AUTOMATED CONSTRUCTION BY CONTOUR CRAFTING

PRESENTED BY:KHYATI SAGGU 31502325

CONTENTS DEMAND FOR INNOVATION IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES CONTOUR CRAFTING- INTRODUCTION CONTOUR CRAFTING MODEL APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTION ADVANTAGES OF CONTOUR CRAFTING OVER

CONVENTIONAL METHODS IMPACTS OF CONTOUR CRAFTING FUTURE SCOPE CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES

DEMAND FOR INNOVATION IN CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

THE PROBLEMHOUSING CONSTRUCTION LABOR INTENSIVESLOWDANGEROUSCORRUPTALWAYS OVER BUDGET

THIS SITUATION IS CREATING ANXIETY AND DEMANDING FOR QUICK AND INNOVATIVE

SOLUTION

CONTOUR CRAFTING Contour Crafting is an

additive fabrication technology that uses computer control to exploit the superior surface-forming capability of troweling to create smooth and accurate planar and free-form surface.

IDEA BEHIND THE TECHNIQUE

CONSTRUCTION TOOLS COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN ROBOTICS

CONTOUR CRAFTING PROCESS

CONTOUR CRAFTING MODEL

HOUSE BUILDING PROCESS

Flattening of the surface

Excavation of trenches for foundation

CC runs on specially developed rails

Cross beam is provided to link the limbs

The raw material is pumped using pipes

As the concrete hardens fast , it provides the support for the other layer

Window and ceilings are laid using robotic arms

As the pre manufactured ceiling is being laid it offers surface roof

APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTION

• DESIGN FLEXIBILITY: The process allows architects to design structures with functional and exotic architectural geometries

• MULTIPLE MATERIALS : Multiple materials that chemically react with one another may be fed

through the CC nozzle system and mixed in the nozzle barrel immediately before deposition

Construction of adobe buildings

• UTILITY CONDUITS: These may be built into the walls of a building structure precisely as dictated by the CAD data

• SMART MATERIALS: Since deposition is controlled by computer, accurate amounts of selected construction materials, such as smart concrete, may be deposited precisely in the intended locations.

• AUTOMATED TILING OF FLOOR AND WALLS: Automated tiling of floors and walls may be integrated by

robotically delivering and spreading the material for adhesion of tiles to floors or walls

Complex Wall Section

Automated Tiling Contd.

• AUTOMATED PLUMBING: For plumbing, after fabrication of several wall layers, a segment of copper pipe is attached through the constructed conduit onto the lower segment already installed.

• AUTOMATED ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATION WIRING: The modules have conductive segments for power and communication lines imbedded in electrically non-conductive materials such as a polymer.

• AUTOMATED PAINTING: During or after layer wise construction of walls a spray painting robotics manipulator, attached to the CC main structure may paint each wall according to desired specifications.

Plumbing modules and grippers

Electrical modules

Contd.

• AUTOMATED REINFORCEMENT: Robotic modular imbedding of steel mesh reinforcement into each layer is devised by three simple modular components that is delivered by an automated feeding system that deposits and assembles them between the two rims of each layer of walls built by CC.

Reinforcement components andassembly procedures for walls andcolumns

ADVANTAGES OF CONTOUR CRAFTING OVER CONVENTIONAL METHODS

The reduction of construction duration by implementing contour crafting:

STUDY CARRIED OUT BY :Carel M. Rouhana and Farook R. