIIe-1 B 3t 3 C

33. PH4dB2 III-1 B 3t 1 C

34. PH4dB2 S R IIIe-1 B 3t 3 C

35. PH4dC2 IVe-1 B 3t 3 C

36. PH4kC3 IIe-1 B 2t 2 C

37. P5cB2 S R IIe-2 B 3t 3 C

38. P5dB2 IIIe-1 B 3t 3 C

39. P5dC2 IVe-1 B 3t 3 C

Report No. Agri. 1414: Report on Detailed Soil Survey and Land Use of 2A4D5w and

2A4D6k subwatersheds of Lower Ganga Basin, P.S.: Pathalgada and Simaria of district -

Chatra and P.S. Katkamsandi of District - Hazaribagh, Jharkhand.

The report covers an area of 6,665 ha spread over Lower Ganga Basin situated in Pathalgada

and Simaria of district- Chatra and P.S. Katkamsandi of District - Hazaribagh, Jharkhand.

The 2A4D5w’ subwatershed lies between 84° 53′ 19″ to 84° 56′ 32″ East Longitude & 24°

12′ 13″ to 24° 16′ 19″ North Latitude and 2A4D6k’ subwatershed lies between 85° 11′ to

85°17′ East Longitude & 24° 01′ to 24° 05′ North Latitude covered by toposheet Nos. 72H/4

and 72H/8.

Physiographically, the area is a part of Chhotanagpur plateau. It has undulating to rolling and

dissected topography with complex slopes, owing to numerous ridges and valleys. The

elevation of the tract ranges from 50m to 371m above M.S.L. The relief of the area is sub

normal to normal in the valley areas and excessive in hilly areas. The drainage pattern of the

area is sub dendritic to sub parallel. The main drainage of the subwatershed is Mahane which

is flowing from South to East.

30

Geologically, the formation of the area has been reported to be Archean age of varied

formations and composition. The common rock of this area is Granite gneiss with different

mineralogical composition like quartz, feldspar, mica etc. The hill ranges consists mainly of

granite gneiss. Besides, this alluvium of sub-recent to recent origin comprising coarser

sediments were deposited by fluvial action in depressional land and valley.

Climatically, the area falls under sub-humid tropic with three main seasons i.e. winter,

summer and rainy season. The mean annual rainfall of the area is 1216 mm and means annual

temperature is around 22.2°C. The area remains dry for more than 90 cumulative days in a

year and the soil moisture control section is moist for more than 180 cumulative days in some

part which suggests the area as “Ustic” moisture regime and in depressional area where soils

are of “Aquic” moisture regime. The difference between mean summer and mean winter

temperature is greater than 6°C which qualifies temperature regime as ‘Hyperthermic’.

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of the area. Only one crop is grown mainly

in khrif i.e. paddy. No wide spread irrigation facilities are available in the area. Very small

patches are under irrigation where rabi crops like wheat, gram, torai etc. are grown.

Agriculture is practiced intermittently in the forest area. Only agriculture land in the survey

area constitutes 9%. Fourteen soil series have been identified in the surveyed area. Brief

description are as following.

Amra (AR): The soil of this series comprises shallow excessively drained soils,

developed over granite and found to occur on strongly to steep sloping hill side slope.

The soils of this series are poorly conserved and susceptible to severe erosion. The soils

are severely stony, severely rocky and severely eroded and covered with thick to thin

forest. The soil mapping units identified are AR2kE3 S R, and AR2kG3 S R .

Amgoan (AG): The soil of this series comprises very deep soils developed over

colluvial alluvial material of quartzite and found to occur on to very gently to gently

sloping depressions. The soils are bunded and converted into nearly level terraces of

0.5% slope. They have slight to none erosion hazards. These soils are extensively used

for growing rainfed paddy. The soil mapping units identified are AG5eB (A)1 and

AG5eC (A)1.

Bhagwanpur (BG): The soil of this series comprises very deep, poorly to imperfectly

drained soils, occurring on gently sloping to slope and lower valley plains and developed

over Quartzite. They are well bunded with none to slight erosion and are under paddy

cultivation. The soil mapping unit identified is B5hC(A)1.

Bathantoli (BT): The soil of this series comprises deep, well to moderately well drained

soils and found to occur on very gently to gently sloping mid convex up land and

developed over granite. They are mostly under paddy cultivation but at places are fallow

with moderate erosion. The soil mapping units identified are BT4 d C(A)1, BT4 k B2

and BT4kC2.

31

Bendukani (BK): The soil of this series comprises shallow, well drained soils,

developed over quartzite and found to occur on very gently to gently sloping, foot hill

slopes and convex upland. The soils of this series are poorly conserved and have

moderate to severe erosion hazards. They are mostly stony and rocky land with rainfed

cultivation and thick to thin plantation. The soil mapping units identified are BK2kB2,

BK2kC2, BK2kC3 and BK2k C3 SR.

Dumka (D): The soil of this series comprises shallow soils, well drained soils developed

over granite and found to occur on gently to moderately sloping, foot hill slope and

convex upland. They are mostly under waste land and few part of the area is under

cultivation and forest. They have severe erosion hazards. The soil mapping units

identified are D2 d C2, D2 d C3 SR and D2 d D3 SR.

Edla (ED): The soil of this series comprises very deep, well drained soils developed

over quartzite and found to occur on very gently to gently sloping mid-upland. They are

partly bunded and suffered from moderate to sever erosion hazards. The soil mapping

units identified are ED5eC(A)1, ED5eB2, ED5hC2 and ED5hC3.

Lakshmipur (L): The soil of this series are moderately deep, well drained, developed

over granite and found to occur on very gently to gently sloping convex upland. They are

partly bunded and susceptible to moderate to severe erosion. Its colour is dark reddish

brown and texture is clay loam to sandy clay loam with weak to moderate, fine to

medium sub angular blocky structure. The soil mapping units identified are L3hB2,

L3hC2 and L3kC2 SR.

Matnag (MG): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, well drained soils,

developed over quartzite and found to occur on gently sloping, foot hill and convex

upland. The soils of this series are both partly bunded and susceptible to moderate to

severe erosion hazards. Soils of this series are fallow and rainfed cultivation and have

moderate to severe erosion. The soil mapping units identified are MG3 k C2 and MG3 k

C3.

Nagar (NG): The soil of this series comprises very deep soils developed over colluvial-

alluvial and are encountered in depression and valleys. They are well bunded with none

to slight erosion and under paddy cultivation. Texture ranges from sandy loam to sandy

clay loam with weak to moderate fine to medium sub angular blocky structure. The soil

mapping units identified are NG5 e B(A)1, NG5 k B(A)1 and NG5 k C(A)1.

Pusaro (P): The soil of this series comprises very deep, moderately well drained soils

developed over Granite parent materials. Occurring on very gently to gently sloping

convex uplands. They are mostly under rainfed cultivation, but at places fallow land and

susceptible with moderate erosion hazards. The soil mapping units identified are P5 k B2

and P5 k C2.

Piprakalan (PN): The soil of this series comprises very deep, moderately to imperfectly

drained soils and developed over granite parent materials. Occurring on very gently to

32

gently sloping mid upland and valley plains. They are mostly under paddy cultivation,

but at places fallow with slight to moderate erosion. The soil mapping units identified are

PN5 k B(A)1, PN5rC(A)1, PN5rB2 and PN5rC2.

Parkala (PK): The soil of this series comprises deep, imperfectly to moderately drained

soils and developed over Quartzite parent materials and found to occur on gentle sloping

upper pediment of convex upland. They are mostly under paddy cultivation, but at places

fallow with moderate to severe erosion. The soil mapping units identified are PK4 k

C(A)1, PK4 d C(A)1, PK4 d C2 and PK4 d C3.

Sarabmunda (SM): The soil of this series comprises shallow, excessively drained soils,

developed over quartzite and found to occur on strongly sloping to steep sloping hill side

slopes. These soils are unbunded, mostly stony and rocky with thick to thin forest and

have severe erosion hazards. The soil mapping units identified are SM2 k E3-SR and

SM2 k G3-SR.


S.

No.

Soil Mapping

Unit

Land

Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Paddy Soil

Group

Hydrologic

Soil Group

1. AG5eB(A)1 IIw-1 B 2dt 1 C

2. AG5eC(A)1 IIIw-1 B 3dt 2 C

3. AR2kE3 SR VIes-2 E 6st 4 D

4. AR2kG3 SR VIIes-1 E 6st 4 D

5. B5 h C(A)1 III-1 B 3t 2 C

6. BK2KB2 IVes-1 D 4st 4 D

7. BK2 k C2 IVes-2 D 4st 4 D

8. BK2 k C3 IVes-3 D 4st 4 D

9. BK2kC3 SR VIes-1 D 4st 4 D

10. BT4kB2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 B

11. BT4dC(A)1 III-1 B 3t 2 B

12. BT4kC2 IIIe-1 B 3t 2 B

13. D2 d C2 IVes-2 D 4st 4 D

14. D2 d C3 SR VIes-1 D 4st 4 D

15. D2 d D3 SR VIes-2 D 6st 4 D

16. ED5 e C(A)1 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B

17. ED5 e B2 III-1 A 3t 2 B

18. ED5 h C2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B

19. ED5 h C3 IVe-1 A 4t 3 B

20. L3 h B2 IIIes-1 C 3st 3 B

21. L3 h C2 IIIes-2 C 3st 3 B

33

S.

No.

