contests in effective development strategies to combat

Contests in Effective Development Strategies

to Combat Rural Poverty

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Contests in Effective Development Strategies to Combat Rural Poverty

A guideline

Discussion of the experience of the first Bolivian Contest“Good Water Management and Use; Methods and Traditions

in the Fight Against Poverty” �

� Original Title: “Formas y costumbres de usar bien el agua en la lucha contra la pobreza”

This publication was jointly produced and financed by the Bolivian Ministry of Water, German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) through its Sustainable Agriculture Development Program, Bolivia (PROAGRO), a program financed by the German Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation (BMZ), the International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) through its sector project Innovation in Water (INNOWAT) and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) through Intercooperation-CONCERTAR.

The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the publishing institutions.

The publishing institutions cordially invite readers to use the provided material responsibly and to disseminate it widely, soliciting that it will be quoted correctly, the source duly mentioned.

Author: Andrea Kuhlmann, PROAGRO-GTZ, with contributions by Rudolph P. Cleveringa, IFAD. Translations and Edition: Alix ShandLayout: UCORE-GTZPhotos: Andrea Kuhlmann, Hans Salm, CIADEP

Bolivia, July 2008

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Contents

Executive SummaryEnglish, Spanish, Quechua, Aymara .............................................................................. 7

PrefaceEnglish, Spanish, Quechua, Aymara ............................................................................ ��

IntroductionEnglish, Spanish, Quechua, Aymara ............................................................................ �5

Setting the SceneRun up to the �st Bolivian Contest on Water Use ....................................................... 2�

ChallengesThe “contest” tool and its potential ............................................................................. 24

ApproachesThe preparation phase ............................................................................................... 25The implementation phase: ....................................................................................... ��

ExperiencesParticipating proposals ................................................................................................ �7Participants’ Testimonies ............................................................................................. 50

Results and Lessons learnt and ImpactMonitoring and Evaluation .......................................................................................... 54Up scaling and replication .......................................................................................... 55

Conclusions ........................................................................................... 55

4

Bibliography and available documentation ............................................ 56

Glossary ................................................................................................. 58

Annexes ................................................................................................. 59

5

Own elaboration in base of USGS data (2004), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), Global Land Cover Facility, University of Maryland

Bolivia, Elevation Map

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NAVARRO, G. y W. FERREIRA. 2004. Zonas de vegetación potencial de Bolivia: una base para el análisis de vacíos de conservación. Revista Boliviana de Ecología y Conservación Ambiental, Nº 15, diciembre 2004. Fundación Simón I. Patiño.

Bolivia, Vegetation Zones

7

Executive Summary

This paper is an account of how contests are being used in development cooperation. It is written in English in order to disseminate and promote knowledge of current experiences with contests and how they have been used outside the Andean Regions of Latin America, where national governments as well as civil society organizations, communities and families in remote rural areas have participated and shown interest. The authors assume that other regions of the world will be interested in following these experiences and possibly putting contests into practice.

Taking the “First Bolivian Contest on Good Water Management and Use; Methods and Traditions in the fight against poverty” – in short “The Water Contest”- as our main basis, the following guidelines should be useful for institutions implementing other development projects in a range of contexts: we try to give a comprehensive overview of the process of implementing contests, putting methodological and organisational aspects first; an overview detailed enough for the steps to be taken up and replicated elsewhere, in the necessary adaptive manner and for any thematic purposes rural people and the institutions concerned may be interested in.

All in all the paper shows how contests bring to light existing local knowledge that is in practice and how it helps bridge cultural gaps and establish learning dialogue in a cooperative setting between different actors. These include local practitioners of different cultures and ecological environments, idea and information exchange among local practitioners and sub national and national government institutions as well as with development institutions and finally dialogue between the latter.

The paper highlights the potential and challenges of contests in order to have an impact on knowledge transfer and improve living conditions, concluding that through contests local people get a real chance to effectively learn from and encourage each other. They receive public and institutional recognition for their efforts to overcome poverty and have the chance to influence public policies to have them adapted to or at least take into account real practice and peoples’ own strategies to improve living conditions in rural areas.

Finally the paper encourages those interested to replicate and upscale this tool, be it within other thematic contexts or within international, even inter continental frames.

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Resumen Ejecutivo

El presente documento es una descripción de cómo se utilizan concursos en la cooperación de desarrollo. Está escrito en inglés a fin de diseminar y promover el conocimiento de experiencias existentes con concursos y su aplicación fuera de las Regiones Andinas de Latinoamérica, dado que se ha implementado en algunos países andinos y ha generado gran interés, tanto de parte los gobiernos nacionales como también de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, comunidades y familias en áreas rurales. Se ha despertado interés que, asumen los autores, está presente en otras regiones del mundo.

Tomando el “Primer concurso sobre formas y costumbres de usar bien el agua en la lucha contra la pobreza” – para abreviar “ El Concurso del Agua” – como base principal, los siguientes lineamientos deberán ser útiles para las instituciones que implementen otros proyectos de desarrollo en un rango de contexto: se trata de dar una vista general comprensiva del proceso de la implementación de las pruebas, poniendo los aspectos metodológicos y organizacionales primero; una visión general suficientemente detallada de los pasos a ser tomados y replicados en otros lados, de una manera adaptativa necesaria y para cualquier propuesta temática que pueda interesar las personas del campo y las instituciones involucradas

Se muestra en todo el documento como los concursos traen a la luz el conocimiento local existente y puesto en práctica. Como colaboran en cerrar brechas y establecer un diálogo de aprendizaje en un marco de cooperación entre los diferentes actores. Esto incluye gente local experimentada de diferentes culturas y medio ambientes ecológicos con cada uno, el diálogo para los profesionales locales con las instituciones de gobierno nacional y regionales como también con instituciones de desarrollo y finalmente el diálogo entre estas ultimas instituciones.

Los puntos resaltantes de este documento, los potenciales y los desafíos de los concursos se comunican a fin de alcanzar un impacto efectivo con respecto a la transferencia de conocimiento y el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida, concluyendo que en los concursos, la gente local obtiene una oportunidad real de aprender efectivamente y de fomentarse mútuamente. Ellos reciben reconocimiento público e institucional por sus esfuerzos de superar la pobreza y tienen una oportunidad de influenciar políticas públicas para que estas se adopten o que por lo menos tomen en cuenta la práctica real y las estrategias de las personas para mejorar las condiciones de vida en las áreas rurales.

Finalmente el documento invita a replicar y ampliar en escala este instrumento, ya sea dentro el contexto de otras temáticas o dentro de los marcos internacionales, o incluso continentales.

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Ejecutivo nisqa pisiyachiy

Kay qillqaqa juk riqsichiy imaynatataq atipanakuykunata cooperación de desarrollo nisqapi apa-ykachakun. Kay qillqaqa inglés nisqa simipi qillqasqa kachkan riqsichinapaqtaq mirachinapaqtaq yachayta atipanakuymanta, jinamantataq jawa Regiones Andinas de Latinoamérica nisqakunapi ruwakusqanta, llamk’akusqanta, kayqa wakin llaqtakunapi ruwakun. Runataq kayta achkhata mu-nanku, kikillantataq gobiernos nacionales, nisqakuna, ajinallatataq kampu juñu runa wakichiykuna-manta, ayllukunamantataq yawar masikunamantataq anchata munanku. Qillqaqkuna achkha runa munasqanta ninku, kayqa wak kitikuna pachapi ruwakuchkallantaq.

“Juk ñiqi atipanakuy Sobre Formas y Costumbres nisqakuna yakuta sumaqta apaykachaymanta” jap’iqakun – pisiyachinapaq “Yaku Atipanakuymanta” - qallarinapaqqa kay liniyamiyintus kananku tiyan, instituciones nisqakuna kasqanmanjina wak proyectos de desarrollo nisqakunata ruwanankupaq: Tukuy imata ruwakuchkasqanmanta qhawana tiyan, aspectos metodológicos y organizacionales nisqakunata ñawpaqta churaspa; tukuyta qhawana tiyan sapa thatkita ruwakusqanmanta jap’iqanapaq, wak kitikunapi kikillantataq ruwakusqanta, ajinamanta kampu runa, instituciones involucradas nisqakuna mañayta atinankupaq.

Tukuy qillqapi rikuchikun imaynatataq atipanakuykuna k’anchaman urqunku ayllupi sapa p’unchaw kawsayninkupi ruwasqanku yachayninkumanta parlasqanta. Tukuy ruwaqkuna brechas nisqata wisq’asqankuta, paykunapura rimanakuspa yanapakusqankuta. Kaypiqa tukuy laya kulturasmanta profesionales nisqakuna kachkanku. Profesionales nisqakuna instituciones de gobierno nacional nisqakunawan, instituciones de desarrollo nisqakunawanpis rimanakuy kasqanta qhawachin.

Puntus aswan resaltantes nisqa kay qillqamantaqa kanku, atipanakuykuna kaywan runa yachayniyuq kananpaq, ajinamantataq aswan sumaqta kawsananpaq, kayjinamanta runaqa yachaqan imaynatataq paykunapura yanapakuyta atinku. Chayrayku paykunaqa reconocimiento público e institucional nisqata jap’iqanku kallpachakusqakurayku wakcha kayta atipanapaq, kampu llaqtakunapi prácticas y estrategias, políticas públicas nisqakunata ruwayta atinku, kawsayninkuta allinchanankupaq.

Tukunapaqtaq qillqaqa wakyarin kikinta ruwanapaq jatunyachinapaq, kaykunataq contexto de la temática nisqa ukhupi kanankuta jawa suyukunapitaq, o incluso continentes nisqakunapi qukunanta.

Quechua:

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Aymara:

Qillqatat juk’aptata

Aka documentox kunamtix atipawinak apnaqapxki cooperación de desarrollo uksa tuqina, Inglés arun qillqataw yatiñ utjirinakamp parlakipañataki ukjamarak nayrar sarantayañataki atipawinakamp ukjamaraki sarantayañaw anqax Regiones Andinas de Latinoamérica uksa tuqinakana, kunatix aka atipawinakax lurasiwayiw yaqhip markanakana, ukatxa gobiernonaka ukjamarak uka markanakan jakirinakax, comunidadanak ukjamarak áreas rurales ukankir phamilianakax. jupanakax munxapxarakiw, ukham autores jupanakax sapxi, yaqha markanakansa ukan jikxatasirakiwa.

“Nayrir uma tuqit atipawix kunjamas costumbrex uma sum apnaqañatakix” uk katusinxa, ukjarjamaw arkaña, ukatxa yaqhip institucinanakax yaqha proyectos de desarrollo lurapxañapa kunamtix comunidadan jakapxki ukjarjamaw yant’awinak wakichapxañapa ukjamarak, yäparlurawipampi utt’awipampi uchapxañapa; nayraqatax; mä suma visionanipxañapawa, kuntix lurapxkani ukanaka ukatxa kutxatayapxañapaw yaqha tuqinakana de una manera adaptativa ukham kunayman propuestanakataki gustañapaw pata jakkir jaqinakarux ukjamarak taqpach instituciones involucradas ukanakarusa.

Taqpach documentonxa kunjams atipawinakax markan yatiñanakap, lurawinakap utjkis ukanak khananchi. Kunjams yanapapxi mä yatiqañ aruskipawir puriñataki mä marco yanapasiñawin yaqha jaqinak pura. Akax apxatiwa ukankir profesionalanakar yaqha culturanakat ukjamaraki mä medio ambiente ecológico sapa maynimpi, mä aruskipawi ukankir profesionalanakataki, gobierno nacional y regional ukanakampi, ukjamarak instituciones de desarrollo ukanakampi finalmente aruskipawix utjañapawa instituciones del Gobierno, instituciones regionales jupanakpura.

Kunatix importantikix aka documentonxa, atipawinaka,ukjamarak kuntix khipan luraskan ukanakaw yatiyi, suma apasiwayañapataki yatiñanak yatichañxat ukjamarak suma jakawi sumachañxat taqpaqch akanakax atipawinakan tukuyasa, ukankir jaqinakax jupanakpach ch’amacht’asiñatakix mä oportunidad suma yatiqañatak qatuqapxi. Jupanakax mä reconocimiento público e institucional qatuqapxi ch’amachasiwipat pobresar atipañataki, ukjamarak yanapiw políticas públicas lurañataki äreas rurales uksa tuqinakana jakawi sumachañataki. Tukuyawinxa aka documentox jawsthapiyiwa kutipayañataki ukjamarak qhananchsuñataki yant’awinakana, janiw importkiti contexto de la temática ukankchi jan ukax marcos internacionales o continentales ukankchi.

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Preface

Combating poverty is the end objective and justification of development cooperation. Despite many years and millions of dollars invested in development projects, the number of people living in poverty around the world is less then comforting. There is a desperate need to improve cooperation, approaches and methodology, to make the joint efforts of government policies and external cooperation more efficient and effective, in order to achieve massive and sustainable change with regards to poverty.

In different continents, countries and cultural contexts, steps and improvements are made with only the people and institutions directly involved coming to know of the processes. Pertinent know-how of instruments and methodologies often stays in small circles of actors, impeding the use of their potential to be scaled up.

The institutions working on this article in English aim to socialise and disseminate practical experiences of using competitions to a wider public outside the Andean Regions of Latin America. We wish to present a development approach and methodology that starts with local knowledge and practice and joins with different local knowledge from other places in the country (or even regionally) and also with professional, technical knowledge to enrich one each other and create new knowledge. This knowledge will be useful on the one hand for strengthening people’s own capacities to improve their living conditions and useful on the other hand for national governments to define, prepare and implement pro poor public policies and programs.

The First Bolivian Contest on Water proved to be a suitable instrument to achieve active, local knowledge management for shaping government policy on fostering changes in the water sector to accelerate rural poverty reduction.

Juan Demetrio CespedesVice Minister of IrrigationBolivian Water Ministry

Roberto Haudry de SoucyGeneral Officer, IFAD

Andean Region

Marco RossiCountry Director, Bolivia

SDC- Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

Jan SchwaabChief Knowledge Officer

GTZ, Headquarters

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Prólogo

Combatir la pobreza es el objetivo final y la justificación de la cooperación para el desarrollo. A pesar de que se han invertido muchos años y millones de dólares en proyectos de desarrollo, las cifras globales de personas que viven en la pobreza son menos que reconfortantes. Existe una desesperada necesidad de mejorar la cooperación, enfoque y metodología, para hacer más eficientes y más efectivos los esfuerzos conjuntos de las políticas gubernamentales y de la cooperación externa a fin de alcanzar un cambio masivo y substancial con respecto a la pobreza.

