STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

PRODUCED WATER HEADSPACE ANALYSIS: SAMPLE AND SOLVENT HANDLING, STORAGE & DISPOSAL

Prepared by:

Colleen P. Jones, PhDBingham Entrepreneurship and Energy Research CenterUtah State University320 N Aggie BlvdVernal, UT 84078

Certified by:

Certification Date:

DOCUMENT NUMBER: BRC_160627_AREVISION: ORIGINAL RELEASEDATE: JUNE 27, 2016

320 North Aggie Blvd Vernal, UT 84078 rd.usu.edu ubair.usu.edu

1. Contents

1. Contents..............................................................................................................................................2

2. Introduction.........................................................................................................................................3

2.1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................3

2.2. Safety Risks..................................................................................................................................3

3. Sample and Solvent Handling..............................................................................................................4

3.1. Hazard Overview – Organic Solvents...........................................................................................4

3.2. Hazard Overview – Methylene Chloride......................................................................................4

4. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE).........................................................................................5

5. ENGINEERING/VENTILATION CONTROLS.............................................................................................5

6. Sample and Solvent Storage................................................................................................................6

7. Sample and Solvent Disposal...............................................................................................................8

8. Spill Cleanup........................................................................................................................................8

9. Certification by Laboratory Manager...................................................................................................8

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2. Introduction

2.1. Introduction

This document describes the safety requirements that laboratory workers and supervisors must follow when handling, storing, and disposing produced water samples, internal and external standards and solvents used in the laboratory. Its purpose is to minimize risks to the health of laboratory workers.

This document is intended to inform laboratory workers about the health and physical hazards of samples and solvents used for headspace analysis of produced water. Before performing any procedure a laboratory worker must read and be satisfied that they understand the SOP associated with that procedure. All laboratory workers are required to use due diligence in working with samples and solvents.

This SOP is appropriate for the handling of produce water, organic standards, organic solvents and chlorinated solvents used in the laboratories. These chemicals include: n-butane, isopentane, n-pentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, cyclopentane/2,3-dimethylbutane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, n-hexane, methylcyclopentane, 2,4-dimethylpentane, benzene, cyclohexane, 2-m ethylhexane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 3-methylhexane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, n-heptane, methylcyclohexane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, toluene, 2-methylheptane, 3-methylheptane, n-octane, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, n-nonane, n-propylbenzene, 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, 1-ethyl-4-methylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, n-decane, 1,3-diethylbenzene, 1,2-diethylbenzene, methanol, ethanol, isobutene, isopropanol, bromochloromethane, 1,4-difluorobenzene, chlorobenzene-d5, 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene, ethane, methane, and propane. Many of these chemicals are known carcinogens.

2.2. Safety Risks

Failure to follow this procedure may result in:

1. Skin and eye irritation and eye burns2. Skin defatting and dermatitis3. Nausea, headache, dizziness, unconsciousness, and coma4. Cardiac failure5. Reproductive and fetal effects6. Respiratory failure and pulmonary edema7. Chronic effects may cause lung, liver, pancreatic, and brain tumors.

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3. Sample and Solvent Handling

3.1. Hazard Overview – Organic Solvents

Flammable and combustible organic solvents are amongst the most dangerous chemicals in the lab. A measure of how ignitable a particular solvent is the flashpoint; defined as the lowest temperature at which a material can form an ignitable mixture with air and produce a flame when a source of ignition is present. The lower the flashpoint, the more easily the liquid can be ignited. Most common organic solvents in the lab are readily ignited, with the exception of chlorinated solvents like dichloromethane which require more extreme conditions to burn.

Flammable liquids (flash point < 100 o F) are div i ded into th r ee classes:

Class Flash Point Boiling Point Examples

IA Below 73°F Below 100 °F Ethyl Ether

IB Below 73 °F At or above 100 °F Acetone, Benzene, Toluene

IC At or above 73°F and Isopropanol, Xylenebelow 100°F

Combustible liquids (flash point > 100oF) are divided into three classes:

Class Flash Point Examples

II 100-139 °F Acetic acid, cyclohexane, and mineral spirits

IIIA 140-199 °F Cyclohexanol, formic acid and nitrobenzene

IIIB 200 °F or above Formalin and vegetable oil

A particular organic solvent may have other hazards beyond their flammability. For example, benzene is recognized carcinogen. Check the Safety Data Sheet for the particular solvents in use.

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3.2. Hazard Overview – Methylene ChlorideMethylene Chloride (MC) is also known as dichloromethane (DCM), methylene dichloride, methylene bichloride, methane dichloride. It is a colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. MC has a wide range of reported odor thresholds, olfactory fatigue occurs, MC has poor warning properties.

MC is used as a solvent, especially where high volatility is required. It is a good solvent for oils, fats, waxes, resins, bitumen, rubber and cellulose acetate. Useful paint stripper and degreaser. Used in paint remover, in propellant mixtures for aerosol containers, as a solvent or plastics, degreasing agent, and an extracting agent.

Short-term (acute) exposure: MC is an anesthetic. Inhalation may causemental confusion, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and headache. High vapor concentrations may irritate the eyes and respiratory tract. Skin exposure may cause irritation. If MC remains on skin, it can cause burns.

Long-term (chronic) exposure: Evidence that MC causes cancer is from lab studies involving rats, mice and hamsters. Human epidemiological studies show an association between occupational exposure to MC and increases in biliary (bile duct) and a type of brain cancer.

OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) are 25 ppm 8-hr Time Weighted Average (TWA); 125 ppm Short-term Exposure Limit (STEL); 12.5 ppm Action Level (AL); ACGIH Threshold Limit Values (TLV); and 50 ppm 8-hr TWA.