Soil Mapping

Unit

Land

Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Paddy Soil

Group

Hydrologic

Soil Group

22. L3 k C2 SR IIIes-3 C 3st 4 B

23. MG3 k C2 IIIes-2 C 3st 3 B

24. MG3 k C3 IVes-3 C 4st 3 B

25. NG5 e B(A)1 II-1 B 2t 1 C

26. NG5 k B(A)1 II-1 B 2t 1 C

27. NG5 k C(A)1 III-1 B 3t 2 C

28. P5 k B2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B

29. P5 k C2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B

30. PK4 k C(A)1 III-1 A 3t 2 B

31. PK4 d C(A)1 III-1 A 3t 2 B

32. PK4 d C2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B

33. PK4 d C3 IVe-1 A 4t 3 B

34. PN5 k B(A)1 II-1 B 2t 1 B

35. PN5 r C(A)1 IIes-1 B 2st 2 B

36. PN5rB2 IIIs-1 B 3st 2 B

37. PN5rC2 IIIes-1 B 3st 3 B

38. SM2 k E3-SR VIes-2 E 6st 4 D

39. SM2 k G3-SR VIIes-1 E 6st 4 D

Report No. Agri. 1417: Report on Detailed Soil Survey and Land Use of Mh5a

subwatersheds of Mahammadganj Dam Catchment, (RVP), P.S. Lesliganj of Palamau

District, Jharkhand.

The report covers an area of 1,194 ha spread over Mahammadganj Dam Catchment, (RVP),

situated in P.S. Lesliganj of Palamau District –Jharkhand lies between 24° 04′ 30″ to 24° 05′

55″ North Latitude & 84° 08′ 30″ to 84° 15′ 1″ East Longitude covered by toposheet No.

72D/4.

Physiographically, the survey area is a part of Chottonagpur plateau. It has undulating and

dissected topography with complex slopes to numerous ridges and valleys. The elevation of

the area ranges from 207m to 239m above msl. The relief of the area is normal to subnormal.

The drainage pattern of the area is sub-dendritic to sub-parallel. The area has been sub-

divided into following units i) Updulating upland, ii) Upper valley plain, iii) Lower valley

plain, iv) River/Stream bank and v)Levee.

Geologically, the survey area is characterized by complex geological structure. The major

geological formation of this area comprises the Archean groups of sedimentary and

Gandowana rocks. The main rocks of the survey area which the soils have been formed are

sandstone and quartzite. There are intrusive masses of mica also.

34

Climatically, the area falls under sub-humid, sub-tropical climate having three distinct

summer, monsoon and winter seasons in succession. The average rainfall of the survey area is

1008 mm and the mean annual temperature is 25.2 °C. The mean maximum and mean

minimum temperature of the area are 32.3 °C and 18.0 °C respectively. The area remains dry

for more than 90 cumulative days which qualifies for “Ustic” moisture regime other than in

depressional area where soil moisture regime is “Aquic”. The monthly mean summer and

mean winter temperature is 29.2 °C to 21.2 °C respectively. The difference between mean

summer and mean winter temperature is greater than 6 °C which qualifies temperature regime

as ‘Hyperthermic’.

Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the people of the area, while collection of fuel

woods, bidi leaves, Sal leaves from the forest and selling them in the market are the

additional source of income. Lands on favourable slope with proper bunding and terracing are

extensively cultivated for paddy in kharif season. Wheat, mung, mustard, Til and other

vegetables are grown in the area during rabi season by lift irrigation from nala, well, etc.

Eight soil series have been identified in the surveyed area. Brief description are as following.

Amwa (AM): The soil of this series comprises very deep, sandy skeletal textured,

calcareous, imperfectly drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of

sandstone. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping, terraced to nearly level

slope. The soils of the series are well managed with suitable terrace, mostly under paddy

cultivation and are susceptible to none to slight erosion. The soil mapping units

identified are AM5kB(A)1, AM5hB(A)1 and AM5hC(A)1.

Banwa (BN): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured,

calcareous, moderately well to well drained soils developed from weathered parent

materials of sandstone. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping upper valley.

The soil of the series are poorly managed and at places suitable terrace and mostly under

rainfed paddy cultivation and are susceptible to slight to moderate erosion. The soil

mapping units identified are BN5dB(A)1, BN5kB(A)1, BN5hB2, BN5kB2, BN5hC(A)1

and BN5hC2.

Duradih (DD): The soil of this series comprises deep, fine loamy textured, non-

calcareous, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of sandstone.

These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping undulating upland. The soils of this

series are moderately managed, mostly under open scrub and are susceptible to moderate

erosion. The soil mapping units identified are DD4dB2, DD4dB2 and DD4dC2.

Hara (HR): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, non-

calcareous, moderately well to well drained soils developed from weathered parent

materials of sandstone. The soils occur on very gently to gently sloping stream bank. The

soil of the series are well to well managed, mostly under dry land cultivation and at

places rainfed paddy cultivation and are susceptible to slight to moderate erosion. The

soil mapping units identified are HR5dB(A)1, HR5dB2 and HR5dC2.

35

Jhagarpur (JP): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured,

calcareous, moderately well drained soils developed over alluvium-colluvium materials.

These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping stream banks. The soil of the series are

well managed, mostly under paddy cultivation and are susceptible to slight to moderate

erosion. The soil mapping units identified are JP5dB(A)1, JP5eB(A)1, JP5dB2 and

JP5dC(A)1.

Kanti (KT): The soil of this series comprises very deep, coarse loamy textured,

calcareous, moderately well rained soils developed from weathered parent materials of

alluvium. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping levies. The soil of the series

are unbunded and at places well terrace and mostly under single crop and paddy

cultivation and are susceptible slight to moderate erosion. The soil mapping units

identified are KT5dB(A)1 and KT5dC2.

Matang (MG): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, fine textured, non-

calcareous, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of quartzite.

These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping undulating upland. The soil of the

series are moderately managed, mostly under single crop dry land cultivation and are

susceptible to moderate erosion. The soil mapping units identified are MG3dB2 and

MG3dC2.

Zalim (Z): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine textured, non-calcareous,

imperfectly drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of sandstone. These

soils occur on very gently to gently sloping under valley. The soil of the series are

moderate to well bunded, mostly under double crop cultivation and are susceptible to

none to slight erosion to moderate erosion. The soil mapping units identified are

Z5dB(A)1, Z5hB(A)1, Z5kB(A)1, Z5hB2 and Z5hC(A).


S.

No.

Soil Mapping

Unit

Land

Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Paddy Soil

Group

Hydrologic

Soil Group

1. AM5hB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C

2. AM5hC(A)1 IIIs-1 B 3st 2 C

3. AM5kB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C

4. BN5dB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 B

5. BN5kB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 B

6. BN5hC(A)1 III-1 A 3t 2 B

7. BN5hC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B

8. BN5hB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B

9. BN5kB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B

10. DD4dB2 IIe-1 B 2t 3 C

36

S.

No.

Soil Mapping

Unit

Land

Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Paddy Soil

Group

Hydrologic

Soil Group

11. DD4dB2 IIe-1 B 2t 3 C

12. DD4dC2 IIIe-1 B 3t 3 C

13. HR5dB II-1 A 2t 2 B

14. HR5dB2 (A)1 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B

15. HR5dC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B

16. JP5dB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 B

17. JP5dC (A)1 III-1 A 3t 2 B

18. JP5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B

19. JP5eB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 B

20. KT5dB(A)1 II-1 B 2s 3 A

21. KT5dC2 IIIs-1 B 3st 3 A

22. MG3dB2 IIIes-1 C 3st 3 C

23. MG3dC2 IIIes-2 C 3st 3 C

24. Z5dB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C

25. Z5hB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C

26. Z5kB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C

27. Z5hB2 IIes-1 B 2st 2 C

28. Z5hC(A)1 IIIs-1 B 3st 2 C

Report No. Agri. 1418: Report on Detailed Soil Survey and Land Use of 2A2F5m, p & q

(Part) subwatersheds of Panchet Dam Catchment, (DVC-RVP), P.S. Topchanchi, Bagmara &

Gobindpur, District – Dhanbad, Jharkhand.

The report covers an area of 8,099 ha spread over Panchet Dam Catchment, (DVC-RVP)

situated in P.S. Topchanchi, Bagmara & Gobindpur, District – Dhanbad, Jharkhand. The

2A2F5m, p & q (Part) subwatershed lies between 23° 51′ 5″ to 23° 56′ 15″ North Latitude &

86° 13′ 04″ to 86° 23′ 15″ East Longitude covered by toposheet Nos. 73I/1 and 73I/5.

Physiographically, the survey area is a part of Chottanagpur plateau. It has undulating, rolling

and dissected topography with complex slope owing to ridges and valleys. Fluvial landforms

the result of the work of the river / streams in the form of erosion as well ass deposition plays

a vital role in this area. Featureless surfaces of peneplanation in this sub-humid sub-tropical

region ultimately produce by way of erosion transportation and deposition. A long continued

weathering and erosion in this climate is the chief responsible for ridge and valley formation.

The area has been divided into three units i) Hill side slope, ii) Convex upland / undulating

upland and iii) Depression / Valley fills. The area is drained by Katri Nadi which is seasonal

in nature, carrying enormous finer particles and finally discharging to Damodar River.

37

Geologically, the formation of the area is a part of Chottonagpur plateau where main rock

types of Archean system of the area are granite, granite-gneiss with biotite veins consisting of

feldspar, quartz, mica and other minerals. Besides, granite gneiss, alluvium of sub-recent to

recent origin comprising coarser sediments deposited by fluvial action occurs on river terrace

and in valley fills.