En diferentes continentes, países y contextos culturales, pasos y mejoras son hechas solamente con las personas e instituciones directamente involucradas, que vienen a conocer el proceso. El conocimiento práctico pertinente sobre instrumentos y metodologías generalmente se queda en pequeños círculos de actores, impidiendo el uso de su potencial para la expansión.

La preocupación de las instituciones que trabajan este artículo en inglés es socializar y diseminar la experiencia práctica de emplear concursos a un público más amplio fuera de las Regiones Andinas de Latinoamérica. Presentando un enfoque de desarrollo y metodología que comience con el conocimiento y prácticas locales para juntar esfuerzos de otros lugares en el país (o incluso regionalmente) y también con conocimiento profesional y técnico para enriquecerse entre sí y crear un nuevo conocimiento. Este conocimiento será útil, por un lado para fortalecer las capacidades propias de la gente para mejorar sus condiciones de vida y útil por otro lado para el gobierno nacional para definir, preparar e implementar programas y políticas públicas en pro de la gente pobre.

El Primer Concurso Boliviano sobre Agua probó ser un instrumento confiable para lograr un manejo del conocimiento local activo para dar forma a la política gubernamental en acoger cambios en el sector del agua para acelerar la reducción de la pobreza en el área rural.



Andean Region




GTZ, Headquarters

Spanish:

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Saqumay

Cooperación para el desarrollo nisqap tukukuynin upjitunqa wakcha kayta chinkachiy kachkan. Achkha watatataq achkha qullqitataq millones de dólares nisqakunata proyectos de desarrollo nisqakunapi chikchakun, achkha runaraq wakcha kachkan, manaraq munakusqanta ruwakunchu. Runata aswan sumaqta yanapayta munakun, enfoque y metodología nisqakunata allinyachispa, políticas gubernamentales y de cooperación externa nisqakunata kallpachaspa, aswan runa amaña wakcha kawsananpaq.

Wakjina continentes nisqakunapi suyukunapitaq contextos culturales nisqakunapitaq runakunallawan, instituciones nisqakunallawan ruwaqkunawan imaynatachus ruwakusqanta allinchaykunaqa ruwakun. Imaynatachus ruwakun, instrumentos y metodologías nisqakunaqa astawan uchhika qutukuna ruwaqkunallapi qhipakun, ajinamanta mana wiñananta saqikunchu, manataq tukuy runa riqsinchu.

Kay qillqa ingles nisqapi qillqasqapiqa, instituciones nisqap munayninqa aswan achkha runaman riqsichiy Regiones Andinas de Latinoamérica nisqakunapi atipanakuykuna ruwakuchkan. Juk enfoque de desarrollo y metodología nisqakunata riqsichispa, sapa p’unchaw runap riqsisqanwan ruwasqanwan qallarispa wak kitikunap suyupi kallpachayninta junt’achispa, ajinamantataq profesional, técnico nisqakunap yachaqayninwantaq kallpachakunanpaq ajinamantataq wak yachayta wallpanapaq. Kay yachayqa runap yachaqayninta kallpachananpaq sumaq kanqa, kawsaynin aswan sumaq kananpaq, kayjinamantataq gobierno nacional nisqa programas y polìticas públicas nisqakunawan wakcha kaq runaman yanapanapaq.

Juk ñiqi atipanakuy Qullasuyu suyupi yakumanta ruwakuqqa confiable nisqa kasqanta rikuchin, ajinamanta política gubernamental nisqa yakumanta urqukunanpaq, kampu runap wakcha kayninta pisiyachinanpaq.

Quechua:



Andean Region




GTZ, Headquarters

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Aymara:

Uñachawi

Pobresaruw combatiñ ukaw amtaphuqawixa, ukjamaraki justificación de la cooperación para el desarrollo uka. Walxa maranakaw apasiwayi ukjamarak walxa dolares millonanak gastantasi proyectos de desarrollo sarantayañataki. Jaqinakax pobresan jakirinakax utjaskakiwa. Uka cooperación enfoque y metodología juk’amp sumachañawa, uka políticas gubernamentales ukjamarak yaqha markat qullqi jutkis suma sarantañapataki ukhamax pobrezax tukusiñapataki. Yaqha markanakanxa ukjamarak mayja culturanakani pachpa ukan jakirinakampi ukjamarak institu-cionanakampi sumachapxi, kunjamtix luraskani uk uñjiriw jutapxi.Uka instrumentos y metodologias yatiyawinakax juk’a jaqinanakin qhipharti ukatxa jarkt’apxiw ya-qhip jan lurapxañapataki.

Institucionanakax khitinakatix irnaqapki aka inglés articulonx yaqha jaqinakar juk’amp parlakipañawa ukjamarak Regiones Andinas de Latinoamérica anqaxanakana ukana atipawinak lurasa. Uñachayas mä enfoque de desarrollo y metodología pachpa lugaran yatiñanakampi, lurawinakampi yaqha markanakata ch’ama tantañataki markasana regionanakana. Ukjamarak yatxatat yatiñampi, sara parlurawimpi jupanak pura yatiqapxañapataki mä machaq yatiñ uñstayañataki. Aka yatiñax wali as-kiwa maysa tuqitxa capacidades propias de la gente uk ch’amanchañataki ukxarurak suma jakawipa sumachañataki ukatxa maysa tuqitxa gobierno nacionalatakix pustuchaña ukjamarak programas y políticas públicas en pro de la gente pobre uk sarantayañataki.

Nayrir uma tuqit boliviano atipawix uñañchayiw mä instrumento confiable ukankir yatiña jikxataña-taki, ukatxa ukjarjam política gubernamental uma tuqit mayjachawi luraña pobreza área rural uksa tuqinakan tukjañataki.


Andean Region




GTZ, Headquarters


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Introduction

This paper is an account of how contests are being used in development cooperation. It is written in English in order to disseminate and promote knowledge of current experiences with contests and how they have been used outside the Andean Regions of Latin America, where national governments as well as civil society organizations, communities and families in remote rural areas have participated and shown interest. The authors assume that other regions of the world will be interested in following these experiences and possibly putting contests into practice.

Taking the “First Bolivian Contest on Good Water Management and Use; Methods and Traditions in the Fight Against Poverty2” – in short “The Water Contest”- as our main basis, the following guidelines should be useful for institutions implementing other development projects in a range of contexts: we try to give a comprehensive overview of the process of implementing contests, putting methodological and organisational aspects first; an overview detailed enough for the steps to be followed and replicated elsewhere, in the necessary adaptive manner and for any thematic purposes rural people and the institutions concerned may be interested in.

The paper gives a summary of the background to the specific experience of the “First Bolivian Contest on Good Water Management and Use; Methods and Traditions in the Fight Against Poverty” highlighting the objective and potential for impact on poverty reduction of the “contest” tool as a whole and then goes on to detail important aspects to be considered in the preparation and implementation processes. In order to present local people’s knowledge demonstrated at the Bolivian contest, an overview of the finalists and four more detailed descriptions of selected participating proposals are presented. Finally M&E results and lessons learnt from the specific process of the Bolivian Water Contest are given, complemented by a listing of available documentation, including video documentation that might be further consulted. The paper rounds up with some general conclusions on the topic. Readers will find some of the material and documents used to prepare and implement the “First Bolivian Contest on Good Water Management and Use; Methods and Traditions in the Fight Against Poverty” attached in order to give examples for orientation. Naturally, all of this material is written in Spanish

Readers should not expect a comprehensive discussion of the theoretical background of the concept of contests in development policies and its relation to pro poor policies and so we have included a list of some literature in the bibliography that may be consulted.�

2 Original Title: “Formas y costumbres de usar bien el agua en la lucha contra la pobreza”� Most of it is written in Spanish, but especially useful might be a look at Immerzel, van, 200�

All in all, the paper shows how contests bring to light existing local knowledge that is

in practice and how it helps bridge cultural gaps and establish learning dialogue in a cooperative setting

between different actors. These include local practitioners of different cultures and

ecological environments, idea and information exchange among local practitioners and sub national and

national government institutions as well as with development institutions and finally dialogue between the latter.

Through contests local people get a real chance to effectively learn from and encourage each other. They receive public

and institutional recognition for their efforts to overcome poverty and have the chance to influence public policies to have

them adapted to or at least take into account real practice and peoples’ own strategies to improve living conditions in

rural areas.

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Introducción

Este documento describe el uso de concursos en la cooperación al desarrollo. Está escrito en inglés a fin de diseminar y promover el conocimiento de experiencias existentes con concursos y su aplicación fuera de las Regiones Andinas de Latinoamérica, donde se ha implementado en algunos países y ha generado gran interés, tanto de parte los gobiernos nacionales como también de los organizaciones de la sociedad civil, comunidades y familias en áreas rurales alejadas. El interés, asumen los autores, que estaría también presente en otras regiones del mundo.

Tomando el “Primer concurso sobre formas y costumbres de usar bien el agua en la lucha contra la pobreza” – para abreviar “ El Concurso del Agua” – como base principal, los siguientes lineamientos deberán ser útiles para las instituciones que implementen otros proyectos de desarrollo en un rango de contexto: se trata de dar una vista general comprensiva del proceso de la implementación de los concursos, poniendo los aspectos metodológicos y organizacionales primero; una visión general suficientemente detallada para los pasos a ser tomados y replicados en otros lados, de una manera adaptativa necesaria y para cualquier propuesta temática que puedan ser de interés de personas del campo y las instituciones participantes.

El documento otorga un resumen del historial de la experiencia específica del “Primer concurso sobre formas y costumbres de usar bien el agua en la lucha contra la pobreza” resaltando el objetivo y potencial para un impacto en la reducción de la pobreza del instrumento “concurso” como un conjunto y detallando aspectos importantes a ser considerados en la preparación e implementación de los procesos. A fin de presentar el conocimiento de la gente local en el concurso boliviano, una visión general de los finalistas y cuatro descripciones detalladas más de propuestas participantes seleccionadas son presentadas. Finalmente están dados los resultados de Monitoreo y Evaluación (M&E) y las lecciones aprendidas para el procesos específico de Concurso Boliviano del Agua completada por una lista de documentos disponibles, incluyendo documentación en video que puede ser consultado más adelante. El documento concluye con algunas conclusiones generales sobre el tema. Anexado a este, y a fin de dar ejemplos para la orientación, los lectores encontrarán algo del material y los documentos empleados para preparar e implementar el “Primer concurso sobre formas y costumbres de usar bien el agua en la lucha contra la pobreza”. Naturalmente, todo este material está escrito en castellano.

Los lectores no deberán esperar una discusión comprensiva del historial teórico de los conceptos de los concursos en políticas de desarrollo y su relación con políticas en pro de los pobres entonces hemos incluido una lista de alguna literatura en la bibliografía que puede ser consultada.4

4 La mayoría está escrita en español, pero especialmente útil puede ser una mirada a Immerzel, van, 200�.

Spanish:

��

Se muestra en todo el documento como los concursos traen a la luz el conocimiento local existente y puesto en práctica. Como colaboran en cerrar brechas y establecer un dialogo de aprendizaje en un marco de cooperación entre los diferentes actores. Esto incluye gente local experimentada de diferentes culturas y medio ambientes ecológicos con cada uno, el dialogo para los profesionales locales con las instituciones de gobierno nacional y regionales como también con instituciones de desarrollo y finalmente el dialogo entre estas ultimas instituciones.

Los puntos resaltantes de este documento, los potenciales y los desafíos de los concursos se comunican a fin de alcanzar un impacto efectivo con respecto a la transferencia de conocimiento y el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida, concluyendo que en los concursos, la gente local obtiene una oportunidad real de aprender efectivamente y de fomentarse mútuamente. Ellos reciben reconocimiento público e institucional por sus esfuerzos de superar la pobreza y tienen una oportunidad de influenciar políticas públicas para que estas se adopten o que por lo menos tomen en cuenta la práctica real y las estrategias de las personas para mejorar las condiciones de vida en las áreas rurales.

��

Quechua

Yaykuchiy

Kay qillqaqa riqsichin imaynatataq atipanakuykunata cooperación de desarrollo nisqapi apaykachakun. Kay qillqaqa inglés nisqa simipi qillqasqa kachkan yachayta atipanakuymanta riqsichinapaqtaq mirachinapaqtaq. Regiones Andinas de Latinoamérica nisqakunapi ruwakusqan, llamk’akusqan, kayqa wakin llaqtakunapi ruwakun. Runataq kayta achkhata ruwakunanta munanku, kikillantataq gobiernos nacionales, nisqakuna, ajinallatataq kampu juñu runa wakichiykunamanta, ayllukunamantataq yawar masikunamantataq anchata munanku. Ruwaqkuna munakusqantaqa jap’iqanku, kayqa wak kitikuna pachapi kachkallantaq.

“Juk ñiqi atipanakuy Sobre Formas y Costumbres nisqakuna yakuta sumaqta apaykachaymanta” jap’iqaspa – pisiyachinapaq“ Yaku Atipanakuymanta” - qallarinapaqqa kay liniyamiyintus kananku tiyan, instituciones nisqakuna kasqanmanjina wak proyectos de desarrollo nisqakunata ruwanankupaq: Tukuy imata ruwakuchkasqanmanta qhawana tiyan, aspectos metodológicos y organizacionales nisqakunata ñawpaqta apaykachaspa; tukuyta qhawana tiyan sapa thatkita ruwakusqanmanta jap’iqanapaq, wak kitikunapi kikillantataq ruwakusqanta, ajinamanta kampu runa, instituciones involucradas nisqakuna mañayta atinankupaq.