When exposure exceeds 8-hr TWA or STEL the, area must be designated as a regulated area with access restricted to authorized personnel only. Respirators must be supplied. Ensure employees do not engage in non-work activities that may increase dermal of oral MCExposure. Demarcate regulated areas for the rest of the workplace

4. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)PPE must be worn in laboratory to protect against any possible hazard. Required PPE include:

Laboratory Coat Eye and Face protection

o Splash proof safety goggleso Face shield if splash is possible

Gloveso Fluorinated rubber if using Methylene Chloride

Respiratoro Supplied-air respirators are required because air purifying respirators do not

provide adequate respiratory protection against MC.

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5. ENGINEERING/VENTILATION CONTROLS

All chemicals should be transferred and used in an annually certified laboratory chemical fume hood with the sash at the certified position or lower. The hood flow indicator should be checked to be operating correctly prior to using the hood. For further information see the following pages in Sec. II of the UCSB Chemical Hygiene Plan:

Fume Hood Usage Guide Criteria for Implementing Engineering Controls Safety Shiel d ing: Shielding is required any time there is a significant risk of explosion,

splash hazard or a highly exothermic reaction. All manipulations of flammable liquids which pose this risk should occur in a fume hood with the sash in the lowest feasible position. Portable shields, which provide protection to all laboratory occupants, are acceptable.

Special Ventilation: Manipulation of flammable liquids outside of a fume hood may require special ventilation controls in order to minimize exposure and reduce the fire risk. Fume hoods provide the best protection against exposure to flammable liquids in the laboratory and are the preferred ventilation control device. If your research does not permit the handing of large quantities of flammable liquids in your fume hood, contact EH&S to review the adequacy of all special ventilation.

6. Sample and Solvent Storage

Use in an area that is properly equipped with a certified eye wash and safety shower that is available within ten seconds of travel.

Store in a tightly closed, labeled container and in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Segregate from incompatible materials. Repackaged chemicals must be labeled clearly. For example, squirt bottles and acid/base cleaning baths. Follow any substance-specific storage guidance provided in Safety Data Sheet documentation.

Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets

One or more Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets (FLSC) are required by CA Fire Code for laboratories which store, use or handle more than 10 gallons of flammable or combustible liquids.

Containers of flammable liquids that are one gallon and larger must be stored in a flammable-liquids storage cabinet.

The storage of flammable and combustible liquids in a laboratory, shop, or building area must be kept to the minimum needed for research and/or

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operations. FLSC are not intended for the storage of highly toxic materials, acids, bases, compressed gases, or pyrophoric chemicals.

In most UCSB laboratories, flammable liquids storage is provided under the chemical fume hood. These cabinets are clearly marked “Flammable Storage” and are often ventilated via a stainless steel hose into the fume hood exhaust duct. Flammable liquids storage cabinets are constructed to limit the internal temperature when exposed to fire. When additional storage is needed, NFPA-approved FLSC may be purchased. All containers of flammable liquids must be stored in a FLSC when not in use. The following requirements apply:

General Requirementso Cabinets shall be marked “Flammable - Keep Fire Away”o Cabinets should be kept in good condition. Doors that do not close and

latch must be repaired or the cabinet must be replaced.

Flammable liquids storage cabinets are equipped with a grounding system that can be connected to a building ground. If you are pouring from a container in the storage cabinet and if the container being poured into is conductive then a bonding strap must be attached between them as explained in PROCEDURES TO AVOID STATIC ELECTRICITY.

Labeling All flammable liquids must be clearly labeled with the correct chemical name. Handwritten labels are acceptable; chemical formulas and structural formulas are not

acceptable. The label on any containers of flammable liquids should say “Flammable” and

should include any other hazard information, such as “Corrosive” or “Toxic”, as applicable. Example: lab squirt bottles, or acid/base baths.

Heating/Open flame Do not permanently store flammable liquids in chemical fume hoods or allow

containers of flammable liquids in proximity to heating mantles, hot plates, or torches.

With the exception of vacuum drying ovens, laboratory ovens rarely have any means of preventing the discharge of material volatilized within them. Thus it should be assumed that these substances will escape into the laboratory atmosphere, but may also be present in sufficient concentration to form explosive mixtures within the oven itself. Venting the oven to an exhausted system will reduce this hazard.

Drying ovens should not be used to dry glassware that has been rinsed with organic solvents until all of the solvent has had the opportunity to drain or evaporate at room temperature.

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7. Sample and Solvent Disposal

Samples of produced water are to be disposed of in glass bottle labeled produced water located in the fume hood in 218. Any left over MC solvent is to be disposed of in another glass bottle in the other fume hood labeled Methylene Chloride waste. When bottles are full contact Kevin Woodward to request a hazardous waste pick up.

8. Spill Cleanup

For small spills of produced water or MC:1. Use absorbent pads to mop up the liquid.2. Continue to wear your PPE while cleaning up the spill.3. Place all pads and towels in a double plastic bag and seal. Leave in the hood.4. Notify EHS (435) 797-7432 that you have a bag of methylene chloride or produced water

cleanup materials to pickup.For larges spill of MC:

1. Immediately evacuate the room 2. Closing all doors 3. Call 911 for an emergency spill response team

Those that routinely use flammable liquids, it is strongly recommended that they attend the live version of the EH&S Fundamentals of Laboratory Safety class, where hands-on fire extinguisher training is conducted. All campus labs should have a fire extinguisher already on-site, generally near the exit door.

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