1281.52 mm and the mean annual temperature is 22.2°C. The mean maximum and mean

minimum temperature of the area are 32°C and 12.3°C respectively. The area remains dry for

more than 120 cumulative days and period is more than 180 days which qualifies for “Ustic”

moisture regime other than in depressional area where soil moisture regime is “Aquic”. The

temperature data reveals that the variation between mean summer and mean winter is 12.7°C

from which it is assumed that the soil temperature regime if “Hyperthermic”.

Agriculture is the main livelihood for the people of the area. Nearly 75 of population depend

on agriculture and the rest are engaged in business, service or other jobs. Intensive cultivation

using modern farming technique and application of fertilizer etc., are not usually practiced by

most of the cultivators of the area. The main cropping seasons are kharif and rabi. Besides

agriculture, villagers are engaged in collecting fuel woods, bidi leaves and sal leaves from

forest and selling them in local market for their additional source of income. Most of the

forests in the area have medium to sparse vegetation but they are in danger due to

indiscriminate cutting and felling of trees. Ten soil series have been identified in the surveyed

area. Brief descriptions are as following.

Amra (AR): The soil of this series comprises shallow, loamy skeletal textured, well

drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite gneiss. These soils

occur on strongly to very steep sloping hills side slopes. Soils of the series are

unmanaged, mostly under forest and are susceptible to severe water erosion. The soil

mapping units identified are AR2dE3SR, AR2dF3SR, AR2dG3SR and AR2dH3SR.

Balia: The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, well drained

soils developed from weather parent materials of granite gneiss. These soils occur on

very gently to gently sloping mid uplands. Soils of the series are poorly to well managed,

mostly under single crop cultivation and are susceptible to slight to moderate erosion.

The soil mapping units identified are B5dB(A)1, B5dB2, B5dC2 and B5dC3.

Bathantoli: The soil of this series comprises deep, fine loamy textured, moderately well

drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite gneiss. These soils

occur on very gently to gently sloping convex upland. Soils of the series are poorly to

well managed, mostly under terraced cultivation and are susceptible to slight to severe

water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are BT4dB (A)1, BT4kB(A)1,

BT4dC(A)1, BT4dB2, BT4dB SR, BT4dC2 and BT4dC3.

38

Belguma: The soil of this series comprises deep, fine loamy textured, well drained soils

developed from weathered parent materials of granite gneiss. These soils occur on very

gently to gently sloping convex upland. Soils of the series are moderate to well managed,

mostly under single crop cultivation and are susceptible to slight erosion to severe water

erosion. The soil mapping units identified are BG4dB (A)1, BG4eB(A)1, BG4dC(A)1,

BG4dB2, BG4dC2, BG4dC3 and BG4dC3 SR.

Daludih: The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine textured, imperfectly drained

soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite gneiss. These soils occur on

very gently sloping mid uplands. Soil of the series are poorly to well managed, mostly

under terraced cultivation and are susceptible to slight erosion to moderate erosion. The

soil mapping units identified are DD5dB(A)1, DD5eB(A)1 and DD5dB2.

Dayabandh: The soil of this series comprises deep, fine loamy textured well drained to

moderately well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite

gneiss. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping mid uplands. Soil of the series

are poorly managed to unmanaged, mostly under single crop cultivation and are

susceptible to none to slight erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units

identified are DB4dB(A)1, DB4dB2, DB4dB2 SR, DB4dC2, DB4dC3 and DB4dC3 SR.

Dumka: The soil of this series comprises shallow, loamy skeletal textured, well drained

soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite gneiss. These soils occur on

very gently to moderately sloping foot hill slopes. The soil of the series are to well

managed, mostly under deciduous forest and are susceptible to slight erosion to severe

water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are D2dB(A)1, D2dC2, D2dC3, D2dB2,

D2dB2 SR, D2dC2 SR, D2dC3 SR and D2dD3 SR.

Karya: The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, poorly drained

to moderately well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of alluvium.

These soils occur on very gently sloping terraced depression. The soil of the series are

well managed, mostly under terraced cultivation and are susceptible to none to slight

erosion. The soil mapping units identified are K5dB(A)1, K5hB(A)1 and K5kB(A)1.

Pusaro: The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, moderately

well drained to well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite

gneiss. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping mid upland. The soil of the

series are poorly managed to moderate well managed, mostly under grasslands / texture

and are susceptible to slight to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified

are P5dB( A)1, P5hB(A)1, P5kB(A)1, P5kC(A)1, P5dB2, P5dC2 and P5dC3.

Radhadamodarpur (RD): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, fine

loamy textured, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite

gneiss. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping convex upland. Soil of this

series are unmanaged to well managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are

susceptible to slight erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified

are RD3dB(A)1, RD3kB(A)1, RD3dB2, RD3dC2, RD3dC2 SR and RD3dC3.

39


S.

No.

Soil

Mapping

Unit

Land

Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Paddy Soil

Group

Hydrologic

Soil Group

1. AR2dF3SR VIIes-2 E 6st 4 D

2. AR2dG3SR VIIes-2 E 6st 4 D

3. AR2dH3SR VIIes-2 E 6st 4 D

4. AR2dE3SR VIIes-1 E 6st 4 D

5. B5dC3 IVe-1 B 3t 3 B

6. B5dC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 2 B

7. B5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B

8. B5dB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 B

9. BT4dC2 IIIes-2 B 3st 2 C

10. BT4dC(A)1 IIIs-2 B 3st 2 C

11. BT4dB2 SR IVes-1 C 2st 3 C

12. BT4dB2 IIIes-1 B 2st 2 C

13. BT4dC3 IVes-1 C 3st 3 C

14. BT4dB(A)1 IIIs-1 B 2st 2 C

15. BT4kB(A)1 IIIs-1 B 2st 2 C

16. BG4dB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C

17. BG4dB2 IIIes-1 B 2st 2 C

18. BG4dC(A)1 IIs-1 B 3st 2 C

19. BG4dC2 IIIes-2 B 3st 2 C

20. BG4eB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C

21. BG4dC3 SR IVes-2 C 3st 3 C

22. BG4dC3 IVes-1 C 3st 3 C

23. DD5eB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 C

24. DD5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 C

25. DD5dB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 C

26. DB4dB2 SR IIIes-3 C 3st 3 C

27. DB4dB2 IIIes-1 B 2st 2 C

28. DB4dC2 IIIes-2 B 3st 2 C

29. DB4dC3 IVes-1 C 3st 3 C

30. DB4dC3 SR IVes-2 C 3st 3 C

31. DB4dB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2st 2 C

32. D2dC2 IVes-1 D 4st 4 D

33. D2dC3 VIes-1 D 4st 4 D

40

S.

No.

Soil

Mapping

Unit

Land

Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Paddy Soil

Group

Hydrologic

Soil Group

34. D2dB2 IVes-1 D 4st 4 D

35. D2dB2 SR, VIes-1 D 4st 4 D

36. D2dC2 SR VIes-1 D 4st 4 D

37. D2dD3 SR VIes-2 D 4st 4 D

38. D2dB(A)1 IVes-1 D 4st 4 D

39. D2dC3 SR VIes-2 D 4st 4 D

40. K5dB(A)1 IIw-1 B 2dt 2 D

41. K5hB(A)1 IIw-1 B 2dt 2 D

42. K5kB(A)1 IIw-1 B 2dt 2 D

43. P5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 D

44. P5kC(A)1 III-1 A 3t 2 C

45. P5kB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 C

46. P5hB(A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 C

47. P5dC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 2 C

48. P5dB( A)1 II-1 A 2t 2 C

49. P5dC3 IVe-1 B 3t 3 C

50. RD3dB(A)1 IIIs-1 C 3st 3 C

51. RD3dB2 IIIes-1 C 3st 3 C

52. RD3dC2 IIIes-2 C 3st 3 C

53. RD3dC2 SR IVes-1 D 4st 3 C

54. RD3dC3 IVes-2 D 4st 3 C

55. RD3kB(A)1 IIIs-1 C 3st 3 C

Report No. Agri. 1420: Report on Detailed Soil Survey and Land Use of 2A2F5a, 2A2F5b,

and 2A2F5f sub-watersheds of Panchet Dam Catchment (RVP), District, Jharkhand.

The report covers an area of 9,455 ha spread over Panchet Dam Catchment, (RVP) situated in

P.S. Dhanbad and Gobindpur, District – Dhanbad, Jharkhand lies between 23° 39′ to 23° 51′

and 23° 46′ 30″ to 23° 52′ North Latitude & 86° 18′ 30″ to 86° 24′ 30″ and 86° 20′ 30″ to 86°

26′ 30″ East Longitude covered by toposheet Nos. 73I/5 and 73I/6.

Physiographically, the survey area is a part of Chottanagpur plateau. It has undulating and

dissected topography with complex slopes owing to numerous ridges and valleys. The

elevation of the area ranges from 140m to 300m above msl. The relief of the area is

subnormal and excessive at places. The drainage pattern of the area is dendritic and sub-

dendritic in nature. The area has been sub-divided into following units i) Hill side slopes, ii)

Upper convex upland iii) Middle convex upland and iv) Depression.

41

Geologically, the geological formation for the major part of the area consists of rocks of

various type and composition. The common rock of Archean system of the area is granite

gneiss with biotite veins consisting of feldspar, quartz, mica and other minerals i.e. shale and

sandstone. Besides granite gneiss, alluvium of sub-recent origin comprising coarser

sediments deposited by fluvial action occurs on river terrace and in valley fills.



1282 mm and the mean annual temperature is 22.2°C. The mean maximum and mean

minimum temperature of the area are 32.5°C and 12.3°C respectively. The area remains dry

for more than 120 cumulative days and period is more than 180 days which qualifies for

“Ustic” moisture regime other than in depressional area where soil moisture regime is

“Aquic”. The difference between mean summer and mean winter temperature is 12.7°C from

which one may assume that the soil temperature close is ‘Hyperthermic’.