Qillqaqa juk pisiyachiyta ñawpakaypi ruwakusqanmanta rikuchin “Juk ñiqi atipanakuymanta Sobre Formas y Costumbres nisqakuna yakuta sumaqta apaykachaymanta”, kay atipanakuypata objetivo principal nisqanqa wakcha kayta pisiyachiy, instrumento nisqa “atipanakuqa” wakichiyninpi, ruwayninpi aspectos importantes nisqakunata junt’anan tiyan, Runakunap yachayninta Qullasuyu atipanakuypi rikuchikun, tukuy chayaqkunata qhawayta atinchik, tawa descripciones nisqakunata, propuestas participantes nisqakunata riqsichikullantaq. Tukunapaqtaq Monitoreo y Evaluación (M&E) nisqakuna lluqsisqanta qukun, chaymantataq lecciones aprendidas nisqakunata yakumanta Qullasuyu atipanaku, yapaykuspa qillqata juk video nisqawan aswan ñawpaqpi qhawanankupaqtaq tapunankupaqtaq.

Qillqaqa tukun wakin tukukuyninwan timamanta, kayman yapaykuspa wakin imakunata, ñawiriqkunaqa qillqakunata wakin imakunatawan tariyta atinqanku ”Juk ñiqi atipanakuyta sobre formas y costumbres nisqakunata yakuta sumaqta apayakachakunapaq” Kay tukuy matiriyalqa kastilla simipi qillqasqa kachkan.

Ñawiriqkunaqa mana suyanankuchu tiyan juk unanchasqa rimanakuyta de los conceptos de los concursos en polìticas de desarrollo nisqakunamanta, wakcha kaqkunata yanapaymanta, chayrayku juk sinruta yapaykuyku chaypi ñawirispa yachanapaq.

Tukuy qillqapi rikuchikun imaynatataq atipanakuykuna k’anchaman urqunku ayllupi sapa p’unchaw kawsaynin kupi ruwasqanku yachayninkumanta parlasqanta. Tukuy ruwaqkuna brechas nisqata wisq’asqankuta, paykuna-pura rimanakuspa yanapakusqankuta. Kaypiqa tukuy laya kulturasmanta profesionales nisqakuna kachkanku.

Profesionales nisqakuna instituciones de gobier-no nacional nisqakunawan, instituciones de desarrollo nisqakunawanpis rimanakuy kasqanta qhawachin.

Kay qillqamanta puntus aswan resaltan-tes nisqaqa kanku, atipanakuykuna kaywan runa yachayniyuq kananpaq, ajinamantataq aswan sumaqta kawsananpaq, kayjinamanta runaqa yachaqan imaynatataq paykunapura

yanapakuyta atinku. Chayrayku paykunaqa reconocimiento público e institucional

nisqata jap’iqanku kallpachakusqakura-yku wakcha kayta atipanapaq, kampu llaqtakunapi prácticas y estrategias, políticas públicas nisqakunata ruwayta atinku, kawsayninkuta allinchananku-paq.

2�

Aymara

Qalltawi

Aka documentox kunamtix atipawinak apnaqapxki cooperación de desarrollo uksa tuqina, Inglés arun qillqataw yatiñ utjirinakamp parlakipañataki ukjamarak nayrar sarantayañataki atipawinakamp ukjamaraki sarantayañ anqax Regiones Andinas de Latinoamérica uksa tuqinakana, kunatix aka atipawinakax lurasiwayiw yaqhip markanakana, ukatxa gobiernonaka ukjamarak uka markanakan jakirinakax, comunidadanak ukjamarak áreas rurales ukanakan phamilianakax. jupanakax munxapxarakiw, ukham autores jupanakax sapxi, yaqha markanakansa ukan jikjatasirakiwa..

“Nayrir uma tuqit atipawix kunjamas costumbrex uma sum apnaqañatakix” uk katusinxa jisk’aptayañatakix “umxat atipawi”, ukjamarjamaw arkaña, ukatxa yaqhip institucinanakax yaqha proyectos de desarrollo lurapxañapa kunamtix comunidadan jakapxki ukjama yant’awinak wakichapxañapa, ukjamarak yäparlurawipampi utt’awipampi uchapxañapa; nayraqatax; mä suma visionanipxañapawa, kuntix lurapxkani ukanaka ukatxa kutxatayapxañapaw yaqha tuqinakana kunjamtix uka proyectonakax wakichatakix ukjamarjamaw wakichaña kunayman propuestanakataki, patankir jaqinakarux gustañapawa ukjamarak taqpach instituciones participantes ukanakarusa. Aka documentox mä resumen del historial de la experiencia específica sata “Nayrir uma tuqit atipawix kunjams umax suma apnaqañax uka” churi kuntix lurañ muntanxa pobrezar tukjañataki “atipawi” uk qhananchasa mä tamjama ukjamarak kunatix importantekix ukanak uñacht’ayasin, wakichañataki ukjamarak nayrar sarantayañataki. Ukankir jaqinakan yatiñap bolivian atipawin ukan uñacht’ayañataki mä visión atipirinakata ukjamarak pusi uñacht’awinak uñacht’ayata ukjamarak amtañanakat ukanak chhijllat.

Resultadonakax Monitoreota ukjamaraki uñakipawita apsutaxiwa ukatxa leccionanak yatiqtan ukanakax boliviano atipawix uma tuqit sarantayañatak phuqachatawa mä lista de documentos ukanakampi, ukjamaraki documentación en video, ukanakax qhipurunx uñjataspawa. Documentos uma tuqitxa yaqhip jach’a tukuyäwinakampiw tukuyi. Akar pichthapitaxa ukjamarak ejemplonak amuyawitak churaña, liyirinakax mä juk’a material jikipxani apnaqat documentonakax wakichañatakix ukjamarak “Nayrir uma tuqit atipawix kunjams umax suma apnaqañax uka” lurañatakix taqpach ukanakax castellan arun qillqatawa. Liyirinakax janiw uka amuykipaw amuyirix amuyawin yatiyawi ukata, atipawinakan amuyuwinakat políticas de desarrollo, ukjamarak atamañapat políticas ukanakampi pobrenakar yanapañataki, suyapxañapakiti, sipanxa mä lista qillqatanakat apxatapxta ukanakax ullakipataspawa.

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Taqpach documentonxa kunjams atipawinakax markan yatiñanakap, lurawinakap utjkis ukanak khananchi. Kunjams yanapapxi mä yatiqañ aruskipawir puriñataki mä marco yanapasiñawin yaqha jaqinak pura. Akax apxatiwa ukankir profesionalanakar yaqha culturanakat ukjamaraki mä medio ambiente ecológico sapa maynimpi, mä aruskipawi ukankir profesionalanakataki, gobierno nacional y regional ukanakampi, ukjamarak instituciones de desarrollo ukanakampi finalmente aruskipawix utjañapawa instituciones del Gobierno, instituciones regionales jupanakpura. Kunatix importantikix aka documentonxa, atipawinaka,ukjamarak kuntix khipan luraskan ukanakaw yatiyi, suma apasiwayañapataki yatiñanak yatichañxat ukjamarak suma jakawi sumachañxat taqpaqch akanakax atipawinakan tukuyasa,ukankir jaqinakax jupanakpach ch’amacht’asiñatakix mä oportunidad suma yatiqañatak qatuqapxi.

Jupanakax mä reconocimiento público e institucional qatuqapxi ch’amachasiwipat pobresar atipañataki, ukjamarak yanapiw políticas públicas lurañataki äreas rurales

uksa tuqinakana jakawi sumachañataki.

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Setting the Scene

Run up to the first Bolivian Contest on Water Use

The International Fund for Agricultural Development IFAD has been developing, implementing and adapting measures based on contests within its projects in some Andean countries over the last ten years. In some cases, contests were simply a part of the project strategy; in other cases nearly the whole project was based on this tool. This is the case of the MARENASS project (Sustainable Management of Natural Resources), implemented from ��7 to 2005 in Peru.

In the Andean region, the methodology and tool is widely known as RAYMI, which means party in the language of Quechua people. RAY-

MI is defined as “a methodology for capacity development,

using local knowledge management, con-tests and intensive ex-change. Contests are held between families and their organisations and

are organised by the population; prizes are

sponsored by the proj-ect. Families and communi-

ties that manage their resources

best can be identi-fied in a systematic way through these contests”. It is also called “Pachamama Raymi” and “Learn-ing from the best”.5

Good guidelines for holding contests organized by local people at the local level can be found in Immerzeel, van: 200�.

An adaptation of these model contests has been developed by the IFAD country office in Bo-livia. The challenge here was to scale up from local levels and use the instrument in a national and even regional context, with the national government(s) being direct counterpart(s) to jointly organise the process. There was also a shift of thematic application: These contests focused on rural women’s efforts and strategies to combat poverty. Amongst other agencies�, GTZ7 through its Sustainable Agriculture Development Program, Bolivia (PROAGRO), was a steady and active IFAD partner for preparing and implementing these contests, which were held at the national lev-el from 2005 to 2007, and taken for the first time to the regional level involving five Andean countries, also in 2007. The objective of us-ing this kind of contests is to create a space that allows local practitioners to meet but on a broader, national or even international scale, and to combine this with meeting decision

5 In the Andes, Raymi was the name for all events of the ritual calendar of the Inkas. The word also applies to collective labour for mutual benefit, which would end as a fiesta, with music, food and drinks. Cited of Immerzeel van, Cusco 200�: �54� CECI-Canadá, CAF, Swiss Cooperation7 German Technical Cooperation, institution that implements development cooperation projects on behalf of the German Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation, BMZ.

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makers from the national government(s), in order to influence the design-ing of national politics and programs, which should take into ac-count local knowledge, practices and capacities of the rural poor.

Bearing in mind the very encouraging experience of the first two national women’s contests, GTZ through its PROAGRO programme, and IFAD, through its Rome-based sector project INNOWAT (Innovations in Water) set out to replicate this experience of national contests within the context of Water Use and Management in Bolivia. The first exchange of ideas started at the end of 200�, the process was then headed by PROAGRO-GTZ preparing the conceptual base and setting up strategic partnerships first with the National Ministry of Water and with the Swiss Cooperation, through Intercooperation-CONCERTAR.

Challenges

The “contest” tool and its potential

What makes contests effective tools for devel-opment but different from other development methods and methodological tools, such as for-mal teaching courses, pilot tests, or exchange study tours, can also lead to specific challenges. Some of these may also be different if we are

dealing with contests at local levels or at the na-tional or international levels, but many are shared: A huge potential of the contest tool is

that it centres on lo-cal knowledge and

practice which is known, recognised and exchanged

among a wide spectrum of people. The contest offers a real op-

portunity for peer-to-peer / woman to woman / artisan to artisan / farmer to farmer dialogue and learning from different practices, whereby the element of scoring each other and prize giv-ing makes it different from ordinary exchange meetings: They provide the possibility to systematically identify and recognise the best, even though the scoring system always im-plies subjective points of views. Contests at the local level are easily managed by local people and their institutions, and at the national and even in-ternational level governments and some nation-wide acting social organisations are able to co-ordinate them. At the national and international level they add the opportunity of dialogue with government officials and other development ac-tors. The challenge is to reach a reasonably high degree of local / national leadership as well as having farmers and rural people’s organisations participate and be involved.The joint responsibility of participants in the scoring process, as part of the jury, makes them feel proud and responsible for the

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outcome of results (list of winners). Thereby, the element of competition is highly motivating for self-esteem and for the quest to overcome and improve living conditions of one’s own family and community. In this regard, contests represent much more of an incentive mechanism than a pushing vehicle as other development measures often do.�

Compared with other development tools, contests also include a promising possibility of massive diffusion and adoption of good practices, with a great potential to have a lasting impact on improving living conditions based on people’s own capabilities. This is first attained by the participants being highly motivated, eager to diffuse their experience but also to learn from others, and secondly by how the contest will be documented, decided on at the beginning of the process, usually through manuals and video documentations.

Held at a national or even regional level, there is huge potential

- but not an automatic mechanism! - to influence

national policies and programmes with a pro-poor vision based on practice. In this respect contests have

the desired “elevator effect” providing space

for encounter and mutual learning between local

practitioners and decision makers at government levels. I m p l e m e n t e d continuously, the mutual effect of input from local experience to national policies and vice versa is even higher. Nevertheless it must be said that this is often limited by a high turnover of staff and ideologies in national ministries and public institutions.

One specific challenge for the organising institutions is the fact that they can not prepare for selected contents to come up. They do “control” conceptual bases and main selection criteria for the contest but proposals are prepared individually or in the community. They make up the contents on which there is to be dialogue, knowledge transfer and learning.

Approaches

The preparation phase

As is true for any tool and methodology, in the case of contests there are also some risks to not getting the expected results which means the contest developing all its inherent potential that characterises it theoretically as a useful, effective tool for development purposes. With regard to contests, this is especially true because of aspects that have to be considered as important

� Development projects quite often have to “push” in order for things be done, which often makes them central actors of change, when people themselves should sustain these changes.

and rely very much on the side of human feelings and emotions: We refer to cooperative dialogue within learning and comparative-competitive scoring, to self-esteem and pride, to recognition and stimulation of own capabilities to overcome adverse living-conditions. Participants need to see transparency and clear rules in the process, they need to feel welcomed and accompanied in their effort to present their best practice to each other, to the public, to the jury, to the government. They need to feel that they are being treated equally and that there is a need for time and space for exchange not only on the specific subject of their practice and knowledge, but also for spontaneous, often “festive” (raymi) activities of intercultural encounter, such as rituals, music and dances.

Experience from the First Bolivian Contest on

Water shows that the preparation phase is a key part and peak phase of activities

for organisers, especially with regard to inter institutional meetings in order to define and agree upon the conceptual base and set up of the contest. Preparation starts with the identification of actors and ends with receiving contest proposals.

Actors

First there is a need to identify the actors, their interests, needs and whether they can take an active part in the process. Naturally this has to be done in relation to framework conditions and the institutional setting of any local, national or even multi country background/frame. Interested actors will, as a kind of steering committee, lead and organise the whole contest process. These might include different government actors, different cooperation agencies, ideally also farmers and rural people’s organisations and possibly a fourth guest actor, which might be one or two institution(s) that will be entrusted with the organisation of all logistic and operative aspects, as well as with compiling and editing of the systematization of the process

in a document that will eventually (although possibly not) be published. These guest actors are not part of the steering committee but have to coordinate closely with it.