Agriculture is the main livelihood for the people of the area. Nearly 75% of population

depends on agriculture and the rest are engaged in business, service or other jobs. Intensive

cultivation using modern farming technique and application of fertilizer etc. are not practiced

by common cultivators of the area. The main cropping seasons are kharif and rabi. Besides

farming, villagers supplement their income by collecting fuel woods and coals and selling

them in local market. Lands on favourable slope with proper bunding and terracing are

extensively cultivated for paddy in kharif season. Wheat, mung, Mustard and Maize are

grown in the mid upland plain and homestead areas during Rabi season. Fourteen soil series

have been identified in the surveyed area. Brief descriptions are as following.

Amra (A): The soil of this series comprises shallow, loamy skeletal textured, non-

calcareous excessively drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of

granite gneiss. These soil occur on moderately steep to steep sloping hills side slopes.

These soils have rapid to very rapid permeability. Mostly under waste land unsuitable for

cultivation and are susceptible to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified

are AR2dF3SR and AR2dF3 SR.

Barragarh (BG): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine textured, non-

calcareous, moderately well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of

shale. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping convex upland slope. The soil of

the series are unmanaged to poorly managed, mostly under plantation and are susceptible

slight to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are BG5hB(A)1,

BG5hB2, BG5kB2, BG5kC2, BG5kC3 and BG5kD3.

Dhanbad (DB): The soil of this series comprises deep, fine loamy textured, non-

calcareous, moderately well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of

granite gneiss. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping convex upland slope.

The soil of the series are poorly managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are

42

susceptible to none to slight water erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping

units identified are DB4dB2, DB4dC2, DB4kB(A)1 and DB4kC(A)1.

Dumka (D): The soil of this series comprises shallow, coarse loamy textured, non-

calcareous, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite

gneiss. These soils occur on gently to moderately sloping undulating upland. The soil of

the series are unmanaged, mostly under waste land unsuitable for cultivation and are

susceptible to moderate water erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units

identified are D2dC2, D2dD3S and D2dD3SR.

Gopalichak (GC): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, fine loamy

textured, non-calcareous, moderately well drained soils developed from weathered parent

materials of shale. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping undulating upland.

The soil of the series are mostly poorly managed, under single crop cultivation and are


units identified are GC3hC3, GC3kB(A)1, GC3kB3 SR and GC3kC2.

Jitpur (JT): The soil of this series comprises deep, fine loamy textured, non-calcareous,

moderately well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of sandstone.

These soils occur on very gently to moderately sloping convex upland. The soil of the

series are unmanaged, mostly under waste land unsuitable for cultivation and are

susceptible to slight to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are

JT4dB2, JT4dC2, JT4dC3, JT4kB(A)1, JT4kB2, JT4kC(A)1 and JT4kD3.

Karaya (K): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, non-

calcareous moderately well drained soils developed over alluvium-colluvium materials.

These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping depression. The soil of the series are

well managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are susceptible to none to slight

water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are K5hB(A)1, K5hC(A)1, K5kA1,

K5kB(A)1 and K5kC(A)1.

Kenduadih (KD): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, non-


sandstone. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping plain-uplands. The soil of

the series are poorly managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are susceptible to

slight to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are KD5dB2, KD5dC2,

KD5kB(A)1, KD5kB2, KD5kC(A)1, KD5kC2 and KD5kC3.

Majladih (MJ): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine textured, non-


shale. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping plain-mid uplands. The soil of

the series are moderately managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are

susceptible to slight to moderate water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are

MJ5hB(A)1, MJ5hB2, MJ5hC(A)1, MJ5hC2 and MJ5kB(A)1.

43

Nagrikalan (NK): The soil of this series comprises shallow, coarse loamy textured, non-

calcareous, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of shale. These

soils occur on very gently to gently sloping convex upland. The soil of the series are

unmanaged, mostly under waste land unsuitable for cultivation and are susceptible to

moderate water erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are

NK2kB2, NK2kC2 and NK2kC3SR.

Petia (PT): The soil of this series comprises very deep, fine loamy textured, non-


sandstone. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping plain-mid uplands. The soil

of the series are moderately managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are

susceptible to slight to moderate water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are

PT5hB(A)1, PT5hB2, PT5kC(A)1 and PT5kC2.

Radhadamodarpur (RD): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, fine loamy

textured, non-calcareous, well drained soil developed from weathered parent materials of

granite gneiss. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping convex slope. The soil

of the series are poorly managed, mostly under waste land unsuitable for cultivation and

are susceptible to none to slight water erosion to severe water erosion. The soil mapping

units identified are RD3dB2, RD3dC2, RD3dC3S, RD3kB(A)1 and RD3kC(A)1.

Sabaldih (SD): The soil of this series comprises moderately deep, fine loamy textured,

non-calcareous, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of

sandstone. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping upper convex upland. The

soil of the series are unmanaged, mostly under waste land unsuitable for cultivation and

are susceptible to slight to severe water erosion. The soil mapping units identified are

SD3dB2, SD3dC3, SD3dC3SR, SD3dC3SR, SD3kB(A)1 and SD3kC2.

Tetulmari (TM): The soil of this series comprises very deep, coarse loamy textured,

non-calcareous, well drained soils developed from weathered parent materials of granite

gneiss. These soils occur on very gently to gently sloping undulating upland. The soil of

the series are moderately managed, mostly under single crop cultivation and are


units identified are TM5dB2, TMdC2, TM5kB(A)1, TM5kC(A)1 and TM5kC2.


S.

No.

Soil Mapping

Unit

Land

Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Paddy Soil

Group

Hydrologic

Soil Group

1. AR2dF3SR VIes-1 E 6st 4 D

2. AR2dF3 SR VIes-1 E 6st 4 D

3. BG5hB(A)1 II-1 A 2s 2 B

4. BG5hB2 IIe-1 A 2st 2 B

5. BG5kB2 IIe-1 A 2st 2 B

44

S.

No.

Soil Mapping

Unit

Land

Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Paddy Soil

Group

Hydrologic

Soil Group

6. BG5kC2 IIIe-1 A 3st 3 B

7. BG5kC3 IVe-1 A 3st 3 B

8. BG5kD3 IVe-2 A 4st 3 B

9. DB4dB2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 C

10. DB4dC2 IIIe-1 B 3t 3 C

11. DB4kB(A)1 II-1 B 2 2 C

12. DB4kC(A)1 III-1 B 3t 2 C

13. D2dC2 IVes-1 D 4t 4 D

14. D2dD3S IVes-3 D 4t 4 D

15. D2dD3SR IVes-3 D 4t 4 D

16. GC3hC3 IVes-2 C 3t 3 C

17. GC3kB(A)1 IIIs-1 C 3 3 C

18. GC3kB3 SR IVes-2 C 3t 3 C

19. GC3kC2 IIIes-2 C 3t 3 C

20. JT4dB2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 B

21. JT4dC2 IIIe-1 B 3t 3 B

22. JT4dC3 IVe-1 B 3t 3 B

23. JT4kB(A)1 II-1 B 2 2 B

24. JT4kB2 IIe-1 B 2t 2 B

25. JT4kC(A)1 III-1 B 3 2 B

26. JT4kD3 IVe-2 B 4t 3 B

27. K5hB(A)1 II-1 B 2 2 C

28. K5hC(A)1 III-1 B 2 2 C

29. K5kA1 II-1 B 2 2 C

30. K5kB(A)1 II-1 B 2 2 C

31. K5kC(A)1 III-1 B 3 2 C

32. KD5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B

33. KD5dC2 III-1 A 3t 3 B

34. KD5kB(A)1 II-1 A 2 2 B

35. KD5kB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B

36. KD5kC(A)1 III-1 A 3 2 B

37. KD5kC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B

38. KD5kC3 IVe-1 A 3t 3 B

39. MJ5hB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2s 2 B

40. MJ5hB2 IIes-1 B 2st 2 B

45

S.

No.

Soil Mapping

Unit

Land

Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Paddy Soil

Group

Hydrologic

Soil Group

41. MJ5hC(A)1 IIIs-1 B 3s 2 B

42. MJ5hC2 IIIes-1 B 3st 3 B

43. MJ5kB(A)1 IIs-1 B 2s 2 B

44. NK2kB2 IVes-1 D 4st 4 D

45. NK2kC3SR IVes-3 D 4st 4. D

46. NK2kC2 IVes-1 D 4st 4 D

47. PT5hB(A)1 II-1 A 2s 2 B

48. PT5hB2 IIe-1 A 2st 2 B

49. PT5kC(A)1 III-1 A 3s 2 B

50. PT5kC2 IIIe-1 A 3st 3 B

51. RD3dB2 IIIes-1 C 3t 3 C

52. RD3dC2 IIIes-2 C 3t 3 C

53. RD3dC3S IVes-2 C 3t 3 C

54. RD3kB(A)1 IIIs-1 C 3 3 C

55. RD3kC(A)1 IIIs-1 C 3 3 C

56. SD3dB2 IIIes-1 C 3t 3 C

57. SD3dC3 IVes-2 C 3t 3 C

58. SD3dC3SR IVes-2 C 3t 3 C

59. SD3dC3SR IVes-2 C 3t 3 C

60. SD3kB(A)1 IIIs-1 C 3 3 C

61. SD3kC2 IIIes-2 C 3t 3 C

62. TM5dB2 IIe-1 A 2t 2 B

63. TMdC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B

64. TM5kB(A)1 II-1 A 2 2 B

65. TM5kC(A)1 III-1 A 3 2 B

66. TM5kC2 IIIe-1 A 3t 3 B

4.3. Soil Resource Mapping Reports

Report No. SRM-6: Report on Soil Resource Mapping of Goa using Remote Sensing

Techniques.