It is important that all actors designate one or two persons constantly to the process, in order to not put at risk information flows and decisions taken. For contests to be implemented at the local level, among communities close together, it is unconceivable to do this in any successful manner without a high degree of participation of local rural organisations. It would even be irrational in the long run, not to have them as leaders of the process. In the case of the Bolivian Water Contest, we are dealing with the first experience with this “contests” tool in relation to water issues and at the national level. The truth is that in this case there was no detailed consultation processes where farmers’ unions and rural people’s organisations that could represent their interests at the national level participated, for example. There was no diagnosis and no contacts to see where these organisations best fit in during the whole phase of organising, implementing and evaluating the contest. Not for any premeditated reasons, but partly because of new institutional set ups within the Bolivian National Sector on water issues, partly because of a lack of time,

and partly because of little experience. So we tried

to keep the number of actors involved

in decision taking manageab le . Because of the experience, it

can not be said that this is something that makes it impossible or useless to im-plement this kind of contest. Nevertheless, we do recommend re-cognising the importance of the participation of social organisations, which might even be capable of taking on the organisation of contests at the national level, as early as possible and at least from a mid or long term perspective. They have to be identified, contacted and given the space, freedom and responsibility to (co-) design and organise the contest. Criteria to be taken into account in the consultation process on and with possible organisations should be: degree of social recognition and representation, institutional stability and operative capacity to play key parts in the process of organising national contests, as well as their potential to promote learning processes, pick up and multiply diffusion of best practices and influence public policies.

Experience has shown, that, at least in this first Bolivian Water Contest, it was necessary to count on one leading actor amongst the committee to invite and organise necessary meetings for all decisions to be taken and take the lead in ensuring follow up of all agreed steps and activities as well as keeping in contact with the participants. Dividing the tasks, roles and functions has to be clearly defined and the participating organisations of the steering committee might consider it useful to do this in quite a formal manner. The Bolivian Water

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2�

Contest worked w i t h letters of

intent and

agreements that did not

c o m p l i c a t e administration (e.g no

transferring of funds to one account), and with agreements documented in protocols.

Concept and methodology

With regard to the first Bolivian Water Contest, first there was a core group that developed a concept paper to define the main set up of the contest, which it then socialised to other potentially interested actors (here: government and cooperation), in order to get feedback on content and concept, as well as to invite them to be partners in this process and establish the partnership correspondingly to the offer of the institution. There might be partners that are willing to be co-responsible in the whole process and designate staff, and others that are interested in and willing to co-finance specific items, but will not otherwise be involved in the process.

The basis of the whole process will be the concept paper, which has to define:

• Objective• Target Group• Methodological Steps

• The qualification stages (pre-qualification and final scoring, make up of the jury)

• Prizes• Products of the process (Material and

publications in order to socialise local knowledge and good practices identified in the contest, analyse what has been learnt from the contests on the specific topic announced and optionally on the process itself)

• Operative aspects as well as a chronological plan of activities and steps

• Budget planning

The concept paper of the Bolivian Water Contest as an example for orientation can be found in the annexes.�

Definition of qualification criteria and matrixes

Definition of criteria that will be applied in the two stages of scoring of one contest (pre-scoring amongst all presenters and scoring the winners at the final event) is a core task and makes for the contest be transparent and reliable. How it will be done must be agreed upon well in advance of any announcement and distribution of publishing material for the contest. These criteria should appear on posters, leaflets, radio ads or whatever material is to be published. They must also be part of all documents that contestants are asked to fill in, in order to present themselves and describe their initiative and good water use practice.

� Annex nº �

2�

The case of the Bolivian Water Contest shows that this task might easily be underestimated. It must include appropriate language registers and terms. If your audience is mainly rural poor, with high illiteracy rates, especially among women, you have to adapt publication material accordingly. Nevertheless, there is also a need for technical and conceptual clarity, for comparability of proposals and for language that may stir up institutional interest and contribute to institutional learning. There is also a question of interpretation: terms such as sustainability may evoke different expectations and understandings, but still be considered appropriate for any contest.

The Bolivian Water Contest worked with the following criteria, organised in 4 sub-groups that evoked some key terms:

• Contribution to the well being and livelihood of homes and communities- Health- Income- Food Security- Reduction of Workload- Cultural - Religious ceremonies and

practices• Criteria for sustainability

- Sustainable measures- Forms of organisation- Reduction of contamination- Manners / strategies to disseminate

knowledge among the local community

- Ideas to improve practices in the future

- Potential for the knowledge to be replicated

• Impacts- Extent of social benefit- Ecological impact: contribution to the

conservation of natural resources• Innovation

- Creativity combining traditional and modern techniques

- Adoption of modern techniques

In order to provide more orientation on these terms and to avoid different interpretations, the pre-prepared forms for competitors to describe and present their practices gave some leading questions that might be answered on the form. The reader will find these in the form, which has been attached.�0

An important aspect that should be considered in more detail and with more time than in the First Bolivian Water Contest is to spend time in order to gather participants´ delegates to the jury, have them discuss and learn from their understanding of the criteria and clarify terms when necessary.

Definition of the make up of the Jury

The type and scope of each contest used is to decide whether there is one main or different moments of scoring. Local community contests

�0 Annex nº 2

may work by only scoring at one time and so should decide on the composition of only one jury, but national and international contests most probably will need to handle pre-scoring and final scoring because of larger numbers of proposals. In the case of international contests, different moments and locations will render it necessary to establish the best national initiatives to compete internationally.Following the experiences of national and the international Women to Combat Poverty – contests, the Bolivian Water Contest worked from the beginning with the decision to have institutions and participants alike be part of the final jury. Whereas pre-scoring has been handled by institutional delegates only: two members of the National Water Ministry (Vice ministries for Watershed Development and Irrigation), one member of IFAD, Intercooperation/CONCERTAR and one from the GTZ, from experience, it is certainly wise to agree to a maximum number of persons on the jury. Otherwise it might be very difficult to reach agreement given numerous different perceptions of the proposals and agree on how to apply scoring criteria and how much weight to give each one. Nevertheless, for any further experiences

with national contests, it would be recommendable to invite

one or two delegates of representative

social organisations that work in the area. This might develop further dynamics with regard to self-

i den t i f i c a t ion , circulation and learning by social groups and organisations.

Having a mixed jury at the final event, composed of participants themselves and the guest institutions, is helpful in various regards: 1) the final result is more easily taken as being the most objective as it gathers together not only points of view from the institutions, which most probably have a more technical, detached view of things. It is 50% of participants’ own perceptions, which might be more perceptive than development and government institutions, to aspects such as: difficult living conditions, signs and feelings of having overcome problems as shown at the presentation, etc. 2) participants share responsibility for the results, are not only evaluated by outsiders but rate each other. This makes them feel even prouder of the whole opportunity to be a finalist in the contest and also feel that their knowledge is finally being paid attention to. 3) Importance is given to the priorities rural people give to development efforts. Comparing and analysing differences between the institutional juries’ results and those of the participants’ jury may lead to better design strategies and programmes that are effective and accepted by rural people.

Organising institutions should decide early on, long before the deadline for entries, if their own staff is to be delegated to the juries, or if they prefer to contract others. Time and budget

aspects have to be taken into account. Being on the jury means examining what initiatives are going on in the country in the same field and also means dedicating some time to a thorough reading of proposals, normally on top of daily tasks, which might easily be underestimated. On the other hand, getting knowledgeable professionals to do the scoring, both at the pre-scoring level and the final event may be difficult due to work schedules and also depends on budgetary constraints. Anyhow it is preferable to have the same team members do pre-scoring and final scoring on behalf of the institutions.

Advertising and publishing material

Contests designed to reach rural people will have to face several difficulties where distribution is concerned. These may be inexistent or lacking infrastructure, a lack of rural communities’ access to New Information and Communication Technologies (NICTs), different local languages, the question of common language registers, etc. In nearly all southern countries the radio seems to be the best vehicle to get information into rural areas. Nevertheless radio announcements do

not solve the issue of getting the necessary forms to rural people, so it seems advisable to work with a mixture of different channels and material, all of which should clearly present all the necessary information. This must include scoring criteria and addresses and contact information for the contest central office, as well as all offices, that are able to receive proposals in the different regions. It is important to use language and visual aids that interest and promote the participation of those (vulnerable) groups that are being targeted by the objectives of the contest. (e.g. women, indigenous communities, young people). To simplify processes, it is helpful to attach forms to the leaflets in order for rural people not to have to make several journeys to be able to participate��. Also there is need to use a wide network of public, social and private organisations, as close to rural people as possible, in order to manage the distribution and accessibility of the material to rural people.

With regard to the forms, their structure should follow the qualifying criteria set out in the contest announcement material and

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�� Some published material is to be found in Annex nº �

�2

they should i n c l u d e g u i d i n g quest ions in common l a n g u a g e

in order to facilitate

understanding of the criteria and

description of the initiative. They should include

a space for free description of the initiative as well as a questionnaire with boxes with enough space to answer guiding questions. They should also determine the maximum number of pages of the complete proposal, in cases where more space is required.

Reception of Proposals

It is necessary to identify and publish where the decentralised offices are for people to give in their proposals in order to assure the highest level of equity with regard to participating conditions in the different rural areas of the country. These offices, if they do not belong to the organising institutions, should be interested in participating in this task, able to register the proposals and ensure that they are sent to the central contest office on time. They should also be able to give guidance and answer doubts and questions from potential participants. The final reception date for proposals should be correctly published in all of the advertising material. The time needed

to send the decentralised registered proposals to the central office for the contest depends on the conditions in each country but should be calculated in order to receive all proposals presented on time. Once all are collected in the central office, a complete list with the main data, a geographic overview of where they come from, should be drawn up. Copies have to be made and sent to the members of the jury, which will need enough but not too much time to read them and form an opinion of each one, in order to go on to the next phase – pre-scoring. The implementation phase:

Pre-scoring

The Bolivian Water Contest received 42 proposals, one of which was rejected as it did not contain the required information. Each of the 5 members of the institutional jury was to read the 4� valid proposals within a week and score them on the basis of the pre-established scoring system based on the general criteria. The jury met for one day, compared and discussed the results and selected the �5 finalists who were to be invited to the final fair. Choosing the qualifying proposals was over by mid-August; the final event was to take place by mid-November. In the meantime, the contestants were to be contacted and informed of the results. Several steps remained before the final fair, from the first contact letters�2 to the contracting of an institution to be in charge of taking care of logistics at the fair. Only after

�2 Many participants from the local communities might never have traveled outside their region, so letters and other contacts should be very clear on what the participants need to know in order to attend the final event, as well as any other contact details. Annex 4.

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knowing where the finalists came from could we decide on exactly where to hold the fair to ensure that everyone could attend easily avoiding huge differences in travel times, etc. The three months in between prequalification and the final fair was about right, leaving enough time for the finalists to prepare themselves and for the organising committee to finalise all preparations.

Technical Field Visits

The field visits to the �5 finalists from all over the country was an important, very helpful but also time consuming part. These field visits had two objectives: establish direct contact with the finalists, give them technical advice on their good water use practices and encourage and orient them on how to prepare their

presentation at the final fair. Secondly field visits were used as a means

of verifying the existence of the written proposal and

to give the organisers an overview of who is doing what in the country with regards to water use. Field visits started

directly after selecting the finalists.

First the team filled in an information sheet, which had already been prepared, and drew a map with the location and travel

i n f o r m a t i o n . These sheets also contained a description of the practices described in the participant’s proposal to be included in the final systematisation of lessons learnt from the contest and also orient the film team on where to go and what to film. The information form is attached. ��

On site video documentation

We decided to hire a film crew to shoot the presentations to be made at the final fair with on site images, which would then be used to publish knowledge of good water use practices. This crew was to shoot three-minute-documentaries on the main points of good water use practices at each site, based upon a general script to ensure comparability. The crew was to be selected before the pre-scoring process was over and filming had to start shortly after choosing the finalists and after the technical field visits had been done. Generally each visit took at least 2 days; travel time had to be taken into account in the schedule. The �5 short documentaries were edited just in time for the fair.

Filming proved to be very helpful, enriching even more the creative presentations of the

�� Annex 5

�4

finalists with images of their practices in their communities, enabling the public and the jury to get a clearer idea of the issues are facing communities regarding natural resources, what kind of climatic problems people were facing and what impact their good practices were having. Each group of finalists received a copy of the �5 documentaries, which also helped boost their self-esteem, especially when they had worked without any external institutional support.

Evidently the question of on-site-video-documentation is also a question of time and budget. If this can be done, it is highly recommended to analyse whether the shooting can be used for further documentation and knowledge dissemination. Three minutes was not enough for it to be used as a teaching tool. At the same time, the experience of the final event of the First Bolivian Water Contest showed that it would be impossible to have �5 finalist groups show longer videos on their

practice.

Organising the fair

The fair is the highlight of the contest process. It is here where finalists are put on the centre-stage, where they meet each

other, and the interested

public, government and in-ternational cooperation in-stitutions. It is here where the contest enables cross-cultural encoun-ters and learning-dialogue

through competition. Par-ticipants are challenged to

show their best and find out more about what there is out

there, where all finalists build their self esteem and are eager to learn from others’ practices. As a show of how important this event was, two Vice ministers for Water-shed Management and for Irrigation from the Water Ministry joined the final jury, presented the cash prize and formally opened and closed the fair.

In order for this event to run smoothly, organisers decided to contract a third institution to take care of the logistics. A team of half a dozen young professionals organised the location by negotiating with the municipality of Cochabamba. They subcontracted food and beverages services, furniture, audio- and electrical services and found a presenter for the final ceremony. They prepared a media plan, contacted education and academic institutions as well as other public and private ones, and organised radio and television interviews in order to ensure mass cover of the fair. Also they took care of lodging for the participants, contacted them in advance of their departure for Cochabamba, received them at the bus stations and accompanied them to their hostels. During the two-day fair, participants

�5

could channel any concern through them, wore name tags and were registered on arrival. Finalists were invited to bring along friends and family and members of the community although the organisers only took responsibility for food and housing costs for 4 persons per contestant group.

The site was divided into double group marquees, green spaces to relax, one large central marquee for the opening and closing ceremonies, small tents for logistics and the jury as well as one place to serve food. The videos were shown round the clock to the public in the central marquee. The second day started with the opening ceremony, followed by the showing of the video documentation of the �5 finalists to all participants and jury members.Each group of participants was allocated a table, chairs and a pin board in a marquee shared with another group. Here they were to present their

project to the public, to the jury and to the other finalists. Many brought photos, drawings, pieces of machinery, plants and agricultural produce, showing an incredible degree of creativity. Each group was only given �0 minutes to explain their good water use methods to the jury for two reasons: for everyone to have an equal chance and also so as not to have the contest drag on.

The logistics team timed the presentations. After the presentation, the jury was allowed to ask questions for another 5 minutes. Together with the three minute video documentary, each group had �� minutes for their presentation and so it took 20 minutes to go from group to group. All in all it took the jury 5 hours to see and hear all of the presentations.

The lunch break was a major issue: the cater-ing service was not quick as no plastic con-tainers were being used as an environmental

��

precaution, but the time needed to serve all the participants a buffet of local food was se-verely underestimated. All in all there were �0 people to be served. As nearly all groups had come with guests, they preferred to stay to-gether and share the meals, so extra food had to be ordered.

Only at the end of the afternoon, when all the presentations were over, could the results be processed.

Final scoring

As already mentioned, the jury at the final fair was made up of fifteen participating delegates

and 5 institutional delegates. This group moved from stand to

stand to see and hear the presentations. Both sub-

groups of the jury were given prepared scoring matrixes showing the finalists’ names and the criteria published when the contest

was being announced. The matrixes�4 included

explanations of a scale of � to 4 points (weak to very good),

and also on how to understand the criteria. Nevertheless, experience shows that �0 minutes should be set aside at the start to take the jury to one side and explain how to handle the matrix and answer any doubts

in the group. None of the participants could score their own group, and the only difference in the two matrixes was that the institutional jury could give up to three bonus points in recognition of people’s efforts where no outside help had been received.

With all the scores on paper, processing them electronically took another hour and then the prize money was put in envelopes and receipts prepared. It was hard for the participants to wait as no other activities had been planned and with it being the final few hours there were very few members of the general public coming to see presentations.

For further events, it would be a good idea to fill up this waiting time with an expert panel discussing water management issues and policies with the participants, have them meet interested credit institutions or any other interesting activity that might be identified. There is also space for side events like this on the first day of the fair. ExperiencesParticipating proposals

Map of proposals – geographic distribution�5

42 proposals�� were received after the contest was announced, one of which was rejected as the information presented was not complete. Proposals were received from seven of the

�5 The map was compiled by Beatrice Carrasco, author of the Spanish systematization. Numbers correspond to the order of registration.�� The spanish systematization presentes a description of all 4� proponents

�4 See annex nº �

�7

nine departments in the country, mostly from Cochabamba and La Paz.

��

Group Name Prize17 Average Qualification18 Proposal

�Irrigation Farmers Association, Valle Escana

�2 �2.�

Good irrigation system in Escana: higher production levels, less erosion:Set up an irrigators association to reduce conflicts and take full advantage of water distribution by improving irrigation methods: zigzag irrigation, corrugation irrigation, pressure irrigation. Activities to disseminate and manage knowledge so that the irrigators promote newly learned practices and become trainers. Support from the National Strategic Innovation Project.Solution: Improve water distribution through the organisation for social management of water used for irrigation.

2COMAGRI Committee

�0 ��.�

Implement the drip technique to water native shrubs.Use drip technique to water recently planted native shrubs – bury plastic bottles (perforated and covered with cloth) beside the queñuas (native trees) to guarantee water for the plant for 4 days until the bottle is filled again with water. Support from the Mayor of Choquecota, the Federation of Municipalities of Oruro, COMAGRI and two schools in Choquecota.Solution: Implement an irrigation system to water newly planted queñua trees.

�APROM Association (Corn producers)

� ��.�

Integrated Water Management using local and innovative technology for sustainable farming.Build dikes to catch rainwater for � to 4 months of the year. The water is distributed by a channel system to water crops and animals. Implement different irrigation techniques to optimise the use of water: drip irrigation and aspersion with materials and accessories developed by the members of the community. The beneficiaries pay for the technical assistance received from community facilitators. Support from Radio Esperanza and Fundación VallesSolution: Catch or harvest water for irrigation using a dike (dike, ketaña, etc.).Knowledge management.

Overview of finalists and prizes won:

�7 Finally there had been �5 prizes: from US$ 2000,- for the first prize to US$ �00,- for the �th and �0th and US$ 200,- for the last five (��th to �5th) �� Given on a scale of 20 and averaged between the qualification of the participants´ jury and the institutional jury

��


4Family Group Sayaña Loma Linda

2 �5.4

Use water in fields where ecological crops are grown.Techniques to maximise use of water and not contaminate underground waters or streams.Water first caught from runoff from roofs, roads and hillsides and used for drinking water and irrigation. Now, despite having potable water, these practices continue.Implement a system to use sewage to water garden vegetables and water domestic animals and feed a biodigestor (fertilizer). The family produces dairy products and sells them. Solution: Integrated management of water preserving streams, using a distribution system, using sewage for irrigation and livestock.Solution: Catch water in a tank or reservoir. Fertilize soils

5Irrigation Farmers Association Apakapunta

�� 2.4

Optimise water use using gravity and pressure irrigation (aspersion and drip). Improved aspersion and drip irrigation using channels (from a main headwater channel in each field and zig zag). Prepare soils and plough using organic techniques.Support from the Ministry of Agriculture, PIEN Riego PDAS2 and AGRISECSolution: Improve the irrigation system to increase area that can be farmed using irrigation, implementing irrigation and soil preparation techniques.


�

APCERL Association (Coffee producers)

5 �4.5

Sewage becomes a source of life for the coffee plantations of small producers in Larecaja Treat run off water that has been extremely contaminated from washing the coffee (high mucilage content) so that it becomes fertiliser. The end-product obtained from maceration or anaerobic fermentation is a biol used to fertilise the coffee plantations and others.Support from the Fundación para el Desarrollo Tecnológico del Trópico Húmedo and the NGO COBIPLA (Biological Pest Control).Solution: Treat contaminated water using special techniques to treat sewage and turn it into fertilizer. Preserve streams to be able to improve coffee producing conditions and become certified as organic.

7TinTin Boarding School

�5 �2.�

Iron and cement tank to catch rainwater and system to treat sewage: Catch runoff from roofs and store it in a ��,000 litre tank built of cement and iron, which will supply the boarding school for three weeks. A standpipe is connected to the tank and other pipes take water from the tank to water vegetable plot after the rainwater has been treated. Support from the Municipality and the Peace Corps.Solution: Catch rainwater and store it in a tank or reservoir, treat it and use it for irrigation and human consumption. Use sewage for irrigation.

40


�

Santa Ana de Chipaya Traditional native communities, Ayllus Manazaya, Aransaya and Wistrullani

7 �4.2

Chipaya, ancestral water culture The Chipayas have been using this technique for centuries – sediment is taken from the River Lauca to fertilize the soil and saline land washed before planting season. The Chipayas direct the flow of water for different purposes depending on the season: to water fields, clean wool and others. The Chipayas build dikes using knowledge handed down from generation to generation.Catch or harvest water for irrigation by partially rerouting the river. Management of traditional knowledge. Fertilisation. Community-base organization and action.

�“Jesus Maria”, Women’s Centre Peñas

� ��.�

Water – the source of all lifeCollect water for human consumption and irrigation through a system made up of a rustic filter chamber, irrigation channels, tank for potable water and build a secure tank. The system has enabled many women to improve their livestock, milk production and dairy products for school breakfasts and to be sold.Support from the Municipality Solution: Collect or harvest water for human and livestock and irrigation using a tank or reservoir

�0Irrigation Farmers Association Punata

�4 �2.�

Peasant Management of Irrigation SystemsIrrigators set up their association, which promotes respect for water rights, ways of distributing water, irrigation methods and how to maintain the distribution network. Support from the prefecture and the MunicipalitySolution: Improve water distribution through the organisation for social management of water used for irrigation.

��Workers Union Alto Vilaque

5 �4.5

Use water for agricultural production:Use techniques to collect water, mainly rainwater, build dukes, furrows and channels and install pipes made from recycled plastic bottles and a pump to extract groundwater. Irrigation system using gravity and bleeding by burying ceramic cups. Solution: Collect or harvest water for irrigation using a dike

4�

42


�2Community ROO DE LAJITAS

�� .2

Collect water for fruit treesCollect rainwater from roofs and direct it through a series of gutters to an iron and cement tank, able to store 20,000 litres. The water is distributed in low-pressure tubes to the fields. Drip irrigation system is used in the dry season. Support from the ACLO Foundation and MunicipalityCollect rainwater runoff from roofs and store it in tank or reservoir to be used for irrigation.

��

Life and Development on the Altiplano Family Group -VIDAE, Phina Sallatije

� �5.�

Collect rainwater in dikes Construct three dikes in streams to store around �,500 m� of water to irrigate meadows and water livestock. Introduce a water purification technique using aquatic plants. Farmland has increased and livestock improved leading to increased sales of meat and dairy products.Solution: Collect or harvest water for irrigation and livestock using a dike Purify the water using aquatic plants

�4

COFAES Indigenous Committee Sacaca Ibañez, Potosi

� �4.�

Managing water to improve our lives.Gather or harvest rainwater by building family dikes with a storage capacity of 25 to 40 m�. The water goes to a sedimentation tank in the dike then is distributed for irrigation, human consumption and to water livestock. Incorporate techniques to improve water collection such as infiltration ditches, absorption terraces and living barriers to prevent soil erosion.Support from the NGO K’anchayCollect or harvest water for irrigation and human consumption using dikes

4�


�5

Community Committee for the conservation of natural resources, Huankuri

� �4.�

Aquaculture in the Puna de Cochabamba Construct a system to collect water from a stream and filter it. Take water to cement reservoirs, one for irrigation water (4�,000 litres) and other for consumption (�,000 litres). Stand-pipe network and trout fishery, distribution network to sprinkler system in fields.Supported by the Parish of Jesús de Challa, through the SARA project.Solution: Collect or harvest water in a tank or reservoir for irrigation, human consumption and pisciculture

�7 Finally there had been �5 prizes: from US$ 2000,- for the first prize to US$ �00,- for the �th and �0th and US$ 200,- for the last five (��th to �5th) �� Given on a scale of 20 and averaged between the qualification of the participants´ jury and the institutional jury

44

Detailed description of four of the participating proposals 19

COLLECTING RAINWATER IN DIKES1st prize

Map reference: Nº 2�

Department: La PazCommunity: Phina SallatijeMunicipality: CorocoroProvince: PacajesLocation: ��km from the city of La PazOrganisation: Family group

Documented by video: see 9 manuals and testimonies

Background

The family are traditional farmers who also have livestock but as they said, they are constantly

facing droughts in the dry season and low production

levels. Because there is little vegetation

in the region, it is difficult to find fodder for their livestock. In their search for other

options the family visited the

Ventanilla farm in La Paz where

they learnt about ways

of storing water and raising dairy cattle. They were given the means by which to access more water, improve their crops and standard of living.

The project

Water is gathered and stored by building dikes in river gullies. The first dike, 2m high, ��m wide and �0m long, was built in 2000 using tools and dynamite and stores ��0m� of water. The stone foundations have a �m layer of sandy soil to avoid the river sloughing in the rainy season. Two drains were opened and connected to pipes.

At the end of the rainy season the drains are closed so that water is stored. The water comes from the hills and brings sediment with it which mixes with the water from the stream so that the water is cloudy. To purify and make the water crystal clear, the family planted totora, water cress and other aquatic plants.

This pilot project took two months to set up and then another �� months to fine tune. In 2002 the family built a second, larger dike (�m high, 25m wide and 2�5m long) to store �,000.50 m� of water. Open irrigation ditches were also built. They planted the aquatic fern azolla or punhaymen20 to prevent water being lost through evaporation.

In 200� a standpipe was installed to provide water for the family and livestock and a third dike was built, which stores 4�0m� of water.

�� Based on the Spanish Systematization of the First Bolivian Water Contest, written by Beatrice Carrasco, January 200�, La Paz20 (Azolla filiculoides)

45

In 2004 the family found that they had enough water for irrigation and so

they prepared their lands for planting and

bought a motor pump for irrigation during the dry

season. The family now harvests crops, raises livestock and produces dairy products.

This project started up in 2000 and has been funded by the family, which has spent Bs. 5,500 to build the three dikes and connect the standpipe.

Results identified by the actors

The family now stores �,500 m� of water for irrigating pastures and watering animals, which has enabled them to increase crop production, increase and improve livestock by �0% and increase milk and meat production. They have a gravity irrigation system which works by pumping water from the dike to irrigate the family’s �0 ha of pastures twice during the driest months. This has meant that the family has been able to increase fodder production to be able to feed their livestock better. The rest of the water is used to produce vegetable crops to improve the family’s diet.

“When you see these results and you’re making more money you really want to keep on

going. We’ve improved our standard of living here on the Altiplano. We have vegetation all year round” is how Wilfredo explained how successful this project has been. The family regularly invites schools and other communities to see their work so that they can learn from this experience. “We invite others to come and see what we do because we believe that with a little hard work the people living on the Altiplano can live well.”2�

AQUACULTURE ON THE COCHABAMBA PUNA GRASSLANDS3rd prize (shared)

Map reference: Nº �

Department: CochabambaCommunity: HuankuriMunicipality: TapacaríProvince: Tapacarí

Location:��km from the city of Cochabamba

Organisation:

Community committee for the Conservation of Natural Resources in the Huankuri-Challa Grande region


Background

Located at 4,200 meters above sea level this highland region is inhabited by the peasant communities of Challa Grande, who

2� Source: Wilfredo Aquino, member of the family and an agriculture student presented the project at the fair in Cochabamba , November 2007

4�

participated in this contest. According to the Bolivian poverty map22, the municipality of Tapacarí is one of

the poorest in the country (��% to

�00% poverty). The average temperature is

�2ºC, rainfall reaches 700mm per year, the region is beset by winds

and the ground often freezes.

At the beginning of 2000 the members of the committee, supported by the Parish of “Jesús de Challa”2� set up a system to store stream water.