The report covers an area of 3,70,200 ha. Geographically the area lies between 73° 40′ 54″ to

74° 20′ 11″ East Longitudes and 14° 53′ 47″ to 15° 47′ 59″ North Latitude covered by Survey

of India Toposheets No. 48E/10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 48I/2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 48J/1, 5.

Physiographically, Goa has hilly terrain lies in the southern ends of the Sahyadri range form

the part of Western ghat. These hills after skirting a considerable part of the northern, eastern

46

and southern boundaries of the state branches off westwards across the territory with many

spurs and ridges. The most picturesque region of the area is located in the lower basin of the

Mandovi and Zuari rivers, which joins to form a bay. There are nearly half a dozen islets

between the estuaries of these rivers. The Goa State can be divided into following major

physiographic units viz. i) mountain, ii) Hill side slope, iii) foot hill slope, iv) plateau plains,

v) hillocks / subdued hills, vi) pediment, vii) narrow hill valleys and viii) lower paddy plains.

Geologically, Goa is made up of Goa group of rocks belonging to the age Archean /

Proterozoic age, Deccan trap of upper cretaceous to lower Eocene age. South-western part of

Goa constitutes the coastal plain which includes beach, mudflat, swamps and saltpans. Goa

has a very complex Geology. Laterite and granite are generally found through out the

surveyed area.

Climatically, Goa has a warm tropical climate. It is neither hot nor too cold throughout the

year with mean annual temperature of 27.7 °C. The average rainfall is 2,448 mm. The mean

summer temperature is 29 °C and mean winter temperature is 27 °C. The difference between

the mean summer and mean winter is 2°C thus the soil temperature regime is

“Isohyperthermic”.

The major landuse / land cover categories identified the study area comprises in agriculture,

forest, plantation, open scrub, water bodies and built-up lands. Nearly 25% of the area of Goa

is under forest and the land marks originate from Archean rock formations which are very

thick. The natural vegetation of Goa consists of dense forests of dry deciduous to moist

deciduous type. The entire land is covered with Verdant forest, coconut, cashew nut and

mango trees groves, and at places is inter spread with extensive paddy fields. Teak of good

quality is one of the products of the forest besides Bamboo and Eucalyptus trees.

Forty five soil series have been identified and mapped in the survey area on the basis of soil

morphological and physico-chemical properties. A brief description of individual soil series

are given below.

Ardophand (A): This series consists of deep, well drained with moderately rapid

permeability, brown to dark brown with fine soils developed over granite gneiss

landscape on 1-5% slope of lower pediplains.

Astagol (AG): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained and

moderately rapid permeability, dark brown, clayey skeletal soils developed over granite

gneiss landscape on 5-15% slope of subdued hills. These soils are under moderately

dense forest with poorly managed.

Badal (B): This series consists of very deep, poorly drained and slow permeability,

dark grayish brown, very fine soils developed over coastal alluvium on 0-1% slope of

coastal alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation with well managed.

Barsen (BS): This series consists of very deep, well drained with moderately rapid

permeability, dark reddish brown, clayey skeletal soils developed over laterite landscape

47

on 25-50% slope of undifferentiated hill side. These soils are under moderately dense

forest and unmanaged.

Betora (BT): This series consists of very deep, well drained with moderately rapid

permeability, brown, fine textured soils developed over granite landscape on 3-10%

slope of pediments. These soils are under forest and unmanaged.

Bhati (BH): This series consists of deep, well drained with moderately rapid

permeability, dark brown, clayey skeletal soils developed over granite landscape on 5-

15% slope of foot hill slope. These soils are under medium forest unmanaged.

Bombad (BB): This series consists of moderately deep, moderately well drained with

moderately rapid permeability, dark brown, fine loamy soils developed over granite

landscape on 3-10% slope of pediments. These soils are under forest and unmanaged.

Britova (BR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with

moderately permeability, dark reddish brown, clayey skeletal soils developed over

laterite landscape on 15-25% slope of undifferentiated hill side. These soils are under

open scrub and unmanaged.

Charavale (CL): This series consists of deep, moderately well drained with moderately

permeability, yellow colour, fine soils developed over schist landscape on 1-5% slope of

lower pediplains. These soils are under cultivation with partially managed.

Chorla (CH): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with

moderately rapid permeability, strong brown, fine textured soils developed over basalt

landscape on 25-33% slope of hill side. These soils are under forest with unmanaged.

Curchorem (CH): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with

moderately rapid permeability, dark reddish brown colour, fine textured soils developed

over granite landscape on 25-50% slope of hill side slope. These soils are under forest

and are unmanaged.

Derode (DR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, brown colour, clayey skeletal textured soils developed over

quartzite landscape on 15-25% slope of hill side. These soils are under forest with

unmanaged.

Diyanv (DY): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, brown colour, clayey skeletal soils developed over schist

landscape on 10-25% slope of hill side. These soils are under cultivation with well

managed.

Donga (D): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, brown colour, coarse loamy textured soils developed over

granite landscape on 1-5% slope of foot hill slope. These soils are under open scrub with

unmanaged.

48

Fatarde (F): This series consists of very deep, well drained with moderately well

permeability, dark yellowish brown, sandy textured soils developed over coastal

alluvium on 0-1% slope of coastal alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation with

well managed.

Girin (GR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, grayish brown, coarse loamy textured soils developed over

alluvium on 0-1% slope of stream banks. These soils are under open scrub / cultivation

with unmanaged.

Gudi (G): This series consists of deep, moderately well drained with moderately

permeability, dark yellowish brown, coarse loamy soils developed over granite landscape

on 25-33% slope of hill side. These soils are under open scrub and are unmanaged.

Gulle (GL): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, brown colour, fine silty soils developed over schist landscape

on 15-25% slope of hill side. These soils are under forest and are unmanaged.

Ivre Khurd (I): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, brown colour, coarse silty soils developed over basalt

landscape on 25-33% slope of hill side. These soils are under forest and are unmanaged.

Keri (K): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with


schist landscape on 3-10% slope of foot hill slope. These soils are under plantation and

are unmanaged.

Khajahawada (KW): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained

with moderately permeability, dark yellowish brown colour, clayey skeletal textured

soils developed over laterite landscape on 5-20% slope of subdued hill. These soils are

under open scrub and are unmanaged.

Kharri (KR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, brown colour, fine soils developed over granite landscape on 1-

5% slope of foot hill side. These soils are under forest and are unmanaged.

Khodiye (KH): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, strong brown colour, clayey skeletal textured soils developed

over schist landscape on 5-15% slope of subdued hills slope. These soils are under forest

and are unmanaged

Kodal (KO): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with


quartzite landscape on 5-20% slope of subdued hill. These soils are under forest and are

unmanaged

49

Kodar (KD): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, yellowish red colour, fine soils developed over granite

landscape on 25-33% slope of hill side. These soils are under forest and are unmanaged.

Kalval (KV): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, dark reddish brown colour, fine soils developed over laterite

landscape on 1-5% slope of narrow hill valleys. These soils are under open scrub and are

unmanaged.

Kukeli (KL): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, dark reddish brown colour, clayey skeletal textured soils

developed over laterite landscape on 3-10% slope of foot hill side. These soils are under

plantation and are unmanaged

Kundal (KN): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, dark reddish brown colour, loamy skeletal soils developed over

lagterite landscape on 3-10% slope of foot hill. These soils are under plantation and are

unmanaged

Kuntal (KT): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, dark brown colour, fine loamy textured soils developed over

granite landscape on 0-5% slope of narrow hill valley. These soils are under forest and

are unmanaged.

Kup (KP): This series consists of deep, moderately well drained with moderately

permeability, strong brown colour, clayey skeletal textured soils developed over schist

landscape on 10-25% slope of pediments. These soils are under open scrub with

unmanaged.

Madkai (MK): This series consists of very shallow, well drained with rapid

permeability, dark brown colour, sandy skeletal soils developed over laterite landscape

on 1-5% slope of hill crust. These soils are under pasture land and are unmanaged

Mandvi (MD): This series consists of very deep, moderately drained with moderately

permeability, reddish brown colour, fine loamy textured soils developed over alluvium

on 1-3% slope of stream banks. These soils are under open scrub and cultivated with

well managed.

Manvi (MN): This series consists of deep, moderately well drained with moderately

permeability, strong brown colour, clayey textured soils developed over schist landscape

on 3-10% slope of subdued hill. These soils are under cultivation and are unmanaged.

Model (M): This series consists of shallow, well drained with moderately permeability,

dark brown colour, sandy skeletal soils developed over laterite landscape on 1-5% slope

of narrow hill valleys. These soils are under pasture land and are unmanaged.

Nagre (N): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, light brown colour, loamy skeletal textured soils developed

50

over schist landscape on 3-10% slope of subdued hill. These soils are under forest and

are unmanaged.

Ponda (P): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with


granite landscape on 5-15% slope of hillocks. These soils are under plantation and are

unmanaged.

Sannogal (SG): This series consists of shallow, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, dark brown colour, loamy skeletal soils developed over laterite

landscape on 5-25% slope of subdue hill. These soils are under open scrub and are

unmanaged.

Sarjhora (S): This series consists of moderately deep, moderately well to well drained

with moderately permeability, dark yellowish brown colour, coarse loamy textured soils

developed over granite landscape on 1-5% slope of hill side slope. These soils are under

cultivation and are unmanaged.