The project

The project describes how water is diverted, stored and then distributed. The stream flows at between 0.5 and � l/s in the rainy season and 0.�0 l/s in the dry season, comes into an inlet where there is a desilter and then out into two storage reservoirs.

The system has two reservoirs, each with a different purpose: the first is used to store water for human and animal consumption and irrigation and stores �,000 litres of water for standpipes, a fish pond and greenhouses. The water stored in the second reservoir is only used for irrigation. This reservoir

can store up to 4�,000 litres, which is distributed to fields through a network with �2 terminals connected to sprinklers made by the members of the community.

The reservoirs are circular and underground to decrease the width of the walls and balance out the pressure of the ground with the water being stored. The walls and floor were built using reinforced cement to ensure overall bearing power. The mould where the cement was poured was made of adobe so as not to use wood and/or iron.

The members of the community have added to this experience by implementing soil preservation techniques by using non-erosive furrows, curved terracing, retaining walls and planting native trees (kishuara). They have also set up a system of interlinking tanks to raise trout.

The project needed a start up investment of Bs. 20,270. The parish gave ��% and technical assistance through the SARA Project and the rest was provided by the members of the community.


“This project has led to improvements in our health, our crops and so our

22 Source: INE – UDAPE 2002 2� The parish of Jesús de Challa supported the members of the community through its Ayninakuy Rural Assessment Service project (SARA).

47

diet is better now. We have increased our production levels and our incomes, we’ve developed as people and learnt to take care of and use our water and our environment”, said Cecilio Coro24 while explaining the success they have had through their efforts.

The proposal presented for the competition proves that their system works and provides them with an efficient supply of water, which has led to more hygienic conditions and a better, more varied diet that includes fish, which is unusual in the region. All of this has improved the locals’ health. The income of these members of the community has gone up but they prefer to put more emphasis on the progress they are making as regards “human development”.

WATER – THE SOURCE OF LIFE9th prize

Map reference: Nº ��

Department: OruroCommunity: PeñasMunicipality: PazñaProvince: PoopóLocation: �25km from Pagador, OruroOrganisation: “Jesús Maria” Women’s Centre


Background

This centre was set up 2� years ago as a place where women could learn knitting, baking and

other skills. Now it is a place where these women can get together and develop good water use practices.

This farming community had no access to potable water and had problems catering their fields and feeding their livestock. A man, whose mother is a member of the Women’s Centre, drew up a project to supply and distribute water to the community. The local government supported the project.

The project

In the project sent in for the competition the women told how they used water in their community, how they were responsible for feeding their families, looking after their livestock, collecting the milk and making dairy products, providing breakfast for the children in school and selling some products.

The women are active members of the community and were part of the team to build a system to store and distribute water, which was needed by the community and thought up by the son of one of the women from the Centre.

The community built a structure to store water for human consumption and irrigation. The system comprises a rustic filtration chamber and irrigation ditches, which have been protected in different ways (bridges, walls, wire mesh) to

24 Source: Cecilio Coro, one of the participants at the fair - Cochabamba November 2007

4�

get maximum use from the river whose flow is “low”25

meaning that the community

can only water their fields every 72 hours.

The women explain that they do not wash clothes in the ditches and make sure that the water is kept clean and free of any pollutant. The irrigation ditches are used to feed the cattle and at other points along the dairy produce production chain.

The system includes a potable water tank and covered wells. The community has a Water Committee that is responsible for organising cleaning the system, coordinating shifts and solving conflicts that may arise over how the water is being used. The women take part in a ritual to ask Mother Earth and the jilakatas for rain.2�

This project was implemented in 200� and the community invested around $US 70. The son of one of the women prepared the project and negotiated with the municipality to provide materials.


“This water is good for our health because it’s meant we could change our habits, how we prepare food. Also, because of this water we

make cheese and we can guarantee that our product reaches the consumer fresh.”27

The project has meant that the quality of the school breakfasts and dairy products has increased. Because there is more water available, the community has planted trees, built solar greenhouses where they grow vegetables, and a solar shower. “No one thought we would get into the competition and definitely not win! But here we are.” Said the women proudly after presenting their project at the fair.

PEASANT MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS14th prize

Map reference: Nº ��

Department: CochabambaCommunity: PunataMunicipality: PunataProvince: Punata

Location:47 km from the city of Cochabamba

Organisation:

Asociación de Usuarios de Sistemas de Riego y Servicios de Fomento a la Producción Agropecuaria Punata


25 Testimony from Sra. Justina Zenteno2� Traditional ritual to ask the Andean gods Mother Earth and the Jilakatas (gods of the rain) to bring the rain and drive away drought27 Pilar Choque, participant at the fair – Cochabamba, November 2007

4�

Background

The Asociación de Usuarios de Sistemas de Riego y Servicios de Fomento a la Producción Agropecuaria Punata (Irrigation farmer’s association) was founded in �� as a result of building a new irrigation system, which meant that the users set up an organisation to manage the system have institutionalised rules and a legal framework.

The project

The Association was made up of a Directory (Committee Council), a Board and the

social organisations made up of �� communities and their

irrigation committees; the shareholders made up

a different group. It was decided that the General Assembly would be the highest dec i s i on -mak i ng

authority.

The Association decided that the right to use irrigation

water is directly related to participation in construction and/or improvement works. The water is distributed in shifts for a set time, which is decided by the Association. The Board and the Directory decide on a series of conditions before the “largada”2� such as how new partners are incorporated, their role in the community and among the irrigation groups.

The “largada” is or-ganised and ope-rat-ed by the first level of the water intake. This is where the time taken for the water to ar-rive and how efficiently the system works is measured. The second level is responsible for distributing water to groups, irrigation groups, and how much is distributed to each. Level � determines the role of each group, the distribution within the group and the community.

The Association has Emergency Teams to maintain and work the supply channels from the dam. Hydrological conservation and maintaining the infrastructure in the irrigation area is stepped up during the “largadas” by supervising the main channels, sluice gates, etc.

There is no record of the start-up investment in the proposal but each partner pays a yearly sum of $US � for operation and maintenance.


According to the members, the Association is set up in such a way that allows community organisations to be included and strengthened in social management of water for irrigation systems. The proposal highlights the organisa-tion and how the institution works to improve how water is used in the fields by using gravity irrigation. As a result of these actions, farming

2� Time taken from when the valve is opened at the dam to when it is closed. Source: Written proposal sent in to the competition.

50

production has increased, bringing with it more profit for the partners.

The Association has extended its work on conserving the watersheds to the mountain ranges and involving other peasant communi-

ties. Other organisations in the region have adopted this

type of organisational structure to manage their irrigation sys-

tems and the Association is constantly letting others know about their work and ex-perience in managing irrigation and resources.

5�

“All this has been encouraging for us, it has boosted our self confidence, our efforts - we had so many things to present, explain and say….”

“We had some difficulties explaining in Spanish what we’ve done, our experience, we didn’t know how to say many things that we could have explained so well in Aymara, it’s not easy for us to speak Spanish, and we had never done a project before.”

We’ve seen different techniques that we didn’t know about, for example we didn’t know how to build the tanks, we’ve exchanged some really good ideas, we’ve learnt a lot but certainly couldn’t take it all in …”

Filemón Robles, Community of Alto Vilaque

(fifth prize, shared)

Participants Testimonies

The following testimonies from participants in the First Bolivian Contest on Water were given at the final event or afterwards in interviews conducted by Beatrice Carrasco, author of the Spanish publication that pulls together

the process. (“First Contest - good water use practices and traditions in the fight against poverty – Systematisation of the process and the experiences.”)2�

“The Chipayas30 have learnt a lot, we took experiences from the three Ayllus31, when we decide to work everyone moves and so this time it was for the contest so we went with 19 people.”

“Here, everyone works for everyone else, the land belongs to all of us, to the people, the community, every day we fight to rise out of poverty, now we know that we can improve our system, we think that they might be able to help us with credits or modernisation.”

“At the end of the contest, we talked to the Vice minister of Watersheds and he promised to visit us, we told him that we want to discuss modernising our system, for example putting cement in our canals to stop water leaching out. Here we don’t use any technology, we have preserved our ancestral techniques but now we want to combine our techniques and experiment with other practices; combining our ancestral techniques with technology, I think we can get out of the poverty trap.”

Eddy García, member of the Chipaya Group

(seventh prize)

2� Primer Concurso Formas y costumbres de usar bien el agua en la lucha contra la pobreza - Sistematización del proceso y de las experiencias�0 Indigenous culture in the Bolivian highland plains (altiplano)�� Form of social community organization in indigenous cultures of the Bolivian Andes

52

“Sometimes people are more interested in the technical side, where the drinking troughs are placed or how to distribute the water, but they forget about the social side of things, the knowledge passed down from our forefathers, they don’t value it and this is so important if we’re talking about living well. Take me for example, I turn 22 litres of milk into ice-cream and that gives me enough to pay for my children to go to private universities in La Paz.”

“At the contest we exchanged information, leaflets, but we couldn’t meet again to be able to give this information to the community or to have the municipality take note of the experiences and replicate them; I think this second part is missing, because what happens after the contest? We should see what happened to the winners, what they’re doing now, if their ideas have been replicated in the community, if the ideas have become national policy, if the contest contributed to strengthening our work.“

“We hoped that the people who came from the government would help so that the people who won the prizes would get credit to be able to put their ideas into practice. It would be interesting for the State to take these initiatives seriously and give us more initiatives, the Productive Development Bank for example. We need equipment, training, we need to reinvest, we need credits.”

Julio Quispe, father of the Chulumani family group

(second prize)

“We started experimenting in ‘97. We tried everything, we carried on doing what our grandparents did, but we saw that there was no change and no way out of poverty. It was hard for me to change the mentality of my father and my grandfather, it was difficult to start, others saw us working like fools up to 11pm at night, taking care of ditches. We never used machinery, everything was done with picks and shovels and the whole family worked; we have slowly been able to demonstrate what could be done, show that on the plains of the high Andes (altiplano) you can live well from agriculture.”

“It was a sacrifice and at moments frustrating, it would have been much easier to do it with the community but so many people were against the idea but what I got from the contest is that it’s good to work together, to move forwards together, in my opinion this is the way to work in rural areas.”

“Now we want to have a demonstration farm to teach what we know and what has been the product of so many years of work and effort. During this time we have managed to combine the traditions of our ancestors with technology, and we have to take the best of both, teach others what works best, we want others to learn, we know that we can improve.”

Wilfredo Aquino, son from the Phina Sallataje family group

(first prize)

5�

“We were very happy; we thought that afterwards we would have to do something to be able to go and get our prize, but nothing, it was handed over to us there and then. None of us women had ever met a Vice Minister before so it was worth going just for that and we hope they won’t let us down. We learnt so much about how other people live and that really we haven’t made much progress in Peñas.”

“Our presentation was about our own experiences. We thought it would have been useful to classify the groups taking part as there were some that used machinery, large, well-organised groups.”

“As a women’s centre we now want to be legally recognised so that we can carry on working. Our children and young people work with us and we want to include the men so that we all work together.”

“All of the women wanted to go and take part in the contest; we were all excited and then so surprised when we won. Our authorities were surprised too because when there are contests like this they’re afraid to go and so they miss out. We were all surprised to win and if there are any more contests we’ll definitely be there!”

Antonia Zenteno, member of the “Jesús María” women’s centre in Peñas

(9th prize)

54

Some of the participants could be contacted some month after conclusion of the 2007 Water Contest and gave their testimonies and evaluation of their experiences with the contest. You can find these testimonies on the video: As to Impacts of the First Water Contest – Ex-post Testimonies

Results Lessons learnt and Impact

Monitoring and Evaluation

The Water Contest brought together over one hundred local practitioners, women and men, young and old, who are worried about the lack of water and implement good water use practices. This concern is shared by farmers using irrigation and those who do not, students in rural areas and the young people in rural communities, all of whom lack green, healthy vegetation or clean water in their

environment. It is a common issue affecting the highland as well as

lowland population, and it has a direct impact on their living conditions and income.

The fair gave rise to an intensive exchange of knowledge, opinions and

tools and attracted many members of the public and

institutions. As testimonies at the fair and post fair interviews with

participants show, the contest was seen as a highly motivating, inspiring and useful tool to encourage people to consciously intensify actions to overcome poor living conditions and to improve the availability of and access to water. Within the frame of a competitive learning dialogue, people crossed cultural bridges, compared and took what they considered useful. As one participant said, “There was too much knowledge to take on board, we couldn’t retain it all”. This is where organisers can help: Extra efforts should be made to document the different good water use practices, to prepare teaching guides, where people can go over the details and replicate more efficiently the new measures they learnt about at the contest.

The Bolivian Water Contest also showed that people are concerned with their direct environment, but that they have little idea of watersheds, habitats and people living upstream or downstream and how actions might impact their access to water. There is an urgent need for government policies, actions and awareness raising, and water contests can provide good impetus for this.

The Water Contest prize money was effective. The actual amount may mean different things to a small family group or a large irrigation farmers association. Nevertheless it is concrete recognition of the knowledge of each group and their ability to decide what best to do with the money. Many of the finalists invested at least part of the money in improving their good water use practices and the productive bases of their rural economy.

55

Up scaling and replication

Overall the Water Contest meant an investment of around $US ��,000 over the � months leading up to the fair and another five months for some post-contest documentation, editing and systematization work.

Participants asked for replication and the Bolivian Government, headed by the Water Ministry is interested in and willing to instate the national contest on a long-term basis. The next Bolivian Water Contest 200� is in being prepared and will be divided into two categories: A) Watershed Management Practices to Generate Water; and B) Organisation and Management of Irrigation Systems.

As the scarcity of water is a global concern, the organising institutions of the First Bolivian Water Contest are convinced - as was also shown by the women-against-poverty-contests - that replicating the Water Contest in other countries around the world and up scaling it to international contexts would be possible, useful and contribute greatly to knowledge transfer.