Satre (SR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, dark yellowish brown colour, loamy skeletal textured soils

developed over quartzite landscape on 0-5% slope of narrow hill valley. These soils are

under forest and are unmanaged.

Sauntawada (ST): This series consists of very deep, poorly to imperfect drained with

slow permeability, dark yellowish brown colour, fine loamy soils developed over granite

landscape on 1-5% slope of plateau. These soils are under poor cultivation and are

unmanaged.

Shrival (SH): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, dark yellowish brown colour, fine soils developed over laterite

landscape on 5-10% slope of pediments. These soils are under cultivation and are

unmanaged.

Valpoy (VP): This series consists of deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, yellowish brown colour, fine textured soils dev eloped over

schist landscape on 25-33% slope of hill side. These soils are under plantation and are

unmanaged.

Velge (V): This series consists of deep, moderately well drained with moderately

permeability, dark reddish brown colour, clayey skeletal soils developed over laterite

landscape on 25-33% slope of hill side. These soils are under pasture and are

unmanaged.

Veluz (VL): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, brown colour, fine loamy textured soils developed over schist

landscape on 0-5% slope of narrow hill valley. These soils are under cultivation and are

unmanaged.

51

Waddem (W): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately permeability, dusky red colour, fine textured soils developed over laterite

landscape on 0-3% slope of foot hill. These soils are under cultivation and are

unmanaged.


S.

No.

Soil Mapping

Unit

Land Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Hydrologic

Soil Group

1. Alb2a1 IIw A 2 B

2. Alg2a1 IIw A 2 B

3. Alg2c1 IIw A 2 B

4. BAn6c1 VIIes E 6 C

5. BAn8c1 VIIes E 6 D

6. BAn8d1 VIIes E 6 D

7. CAl1a1 IIw A 2 B

8. CAl1c1 IIw A 2 B

9. CAl1d1 IIw A 2 B

10. GGn8c1 VIIes E 6 D

11. GGr5c1 VIIe E 6 C

12. GGu3a1 IVe B 2 B

13. GRi3a1 IVe B 2 B

14. GRi3b1 IVe B 2 C

15. GRi4d1 Ve C 3 C

16. GRi5c1 VIe C 3 C

17. GRn6a1 VIe C 4 C

18. GRn6b1 VIIes E 6 C

19. GRn6c1 VIIes E 6 C

20. GRn6d1 VIIes E 6 C

21. GRn8a1 VIIes E 6 C

22. GRn8b1 VIIes E 6 D

23. GRn8c1 VIIes E 6 D

24. GRn8d1 VIIes E 6 D

25. GRo3a1 IVe B 2 C

26. GRo3b1 IVe B 2 C

27. GRo5c1 IVe C 3 C

28. GRp3a1 IIe B 2 B

29. GRp3b1 IIIe C 3 C

52

S.

No.

Soil Mapping

Unit

Land Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Hydrologic

Soil Group

30. GRp3c1 IIIe C 3 C

31. GRr3c1 IVe C 3 C

32. GRr5a1 VIe C 3 C

33. GRu4a1 IVe C 3 B

34. GRu4b1 Ve C 3 C

35. GRu4c1 VIe C 3 C

36. GRu4d1 Ve C 3 C

37. LAi3a1 IVe C 3 C

38. LAi3b1 IVe C 3 C

39. LAi3c1 IVe C 3 C

40. LAi3d1 IVe C 3 C

41. LAn6a1 VIe C 4 C

42. LAn6b1 VIIes E 6 C

43. LAn6c1 VIIes E 6 C

44. LAn6d1 VIIes E 6 C

45. LAn8a1 VIIes D 4 C

46. LAn8b1 VIIes E 6 D

47. LAn8c1 VIIes E 6 D

48. LAn8d1 VIIes E 6 D

49. LAo2a1 IIIe B 2 B

50. LAo4a1 IVe C 3 C

51. LAo4b1 Ve C 3 C

52. LAo4c1 Ve C 3 C

53. LAo4d1 Ve C 3 C

54. LAp3a1 IIe A 2 B

55. LAp3b1 IIIe B 2 C

56. LAr5a1 Ve C 3 C

57. LAr5b1 Ve C 3 C

58. LAr5c1 VIe C 3 C

59. LAu4a1 Ve C 3 B

60. LAu4b1 VIe C 3 C

61. LAu4c1 VIe C 3 C

62. LAu4d1 VIe C 3 C

63. QZn6a1 VIe C 3 C

64. QZn6c1 VIIe D 4 C

53

S.

No.

Soil Mapping

Unit

Land Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Hydrologic

Soil Group

65. QZn6d1 VIIes E 6 D

66. QZr5c1 VIe C 3 C

67. QZr8c1 VIIe D 4 D

68. SCn6a1 VIe C 4 C

69. SCn6b1 VIIes E 6 C

70. SCn6c1 VIIes E 6 C

71. SCn8b1 VIIes E 6 D

72. SCn8c1 VIIes E 6 D

73. SCn8d1 VIIes E 6 D

74. SCo4c1 VIe C 3 C

75. SCp3a1 IIe A 2 B

76. SCp3c1 IIIe B 2 C

77. SCr5a1 Ve C 3 C

78. SCr5c1 VIe C 3 C

79. SCw3a1 IIe A 2 B

80. SCw3b1 IIe A 2 B

81. SCw3c1 IIIe C 3 C

Report No. SRM-7: Report on Soil Resource Mapping of Siwan district, Bihar state.

The report covers an area of 2,21,900 ha. Geographically the area lies between 84° 0′ 48″ to

84° 47′ 23″ East Longitude and 25° 53′ 13″ to 26° 22′ 04″ North Latitude covered by Survey

of India toposheet Nos. 72B/3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16 & 72C/1.

Physiographically, the surveyed area is a part of North Bihar Indo-Gangetic plain situated at

an elevation of 50-70 m above msl. The entire district is a flat plain with slope less than 3%

except some parts of stream banks and levees where slope varies up to 5% paleo-channels

and ox-bow lakes are form at places. The general slope is from north to south towards river

Ghaghra.

Geologically, The soils are derived from Indo-Gangetic alluvial. There are two types of

alluvium viz. old alluvium and recent alluvium. In old alluvium nodular segregation of

calcium carbonates known as “kankar” is formed which is used largely as road materials. The

soils vary from heavy clay formed in low swampy area to silty loam in upland. The clay are

locally known as “Bangar” while the upland silt loam to silty clay loam soils are designated

as “Bhatha”. Alluvium of sub recent to recent origin comprising coarser sediments were

deposited by fluvial action of river.

54

Climatically, the area falls in the middle Gangetic plain Agro climatic zone as per Planning

Comission. The district is characterized as tropical to sub-tropical sub humid climatic zone

with three distinct season viz. summer, winter and monsoon. The annual average rainfall

precipitation is 1,012 mm. The annual temperature ranges from a mean monthly maximum

temperature of 35.6 °C to are mean minimum temperature of 9.1 °C. The mean summer and

mean winter temperature are 29.8 °C and 16.5 °C respectively. Since the difference between

mean summer and mean winter temperature is more than 6 °C and mean annual temperature

is 25.2° C, the temperature regime of the area is classified as “hyperthermic”.

Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for the people of the area. Nearly 75 of the

population depend on agriculture and the remaining are either engaged in business or service

or other petty jobs. Paddy, wheat, maize and sugarcane are the common crops grown

extensively. However millets, oilseeds, legumes, pulses and vegetables are also taken in small

area.

Twenty soils series have been identified in the survey area. A brief description of individual

soil series are as follows.

Ageyan (AG): This series consists of very deep, poorly to imperfectly drained with

moderately slow permeability, dark gray to olive, fine loamy soils developed over

alluvium on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation with none to

slight erosion and well managed.

Babhnauli (BN): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly drained with

moderately slow permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, fine loamy soils

developed over alluvium on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are cultivated to

paddy and wheat with none to slight erosion and well managed.

Barkagaon (BG): This series consists of very deep, poorly drained with slow

permeability, dark gray to olive brown, fine loamy soils developed over alluvium on

nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation to paddy and wheat with

none to slight erosion and well managed.

Bhantapokhar (BP): This series consists of very deep, poorly to imperfectly drained

and slow permeability, dark grayish brown to light olive brown, fine soils, developed

over alluvium on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are cultivated to paddy and

wheat with none to slight erosion and well managed.

Gayaspur (GP): This series consists of very deep, well drained and rapid permeability,

light brownish gray to olive brown, coarse loamy soils, developed over alluvium on very

gently to gently sloping levees. These soils are under cultivation to wheat and maize with

slight to moderate erosion and moderately managed.

Hilsar (V): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with moderately

rapid permeability, dark grayish brown to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils

developed over alluvium on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial plains. These

55

soils are under orchard plantation like mango and litchi with slight to moderate erosion

and moderately managed.

Jhunapur (JP): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with

moderate permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils developed

over alluvium on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial plains.

Jurkan (JK): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly drained with moderately

slow permeability, dark grayish brown to light olive brown, fine loamy soils developed

over alluvium on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation to paddy

and wheat with none to slight erosion and well managed.

Mahadewa (MD): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly drained with

moderately slow permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils

developed over alluvium on very gently to gently sloping stream bank. These soils are

under cultivation with moderate to severe erosion and poorly managed.

Mohadipur (MP): This series consists of very deep, poorly drained with slow

permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, fine loamy soils developed over alluvium

on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation to wheat and paddy with

none to slight erosion and well managed.