Conclusions

Holding the First Bolivian Contest: “Good Water Management and Use; Methods and Traditions in the fight against poverty” more then fulfilled its expectations. Knowledge transfer on good water management and use was diverse and intensive. Rural people centred attention on their knowledge, grew in self esteem, took in new knowledge from other places while reaffirming their own culture and crossed cultural bridges in an inspiring festive “raymi” atmosphere. In the encounter with government officials, the Water Ministry committed its support with the conviction that “the good practices have to be rescued”. Even if it seemed ambitious to think that the experiences shown at the Water Contest could influence public policies, the Minister of Water opened up a real possibility while affirming that “… this is all about learning from what the very people are able to create,” …. “we need to evaluate these proposals and convert them into concrete plans, this would be a great input into policies”.�2

�2 Interview with the ex Minister of Water, Ing. Walter Valda Rivero, La Paz, January 200�. The interview was carried out by Beatrice Carrasco.

5�

Bibliography and available documentation

1. References for other experiences

• Van Immerzeel, W.H.M; 2002 “Entre cursos y concursos. Comparación de dos metodologías para aprender a cuidar la Tierra.” DEXCEL – ALA �4/��, Guatemala

• Van Immerzeel, W.H.M and Javier Cabero; 200� “Pachamama Raymi, The fiesta of Learning, Theory and Practice (Spanish) “Pachamama Raymi, La fiesta de la Capacitación, Teoría y práctica de un sistema de capacitación campesino-a-campesino.” DEXCEL – MASAL, �d edition, Cusco – La Paz

• Van Immerzeel, W.H.M, Javier Cabero and Hugo Wiener; 2005 “Learning from the best. Local knowledge management for development” (Spanish) “Aprender de los mejores, Gestión del conocimiento campesino para su desarrollo.” DEXCEL – Programa Araucanía Tierra Viva. Temuco, Chile.

• Van Immerzeel, W.H.M, with Pierre de Zutter, Javier Cabero and Hugo Wiener; 200�“Poverty, How to accelerate change – Experience, results and focus of an innovative methodology from Latin America”; DEXCEL

• De Zutter, Pierre; 2004 Rural Communities: The best investment of the State. Experience of MARENASS in the community of MUÑAPUCRO, Chincheros – Apurimac, Peru” (Spanish); PREVAL

• Ranaboldo, C., with Benavides, J.; 200� “Habíamos contado nomás… La experiencia de los concursos Nacionales de Mujeres en Lucha contra la Pobreza.” Copyright Fondo Internacional de Desarrollo Agrícola (FIDA)

• Canavessi Rimbaud, L.M.; 2007 Concurso Regional de Mujeres en Lucha contra la Pobreza. Sistematización de los Concursos Nacionales y Regional.” Copyright - Fondo Internacional de Desarrollo Agrícola (FIDA)

57

• Canavessi R., L., Humerez Y., V., Iturri Salmón, J., Vargas U., C.; 200�“Negocios con sello femenino. Hacia el empoderamiento de las mujeres andinas. – �er Concurso Regional Mujeres en Lucha contra la Pobreza. Copyright- International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) / Fundación PRAIA

• El DIARIO (national newspaper), supplement “Bolivia Agraria”: several articles on both Women’s´ and Water Contests: October ��th 2007, November �th 2007, December ��th 2007

2. Documentation and material on the “First Bolivian Contest on Good Water Management and Use; Methods and Traditions”

• Book: GTZ/IFAD/COSUDE: Primer Concurso: Formas y costumbres de usar bien el agua en la lucha contra la pobreza - Sistematización del proceso y de las experiencias. Beatrice Carrasco, NOVA INTERACTIVA, La Paz 200�

• Videos:i. �5 short reportages on finalists proposals (Spanish)ii. � reportage on the final exposition fair (Spanish)iii. � manuals for training and diffusion purposes on good practices (Spanish)iv. Systematization of the first Bolivian Water Contest (Spanish and English)v. As to Impacts of the first Bolivian Water Contest: 5 Testimonies ex-post (Spanish

and English)

3. Websites with information on the contest and literature on similar experiences and subjects:

• www.riegobolivia.org• www.aguabolivia.org• www.bosquesandinos.info• www.proagro-bolivia.org• www.ifad.org• www.intercooperation.ch• www.gtz.de• www.dexcel.org

5�

Glossary

BMZ German Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation

CAF Corporación Andina de Fomento

CECI-Canadá Centro de Estudios y Cooperación Internacional

CONCERTAR Program on Governance of Natural Resources (Programa de

Gobernabilidad para el Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible con énfasis

en la gestión integral de los RRNN), Intercooperation

FU Farmers Union

GTZ German Technical Cooperation

IFAD International Fund for Agriculture Development

INNOWAT Sector Project Innovation in Water, IFAD

Intercooperation Swiss Foundation for Development and International

Cooperation

MdA Ministry of Water, Bolivia

MARENASS Project for Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

financed by IFAD and the Government of Peru

NICTs New Information and Communication Technologies

PROAGRO Sustainable Agriculture Development Program, financed by the

German Government in its Development Cooperation with

Bolivia, implemented by GTZ

RAYMI Raymi means fiesta in Quechua. It is a methodology for capacity

development, using local knowledge management, contests and

intensive exchange.

WUA Water Users Association

5�

Annexes:

1) Basic concept paper of the “First Bolivian Contest on Good Water Management and Use; Methods and Traditions”

PRIMER CONCURSO DE

“BUENAS PRÁCTICAS DE USO SOSTENIBLE DEL AGUA

EN LA LUCHA CONTRA LA POBREZA”

Antecedentes

En los años 2005 y 2006, el FIDA, la GTZ y otras agencias de cooperación, llevaron a cabo conmucho éxito dos concursos de “Mujeres en Lucha Contra la Pobreza”, orientados a pequeñosemprendimientos rurales de actividades de producción, transformación y comercialización deproductos.

En estos eventos se ha visto la necesidad de abrir este tipo de intercambios a otras temáticasrelacionadas con el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales para lograr el desarrollo de lasáreas rurales basado en sus propias potencialidades.

En base a estas experiencias, el FIDA, a través de su proyecto INNOWAT desde Roma, y laGTZ, quien a través del Programa de Desarrollo Agropecuario Sostenibles (PROAGRO) haconcertado acciones intersectoriales orientadas al uso sostenible de los recursos naturales conenfoque de cuencas, proponen realizar un primer concurso sobre “BUENAS PRÁCTICAS DEUSO SOSTENIBLE DEL AGUA EN LA LUCHA CONTRA LA POBREZA”

Objetivos

• Conocer buenas prácticas de uso sostenible del agua a partir de iniciativas decampesinos, indígenas y pueblos originarios y sus respectivas organizaciones.

• Conocer buenas prácticas de uso de agua por mujeres rurales, relacionadas a susámbitos de trabajo y cuidado del bienestar del hogar o de su comunidad.

• Ampliar y fortalecer las buenas prácticas de habitantes del área rural, a través deincentivos “concursables”.

• Rescatar, intercambiar, reconocer, socializar y difundir las buenas prácticas parafomentar el uso sostenible del agua en el país y adaptar políticas públicas hacia esteobjetivo.

• Analizar y sistematizar a partir de las propuestas recibidas de las diferentes regiones delpaís los problemas que afectan el uso sostenible del agua, para orientar futuras accionesde apoyo al sector desde el estado.

Grupo Meta

El concurso está dirigido a campesinos, indígenas y pueblos originarios, hombres y mujeres, ysus respectivas organizaciones, en torno al uso y manejo del agua.

�0

Metodología

Se considera la siguiente metodología:

1.- Convocatoria.- A través de entidades estatales, organizaciones no gubernamentales,programas y proyectos vinculados con FIDA, GTZ y otros cooperantes, se lanzará laconvocatoria, donde se darán a conocer las bases del concurso.

2.- Presentación de propuestas.- La presentación se realizará mediante un formatopreestablecido, donde los proponentes describirán de forma abierta su buena práctica yexplicarán sus experiencias: quienes participan, como se organizan, que acciones realizan,que beneficio obtienen, indicando sus ideas de cómo mejorarían su práctica con los recursosesperados de la premiación.

3.- Preselección de propuestas.- Todas las propuestas presentadas serán calificadas por unjurado conformado por los representantes designados de las instituciones organizadoras delconcurso, mediante la asignación de puntajes según criterios establecidos.

4.- Fase de acompañamiento a las propuestas preseleccionadas,- Los grupos de las propuestaspreseleccionadas recibirán asesoramiento en cuanto a la organización y documentación(videos, fotografías) de la buena práctica para su presentación en una feria exposición.

5.- Exposición de las experiencias seleccionadas.- Se realizará en una feria exposición, quecomprende la exposición de los resultados de la buena práctica, para lo cual se contará con“stands”, además de una presentación oral frente a un público, que podrá formularpreguntas. Adicionalmente se contará con proyecciones de videos. La feria concluye con lapremiación de los trabajos en efectivo.

Proceso de calificación

La calificación se realizará en dos instancias:

En una primera instancia, un jurado conformado por los representantes designados de lasinstituciones organizadoras del concurso, calificará todas las propuestas presentadas mediantela asignación de puntajes según criterios establecidos.

En una segunda instancia, otro jurado compuesto por los mismos participantes calificará todaslas propuestas presentadas, menos la propia, tomando en cuenta criterios sugeridos por losorganizadores, más otros elementos que ellos consideren importantes.

Criterios de calificación

I. Contribución al bienestar del hogar y de las comunidadesa. Saludb. Ingresosc. Seguridad alimentariad. Alivio a la carga de trabajoe. Prácticas religioso-culturales

��

II. Criterios de Sostenibilidada. Medidas duraderas en el tiempob. Forma de organización adoptada para la autogestión de la buena prácticac. Contribución a la conservación de los recursos naturalesd. Reducción de la contaminacióne. Formas de asegurar el conocimiento en la comunidad

III. Impactosa. Replicabilidad de la prácticab. Amplitud de impactos / beneficio social

IV. Innovacióna. Creatividad en combinar técnicas tradicionales con nuevasb. Adopción de nuevas tecnologías.c. Ideas de mejorar la práctica en el futuro

Premios

Los premios serán otorgados en efectivo (en dólares americanos), de acuerdo al siguientedetalle:

(OJO: por el momento esto es borrador, contando con el financiamiento por parte del

FIDA de un monto de 10.000 USD para los premios)

PREMIO MONTO1er Premio USD 2.000.-

2do Premio USD 1.500.-

3er Premio USD 1.200.-

4to Premio USD 1.000.-

5to Premio USD 900.-

6to Premio USD 800.-

7mo Premio USD 700.-

8vo Premio USD 700.-

9no Premio USD 600.-

10mo Premio USD 600.-

Productos del concurso

Se obtendrá:

a) Un video en formato DVD y/o VCD, como un documental sobre las buenas prácticas de los ylas concursantes, que incluya el registro del evento con la discusión y reflexiones de losparticipantes.

b) Un libro que resuma las propuestas de buenas prácticas de uso de agua en el área rural,presentadas al concurso, analizando sus problemas y su contribución en la lucha contra lapobreza rural y también recoja ponencias de profesionales vinculados a la temática,permitiendo de manera conjunta generar pautas que orienten a las políticas públicas alrespecto.

�2

Aspectos Operativos

Cada institución participante será la responsable de los recursos que aportará a este evento.

1.- Convocatoria: con el apoyo directo de la representación del FIDA en Bolivia y encoordinación con otras agencias de cooperación interesadas se procederá a lanzar laconvocatoria pública.

2.- Presentación y preselección de propuestas: El período de presentación de propuestas seráde dos meses calendario, las mismas que serán evaluadas y calificadas por un juradodesignado por los organizadores.

3.- Acompañamiento a propuestas preseleccionadas: Técnicos de PROAGRO GTZ apoyarán alos grupos, cuyas propuestas hayan sido preseleccionadas, en la preparación de materialespara la feria exposición. Asimismo, se contratará a un equipo de videastas para ladocumentación de las buenas prácticas.

4.- Realización de feria exposición: Los grupos seleccionados para la feria exposición, tendránun espacio para exponer sus buenas prácticas, donde colocarán sus fotografías, maquetas,cartulinas o cualquier medio que quieran utilizar para su explicación.

5.- Jurado Calificador para la preselección: Los integrantes del jurado calificador serán invitadospor los organizadores según su vinculación con la temática del concurso (programas,proyectos e instituciones de la cooperación internacional, instituciones del gobiernorelacionadas al tema, como viceministerios de cuencas, riego y género). Para ello, seenviarán con un mes de anticipación las cartas de invitación respectivas. La calificación delas propuestas se basará en criterios preestablecidos.

6.- Jurado calificador de las propuestas preseleccionadas: Se dividirá en dos partes, cada unacon el 50% del puntaje: a) una parte compuesta por autoridades de gobierno, ONGs,cooperación internacional y mujeres destacadas en el desarrollo rural y b) otra partecompuesta por los propios participantes. En primera instancia, los participantes desarrollaránuna competencia en una feria exposición donde demostrarán al jurado, compañeros ycompañeras participantes y al público en general, sus buenas prácticas, sus servicios, etc.Las calificaciones de ambas partes serán depositadas en dos urnas y luego se determinaránlos puestos de los ganadores de forma pública.

7.- Premiación: El acto de premiación se realizará al final de la feria exposición, donde seentregarán los premios en efectivo más un certificado, ante los distintos medios decomunicación oral, visual y escrita.

8.- Promoción y Difusión: Se llamará a los distintos medios de comunicación nacional, para supromoción y difusión.

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I Concurso Nacional

“Formas y costumbres de usar bien el agua en la lucha contra la pobreza”15 de Agosto de 2007

FIDA – INTERCOOPERATION -- GTZ

FORMATO DE PRESENTACIÓN DE PROPUESTAS

La presentación de las propuestas consta de tres partes, primero una ficha deidentificación donde el grupo de participante se presenta, segundo una descripción de

la práctica, y tercero, un cuestionario sobre la práctica. Para ser admitido en el

concurso, es necesario que se entreguen las tres partes hasta el 15 de agosto de 2007en una de las direcciones indicadas en el tríptico del Concurso.

1. FICHA DE IDENTIFICACIÓNDATOS GENERALES DEL GRUPO DE PARTICIPANTES

Ubicación(Colocar el nombre de la comunidad, la provincia, el municipio y el departamento donde se encuentra la experiencia)

A. Localidad o Comunidad: C. Municipio:

B. Provincia: D. Departamento:

Tipo de Organización para el uso del agua¿Qué tipo de organización tienen? A. Comunidad u OTB B. Sindicato C. Asociación

D. Ayllu E. Comité F. Cooperativa

G. Organización de mujeres H. Capitanía J. Municipios rurales

I. Otro: (anotar)……………..

Nombre de la Organización o grupo:

Nombres de 2 representantes del grupo*:

N° de mujeres que pertenecen al grupo y participan en su experiencia:

N° de hombres que pertenecen al grupo y participan en su experiencia:

Cuántos son jóvenes (menores de 25 años):

Título de la experiencia:

Breve descripción de la experiencia:

Instituciones que apoyan a la labor de grupo:

Fecha de inicio y monto de dinero invertido en la experiencia:

* Preferentemente con C.I.

��

I Concurso Nacional



2. PRESENTACIÓN LIBRE DE SU PROPUESTA

En esta parte, los y las proponentes deberán presentar sus experiencias de buen uso

del agua, describiendo todo lo que les parezca importante, en un documento de no

más de 4 páginas.

Podrán adjuntar al documento dibujos, fotografías u otra información, que se tomarán

en cuenta en la calificación de la propuesta. Solo deben entregar documentos enfotocopias, los mismos que no serán devueltos.

Se aceptará toda clase de experiencias de buen uso del agua, como por ejemplo: la

protección de las fuentes de agua, el uso del agua para la producción de alimentos yanimales domésticos, cuidado de la calidad del agua, organización de comités de

agua, resolución de conflictos por el agua, y en general todo uso del agua en beneficio

de la salud y el bienestar de la población.

�7

I Concurso Nacional



3. CUESTIONARIO SOBRE LA BUENA PRÁCTICA

A continuación los y las proponentes deberán responder a las preguntas relacionadas

con su experiencia y que pueden ayudar a entender mejor su buena práctica (si faltaespacio para responder aquellas preguntas que mayor relación tengan con su

experiencia, pueden aumentar hasta 3 hojas en total):

I. Contribución al bienestar del hogar y de las comunidades

¿Cómo la buena práctica de uso del agua ha contribuido a mejorar las condiciones desalud, de alimentación y de los ingresos de las familias?(Problemas solucionados, población más favorecida – niños, adultos o de tercera edad;cantidad y tipo de productos alimenticios, en qué meses del año; incremento de ingresos,actividades productivas en las que aplican las buenas prácticas, costo de ejecución)

¿Quiénes participan en la buena práctica? Y ¿Cómo están organizadas las familias entorno al uso del agua?(Miembros de la familia, tiempo necesario; Cargos o responsabilidades para la ejecución dela buena práctica, distribución de derechos y obligaciones de los usuarios para la ejecuciónde la buena práctica)

¿La buena práctica recoge costumbres y tradiciones del grupo organizado?(Importancia de la buena práctica para eventos religiosos o culturales, importancia de lacultura para la buena práctica)

II. Criterios de Sostenibilidad

¿Quién financia la realización de las prácticas?(Responsables de la buena práctica, calendario de las actividades, financiamiento)

��

I Concurso Nacional



¿Realizan actividades para conservar las fuentes de agua o para evitar lacontaminación de las fuentes de agua? ¿Cuáles son?(Breve descripción de actividades, responsables de organizarlas, participación de lapoblación, familia, apoyo institucional)

¿Cómo se transmiten los conocimientos a los niños, niñas y jóvenes sobre la gestióndel agua al interior del grupo, la comunidad o el municipio rural?(Participación de niños, niñas, jóvenes y mujeres, mejoramiento de la buena experiencia enbase a resultados logrados)

¿Qué ideas tiene para mejorar la práctica en el futuro?(Posibilidades de mejoramiento de la práctica, fondos y trabajo requerido)

III. Impactos

¿En qué medida, la buena experiencia ha ayudado a mejorar sus condiciones de vida?(Principales beneficios de la práctica, cambio de la actitud en la comunidad)

¿La buena experiencia ha sido copiada en otros lugares?(Requisitos para aplicar la buena práctica en otros lugares, lugares donde han copiado labuena práctica)

IV. Innovación

¿Cómo ha nacido la idea de la práctica? Y ¿se han adoptado nuevas tecnologías?(Conocimientos de antepasados, nuevas ideas, mejoramiento; proceso de aprendizaje,apoyo externo que reciben)

��

I Concurso Nacional



70

3) Examples of published material for the announcement of the contest

72

4) Letters to contact participants

PROAGRO Coordinación Casilla 11400 La Paz, Bolivia

prog ra ma a nteri or men ete cit ado

Su registro:

Nuestro Registro: PROAGRO-081

Fecha: 29/10/07

Teléfono: 2422348

E-Mail: [email protected]

Opcional:

REF.: Feria y premiación del Primer Concurso “Formas y Costumbresde Usar bien el Agua en la Lucha contra la Pobreza”.

Estimados Señores:

En nombre del Ministerio de Agua y de las agencias de Cooperación

organizadoras del Primer Concurso “Formas y Costumbres de Usar bien elAgua en la Lucha contra la Pobreza” queremos oficializar por escrito y

extenderles de manera muy cordial la invitación para participar en la feria de

exposición final y premiación de las propuestas concursantes, para los días

16 y 17 de noviembre 2007 en Cochabamba.

La feria-exposición tendrá lugar en el Pasaje de la Independencia, frente a la

Plaza Colón, acera Este entre Venezuela y Paccieri No. 448, donde cada

grupo participante tendrá su mesa bajo toldo para armar su stand. Además se

cuenta con un kiosco, en el cual se podrán efectuar eventuales números

culturales y/o musicales para ambientar la feria por parte de los y las

participantes.

A solicitud de muchos grupos proponentes en el concurso, hemos podido

convenir que cada grupo concursante puede participar con un máximo de

cuatro personas, a cuenta de las instituciones organizadoras. Para estas

cuatro personas se cubrirá hasta 3 noches de alojamiento (15 al 16, 16 al 17

y 17 al 18), pasajes ida y vuelta más viático de viaje, y la alimentación de los

días de la feria, 16 y 17 de noviembre 2007. Los grupos tienen que correr con

el gasto de ida, lo cual se le reembolsará contra entrega de comprobante en

la feria. Si algunos grupos quieren viajar con más personas, están

bienvenidas, pero corre a cuenta propia. Los organizadores no estamos con

la posibilidad ni de cubrir estos gastos extras, ni de organizar alojamiento

extra u otros aspectos.

Señores

Propuesta “Gestión Campesina Sistema

de Riego”

Asociación Regantes Punata

Punata - Cochabamba

7�

Página 2 de 2

Los grupos tienen que llegar a Cochabamba sea el día 15 de noviembre en la

tarde, o el día 16 en la mañana. La mañana del día viernes 16, los grupos

armarían sus mesas de exposición y a partir del medio día de este mismo

viernes se contará con las visitas del público e instituciones interesadas. El

día sábado 17 igualmente se contará con visita de público interesado y se

procederá a la exposición frente al jurado, con un tiempo máximo de

exposición de 10 minutos y 3 minutos adicionales para muestra de su

microreportaje, para lo cual cada grupo contará con su copia de video. Los

organizadores se encargan del equipamiento técnico necesario para mostrar

los videos. Se les solicita tomar en cuenta el tiempo definido para realizar sus

presentaciones. El programa prevé concluir con la premiación el sábado 17

por la tarde, Hrs 17:00.

Recuerdan que la premiación se hace a través de calificaciones y puntajes

proporcionados por dos jurados: un jurado conformado por delegados de las

instituciones organizadoras y un jurado conformado por delegados de los

propios grupos concursantes que se evaluarán mutuamente. El promedio de

los dos puntajes dará el puntaje y la posición final para el acto de premiación.

Para la recepción de los y las participantes, su alojamiento en la ciudad en el

Hotel Las Vegas y otros aspectos logísticos, esta a cargo la institución

CIADEP, representado por el Ing. Danny Flores. Se pueden comunicar con el

Ing. Flores en los siguientes teléfonos: 4-4528551 o 722-57173, Fax: 4-

4528551. La dirección del Hotel Las Vegas es la siguiente: Esteban Arce No.

352 entre Jordán y Sucre, Telfs: 4-4524614.

En lo posible, les rogamos informar los nombres de las 4 personas delegadas

por su grupo de manera anticipada al evento al Ing. Danny Flores. Además

solicitamos que todas las personas delegadas lleven su documento de

identificación al evento.

Con este motivo, deseándoles un buen viaje y feliz estadía en la ciudad de

Cochabamba, saludo a ustedes atentamente,

Lic. Andrea KuhlmannASESORA

PROAGRO/GTZ

cc: archivo

74

PROAGRO Coordinación Casilla 11400 La Paz, Bolivia

prog ra ma a nteri or men ete cit ado

Su registro:

Nuestro Registro: PROAGRO-046

Fecha: 07/09/07

Teléfono: 2422348

E-Mail: [email protected]

Opcional:

De nuestra consideración:

Mediante la presente comunicamos a Ud. que hemos recibido oportunamente su

propuesta para participar en el Primer Concurso “Formas y costumbres de usar bien el

agua en la lucha contra la pobreza” y le queremos agradecer por su iniciativa. Un

jurado designado por el Ministerio del Agua y las instituciones organizadoras del

concurso ha revisado detalladamente cada una de las 42 propuestas recibidas y ha

preseleccionado a 15 de ellas para ser expuestas en una feria a realizarse los días 16

y 17 de noviembre en la ciudad de Cochabamba. Los 10 trabajos que en la feria

reciban las calificaciones más altas, serán premiados.

Nos es grato comunicarle, que el trabajo presentado por su organización, se

encuentra entre las 15 propuestas preseleccionadas. En este sentido, les invitamos a

preparar una exposición en público sobre su propuesta “Cosecha de agua yaprovechamiento para riego de frutales”.

Para la presentación de su trabajo dispondrá de un espacio de un tamaño de dos

cartulinas (aprox. 120 x 160 cm) en una pared o en un panel, además de una pequeña

mesa. La presentación será libre, pero debe contener por lo menos un breve texto

sobre el trabajo, incluyendo objetivos, características y alcance, beneficios que se

obtienen, problemas que se confrontan y una propuesta para futuras mejoras.

Además, se recomienda documentar la práctica mediante fotografías, dibujos, figuras,

maquetas, herramientas, testimonios y otros. Informamos que las presentaciones

únicamente pueden ser presentadas por miembros de la misma población, no se

aceptará su delegación a técnicos profesionales de eventuales instituciones

acompañantes a la propuesta.

Señores

Participantes del Primer Concurso “Formas y

costumbres de usar bien el agua en la lucha contra la

pobreza”.

Comunidad

Municipio

Prov.

Departamento de

Presente.-

75

Página 2 de 2

Se ha previsto realizar una visita a las experiencias preseleccionadas, que estará a

cargo de técnicos del Ministerio del Agua y las instituciones organizadoras. El objetivo

de estas visitas es asistirles en la preparación de las presentaciones y, si

corresponde, darles algunas recomendaciones para mejorar las experiencias. En caso

de comprobarse de que alguna de las propuestas presentadas contenga información

incorrecta, ésta será descalificada.

A fin de divulgar todas las buenas experiencias, se pretende realizar una breve

filmación de los trabajos preseleccionados, tanto en campo como durante la feria.

Deseándoles mucho éxito en la preparación de sus presentaciones, saludamos a

ustedes muy cordialmente

Michael DreyerCoordinador del Programa DesarrolloAgropecuario Sostenible - GTZ

7�

5a) “List of things to do and information sheets” for technical field visits

PRIMER CONCURSO NACIONAL “FORMAS Y COSTUMBRES DE USAR BIENEL AGUA EN LA LUCHA CONTRA LA POBREZA”

VISITA Y REVISIÓN IN SITU DE LAS EXPERIENCIAS PRESENTADAS

Tareas:

- Verificar si las personas responsables de la experiencia recibieron la nota depreselección de propuestas, caso contrario entregar una copia

- Verificar si los líderes de la propuesta coinciden con las personas que figuran en laficha de identificación como “representantes del grupo” y si se trata de una organizaciónrural

- Identificar a las personas (representantes, líderes) que irían a la feria y la manera decontactarlas (debe ser gente del lugar donde se realiza la práctica, no técnicos de ONGs,fundaciones, empresas, universidades, iglesias, etc.)

- Averiguar si la organización está constituida legalmente, si tiene cuenta bancaria /tesorero, como girar un cheque en caso de que ganen un premio

- Revisar si el contenido de la propuesta coincide con la experiencia en campo

- Analizar técnicamente la experiencia y si corresponde, indicar a los responsables cómose podría mejorarla

- Averiguar si recibieron apoyo externo para concretizar la experiencia (financiamiento,asistencia técnica, etc.), evaluar su impacto y las posibles consecuencias en cuanto a lasostenibilidad

- Hacerles sugerencias para la presentación de la experiencia en la feria

- Preparar un breve informe de la visita (unas dos páginas), incluyendo una descripciónprecisa de cómo llegar a la comunidad y al lugar de la experiencia, personas decontacto, manera de contactarlas, resumen de la experiencia, característicassobresalientes (incluyendo fotos digitales), mejoras propuestas, recomendaciones parala feria, aspectos que debería incluir una filmación de 2 a 3 minutos de la experiencia

77

FICHA DE REVISIÓN DE CAMPO DE PROPUESTA DEL CONCURSO DE AGUA

Nombre de la propuesta Fecha

Lugar Comunidad Municipio Departamento

Persona que recibió la carta de preselección Fecha

Nombre de la organización Tipo, documento legal

Nombre de las personas de contacto Cargo

Nombre de las personas que participarán en la feria Cargo

Medios de comunicación con las personas de contacto y/o participantes de la feria

Descripción general de la experiencia de uso del agua

Instituciones que apoyaron la experiencia

Impacto de la experiencia (organización, comunidad) Sostenibilidad de la experiencia

Sugerencias para mejorar la experiencia

De que manera piensan realizar la presentación de su propuesta en la feria, recomendaciones

Aspectos importantes que deberían ser considerados en la filmación de las experiencias

Observaciones y comentarios generales

5b) Information form for technical field visits.

7�

CROQUIS DE UBICACIÓN DE LA COMUNIDAD Y LUGAR DE LA PRÁCTICA

(Indicar las distancias y tiempos de viaje)

7�

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