Munra (MR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with

moderately rapid permeability, grayish brown to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils

developed over alluvium on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial plains. These

soils are under cultivation like maize, wheat, paddy, mustard etc. with none to slight

erosion and well managed.

Nautan (NT): This series consists of very deep, well drained with rapid permeability,

light olive brown to light yellowish brown, coarse loamy soils developed over alluvium

on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation to

wheat, maize and vegetables with none to slight erosion and well managed.

Pachbenia (PB): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly drained with

moderately slow permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils

developed over alluvium on very gently to gently sloping levees. These soils are under

cultivation to wheat, maize and pulses etc. with slight to moderate erosion and

moderately well managed.

Puraina (PR): This series consists of very deep, moderately well drained with

moderate permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils developed

over alluvium on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial plains. These soils are under

cultivation to paddy and wheat with none to slight erosion and well managed.

Ramnagar (RN): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly to moderately well

drained with moderate permeability, dark grayish brown to light yellowish brown, fine

loamy soils developed over alluvium on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial

56

plains. These soils are under cultivation to wheat, maize and paddy etc. with none to

slight erosion and well managed.

Rasulpur (RP): This series consists of very deep, moderately well to well drained with

moderately rapid permeability, olive gray to light yellowish brown, coarse loamy soils

developed over alluvium on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation

to paddy and wheat with none to slight erosion and well managed.

Saraya (SR): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly drained with moderately

slow permeability, olive brown to light olive brown, fine loamy soils developed over

alluvium on nearly level alluvial plains. These soils are under cultivation to wheat and

paddy with none to slight erosion and well managed.

Siswa (SW): This series consists of very deep, imperfectly to moderately well drained

with moderate permeability, dark gray to light olive brown, fine loamy soils developed

over alluvium on nearly level to very gently sloping alluvial plains. These soils are under

cultivation to wheat and paddy with none to slight erosion and well managed.

Thepha (TP): This series consists of deep, poorly to imperfectly drained with

moderately slow permeability, gray to light brownish gray, fine loamy soils developed

over alluvium on very gently to gently sloping channel beds. These soils are under

cultivation to paddy, sugarcane and other rabi crops with moderate to severe erosion and

poorly managed.

Trikalpur (TK): This series consists of very deep, well drained with moderately rapid

permeability, light brownish gray to light olive brown, coarse loamy soils developed

over alluvium on very gently to gently sloping levees. These soils are under cultivation

to wheat, maize, vegetables and watermelon etc. with slight to moderate erosion and

moderately managed.


S.

No.

Soil Mapping

Unit

Land Capability

Class

Soil

Irrigability

Class

Land

Irrigability

Class

Hydrologic

Soil Group

1. Alb1a1 II B 2 B

2. Alb1a2 II B 2 B

3. Alb1a3 II B 2 C

4. Alb2a1 II B 2 B

5. Alb2a2 II B 2 B

6. Alb2a3 II C 2 B

7. Alb2a4 II C 2 B

8. Alb2b1 II C 2 B

9. Ale3a1 III C 3 B

10. ALg3a1 IV C 3 C

57

Impact Evaluation of Watershed Development Programme in Shifting

Cultivation areas of North Eastern States using Remote Sensing and GIS

Techniques - A case study of Kohima District, Nagaland

A project for Impact Evaluation of Watershed Development Programme on Shifting

Cultivation (Jhum) in of Seven Districts of North Eastern States using Remote Sensing and

GIS Techniques was initiated in the year 2010 by the Division of Natural Resource

Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India and the work was undertaken by SLUSI

during 2010 and the work was undertaken by Soil & Land Use Survey of India during 2010.

The study has been carried out on jhooming over aperiod of ten years (200-2009)

Mapping of Jhum Land: Separation of current and abandoned jhumland based on

unsupervised classification is done and then have been delineated and symboliged as per

standard legend followed by ground verification and supervised classification

The recent study has revealed that Kohima district in the year 2000 had about 19831 ha

(6.00%) of land under Current Jhum and 26261ha (7.95%) land remains Abandoned after

Jhum. But in the year 2005, the area under Current and Abandoned Jhum are 16268 ha

(4.92%) and 37579ha (11.37%) and in 2009 is 11373ha (3.4%) and 54468ha (16.5%)

respectively which proves that practice of shifting cultivation reduces with time. Similarly

permanent cultivation increases from 9021ha (2.73%) in the year 2000 to 15323 ha ( 4.64%)

in the year 2005 and further reaching a figure of 22749ha (6.9%) in the year 2009.Normal

forest decreases from 271834 ha (82.24%) in 2000 to 236464 ( 71.5%) in 2009. In 2005

normal forest accounts for 257226 ha (77.82%).Habitation spreads up from 3583ha (1.08%)

in 2000 to 5476 ha (1.7%) in 2009 which is depicted in table 1. Young abandoned jhum up to

three years old on imagery appeared as greenish gray to bluish gray with light red mottles and

light red to pinkish red with medium to coarse texture. They are irregular and varying in size

and shape and are found everywhere in jhum affected area. Depending on the vegetation type

before cultivating the land, young abandoned jhum may have large number of young bamboo

shoots, tree seedling and sapling.

In the district, the trend in decrease in current jhuming and subsequent increase in permanent

cultivation indicates that good soil conservation and land management measures might have

been taken and / or peoples adaptation for permanent cultivation have been made during the

years.

Jhum Land in Kohima District, Nagaland from 2000- 2009 (4-5 years interval) (Area in ha)

Land Use 2000 2005 2009

Area % Area % Area %

Shifting Cultivation

Current Jhum 19,831 6.00 16,268 4.92 11,373 3.4

Abandoned Jhum 26,261 7.95 37,579 11.37 54,468 16.5

Sub total 46,092 13.95 53,847 16.29 65,841 19.9

58

Land Use 2000 2005 2009


Others

Permanent Agriculture 9,021 2.73 15,323 4.64 22,749 6.9

Normal Forest 271,834 82.24 2,57,226 77.82 2,36,464 71.5

Habitation/ Misc. 3,583 1.08 4,134 1.25 5,476 1.7

Sub total 2,84,438 86.05 2,76,683 83.71 2,64,689 80.1

Grand Total 3,30,530 100 3,30,530 100 3,30,530 100

Study of Vegetative Index: To evaluate the impact vegetation index over a time span of 10

years, Normalized Differential Vegetative Index (NDVI) and Change detection analysis

(2000 to 2009) using NIR band were created. The impact of watershed development is

reflected in terms of overall change in biomass from Normalized Differential Vegetative

Index (NDVI).

Distribution of Biomass Status of Kohima District during 2000-2009 (Area in ha)

Biomass Status 2000 2005 2009


Very Low 407 0.12 12,214 3.7 4,149 1.26

Low 20,696 6.26 2,43,395 73.6 2,36,159 71.45

Medium 2,59,325 78.46 64,675 19.6 81,839 24.76

High 47,160 14.27 10,125 3.06 8,318 2.52

Very High 2,942 0.89 121 0.04 65 0.02

Total 3,30,530 100 3,30,530 100 2,10,066 100

IRS-1C 12.12.2000 IRS-1D 29.12.2005 IRS-P6 14.11.2009

Basic Data - IRS FCC

59

Change Detection Analysis: An attempt has also been made to assess the impact of

watershed development on shifting cultivation areas by change detection study (with Near

Infra Red band) reflecting pixel to pixel difference over 10 years time span. Pixel which has

NIR value of minimum 20% more or less from the corresponding value of the reference year

is represented as increased (green) or decreased (red) in Biomass content respectively .As the

forest vegetation decreases and permanent cultivation increases the overall biomass

decreases. Change detection analysis through a period of ten years (2000, 2005 & 2009) was

done using near infrared (NIR) band.

Change Detection Analysis (using NDVI): Change detection analysis has also been done

using NDVI to evaluate the overall impact of vegetation index over a time span of 10 years.

Conclusion: Decrease in current jhum area and increase in permanent cultivation during the

ten years span clearly indicate that good soil conservation and land management measures

might have been taken and / or peoples adaptation for permanent cultivation have been

increased.

Similar observation has also been noticed from NDVI and change detection analysis.

However, analysis with high resolution satellite data will definitely provide better accuracy

on the above findings.

Basic Data Data Source Secondary Data

IRS LISS-III Image

Rectified Image

Land Use/ Land Cover Area Estimation

Periodic IRS LISS-III Data Set

Un-supervised Classification

Ground Verification

Supervised Classification

Change Detection

Biomass Content

Geo-rectified Digital Toposheet

NDVI

Final Assessment

Report Flow Chart for Methodology

60

Land Use/Land Cover

(2000)

Area

(ha)

%

Current Jhum 19,831 6.0

Abandoned Jhum 26,261 8.0

Permanent Agriculture 9,021 2.7

Forest 2,71,834 82.2

Habitation 3,583 1.1

Total 3,30,530 100.0

Land Use/Land Cover

(2000)

Area

(ha)

%




Forest 2,36,464 71.5


Total 3,30,530 100.0

Land Use/Land Cover

(2000)

Area

(ha)

%




Forest 2,57,226 77.8


Total 3,30,530 100.0

Supervised Classification of Kohima, Nagaland

IRS-1C 12.12.2000

IRS-1D 29.12.2005

IRS-P6 14.11.2009

61

Class Area (ha)

Very Low 407

Low 20,696

Medium 2,59,325

High 47,160

Very High 2,942

Total 3,30,530

Class Area (ha)

Very Low 4,149

Low 236,159

Medium 81,839

High 8,318

Very High 65

Total 3,30,530

Class Area (ha)

Very Low 12,214

Low 2,43,395

Medium 64,675

High 10,125

Very High 121

Total 3,30,530

IRS-1C 12.12.2000

IRS-1D 29.12.2005

IRS-P6 14.11.2009

Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI)

62

Change Class Area (ha)

Decrease 20,892

Increase 2,909

Unchanged 3,06,729

Total 3,30,530


Decrease 41,582

Increase 1,088

Unchanged 2,87,860

Total 3,30,530

Change Detection of Biomass using Original Image (Band: NIR)

2000 – 2005

2005 – 2009

2000 – 2009


Decrease 260,437

Increase 420

Unchanged 61,673

Total 3,30,530

63


Decrease 2,68,437

Increase 420

Unchanged 61,673

Total 3,30,530


Decrease 1,71,728

Increase 763

Unchanged 1,58,039

Total 3,30,530


Decrease 1,20,013

Increase 3,703

Unchanged 2,06,814

Total 3,30,530

Change Detection of Biomass using NDVI

2000 – 2005

2005 – 2009

2000 – 2009

64

Soil and Land Use Survey Website (http://slusi.dacnet.nic.in)

Soil and Land Use Survey of India website is hosted by NIC and redesigned in the

year 2010 with the latest information to make it more interactive to the stakeholders and

users. The website has two sections.

General Information: The header menu contains general information about SLUSI such as

About Us, Centres, Activities, Organization Chart, Mandate, RTI Act, Contact us, etc.

Technical Information: This section provides information on the following.

Surveys and Reports: The left menu section provides information on various types

Surveys i.e. Rapid Reconnaissance Survey (RRS), Detail Soil Survey (DSS), Land

Degradation Mapping (LDM), Soil Resource Mapping (SRM). Survey Status Maps

and abstracts of published reports of these surveys available for ready reference of

stakeholders are available on the website which is very useful to the stakeholders. The

users may also browse different bulletins, annual reports, latest new of SLUSI, etc.

Digital Watershed Atlas of India: The Watershed Atlas of India published by Soil

and Land Use Survey of India has now been brought under digital environment using

GIS and RDBMS by the organization as step towards development of Spatial

Database not only to serve the country in a sustained manner but to disseminate the

information on line, to the users through information technology. The digital atlas is

going to be the backbone of many future information systems and applications.

Platform free Microwatershed Atlas of India: Recognizing the need of

dissemination of soil survey information through modern technology, SLUSI has set

up the infrastructure for Information Communication Technology (ICT) to host GIS

based Web Services for the benefit of the users dealing with natural resources

management. SLUSI has contemplated to generate digital spatial database for easy

and hassle-free dissemination to the main stakeholder and provides watershed based

soil and land information.

Information on Training and Consultancy: Two weeks training on soil and land

resource inventory for integrated watershed development is organized bi-annually for

the officers of State Governments and other user departments. Training details are

updated from time to time on the website. Since 1994, the organization initiated

consultancy project in the field of soil and land resource mapping for watershed

management. The expertise of the SLUSI in the consultancy project is also provided

on the website.

Soil and Land Use Information System for G2G Services: As a part of E-

Government services, the SLUSI is providing Soil and Land Use Information System

under Government to Government (G2G) services. So that other government

departments can share this information. It is GIS based information on various Soil

Surveys such as RRS, DSS, LDM and SRM. The users have to register with the

website in order to access this information, for more information in this regard they

may contact, CSSO, SLUSI.

http://gisserver.nic.in/aislus/

65

Screen shot of Soil and Land Use Information System for G2G Services

Screen shot of Website of SLUSI

http://gisserver.nic.in/aislus/

66

6. Participation in Seminar, Symposium and Conference

1. 11th

ESRI India User Conference “GIS: Designing our Future” held at Radison Hotel,

Noida on 21st and 22

nd April, 2010. The conference was attended by:

1. Dr. S. N. Das, Chief Soil Survey Officer

2. Dr. A. K. Barman, Soil Survey Officer, Regional Centre (North)

3. Sh. S. Oraon, Cartographic Officer, Regional Centre (North)

4. Sh. R. K. Sharma, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer, HQ

5. Dr. S. Saha, Asstt. Field Officer, Remote Sensing Centre

6. Dr. A. K. Yadav, Asstt. Field Officer, Remote Sensing Centre

7. Sh. B. C. Chafle, Asstt. Field Officer, Remote Sensing Centre

2. One day seminar on ESRI India’s Geo Vision held on 12th

November, 2010 at Hotel

Hyatt Regency, New Delhi organized by NIIT GIS Ltd. Participated by Dr. S. N. Das,

Chief Soil Survey Officer.

3. Workshop on “AGRO TECH 2010” Agro Tech, “India’s Premier Biennial Agro

Technology & Business Fair” organized by CIT at Chandigarh during 3rd

6th

December, 2010. The following officers participated in the this event.

1. Dr. V. Ranga Rao, Computer Programmer

2. Dr. A. K. Ydav, Asstt. Field Officer

3. Sh. D. S. Sehmi, Jr. Cartographic Asstt.

4. Regional Workshop on Water Availability and Management in Punjab (WAMIP-

2010) during December 13th

to 15th

, 2010 participated by

1. Dr. A. K. Barman, Soil Survey Officer Regional Centre (North)

2. Sh. N. Gahold, Field Officer, Remote Sensing Centre (HQ)

3. Sh. B.C. Chafle, Asstt. Field Officer, Remote Sensing Centre (HQ)

4. Smt. M. S. Selvi, Field Asstt. Remote Sensing Centre (HQ)

5. Geospatial World Forum 2011 held on 18th

to 21st January, 2011 at Hyderabad. The

following officers participated in exhibiting the GIS applications in the field of soil

survey and land resource mapping.

1. Sh. R. K. Sharma, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer, HQ

2. Sh. Pradip Jha, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer, Hyderabad

3. Sh. S. D. Dhargawe, Field Officer, Remote Sensing Centre

6. 16th

Annual Convention and National Symposium on application of Clay Science in

Agriculture, Environment and Industry held during 18th

to 19th

February, 2011 at

Nagpur. Following officers participated in the conference.

1. Dr. S.G. Ghatol, Soil Survey Officer, Nagpur

2. Sh. Pradip Jha, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer, Hyderabad.

67

Training organized by SLUSI

1. 14th

Short Course Training on programme “Soil and Land Resource Mapping for the

IWMP Projects Officials” at Vadodra, Gujarat during 10th

to 14th

May, 2010. The

following officers impetrated the training.


2. Dr. T. K. Deb, Soil Survey Officer

3. Shri R. L. Meena, Soil Survey Officer

4. Sh. R. K. Sharma, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

5. Dr. Saumen Saha, Asstt. Field Officer

6. Shri Sanjay Kumar, Photographic Assistant

2. 15th

Short Course Training on programme “Soil and Land Resource Mapping for the

IWMP Projects Officials” at Rajkot, Gujarat during 24th

to 28th

May, 2010. The

following officers impetrated the training.

1. Dr. S.N. Das, Chief Soil Survey Officer

2. Dr. A. K. Barman, Soil Survey Officer

3. Sh. R. L. Meena, Soil Survey Officer


5. Sh. Pankaj Laghate, Field Officer

3. 16th

Short Course Training programme on “Soil and Land Resources Data Base for

Integrated Watershed Management” held at Bangalore during 2nd

to 7th

August, 2010.

The following officers impetrated the training.


2. Dr. A. K. Mukhi, Soil Survey Officer


4. Sh. V. Venkateshwaran, Cartographic Officer


6. Dr. Saumen Saha, Asstt. Field Officer

4. 17th

Short Course Training on programme “Soil and Land Resources Data Base for

Integrated Watershed Development Planning” during January 10th to 15th, 2011 at

Aizawl, Mizoram. The following officers impetrated the training.

1. Sh. Subrata Nath, Director (NRM)



4. Dr. Amarnath Kanketkar, Cartographic Officer

5. Dr. S. Roy Chowdhury, Soil Survey Officer

6. Dr. Saumen Saha, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

68

8. List of Officers in position during 2010-11

Centre Officers

Headquarter Office, New Delhi Dr. S. N. Das, Chief Soil Survey Officer

Sh. R. K. Sharma, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

Remote Sensing Centre, Noida Dr. V. Ranga Rao, Computer Programmer

Sh. R. K. Sharma, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

Dr. Saumen Saha, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

Bangalore Centre Dr. A. K. Mukhi, Soil Survey Officer

Sh. R. L. Meena, Soil Survey Officer

Sh. V. Venkateshwaran, Cartographic Officer

Sh. Bhajan Lal, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

Dr. Munish Kumar, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

Kolkata Centre Dr. T. K. Deb, Soil Survey Officer

Dr. S. Rochowdhury, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

Sh. N. C. Dutta, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

Sh. A. Kanketkar, Cartographic Officer

Nagpur Centre Dr. S. G. Ghatol, Soil Survey Officer

Sh. Ravinder Kulkarni, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

Sh. Pankaj Laghate, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

Sh. K. Govindarajan, Cartographic Officer

RC (North) Noida Dr. A. K. Barman, Soil Survey Officer

Sh. G. S. Shantha Kumar, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

Dr. M. A. Anantkumar, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

Sh. S. Oraon, Cartographic Officer

Ahmedabad Centre Sh. R. L. Meena, Soil Survey Officer

Sh. Ravinder Kulkarni, Soil Survey Officer

Dr. B. S. Bawane, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

Hyderabad Centre Sh. Dinesh Patel, Soil Survey Officer

Sh. Pradeep Jha, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

Ranchi Centre Sh. Mahesh Chand, Soil Survey Officer

Dr. S. P. Singh, Asstt. Soil Survey Officer

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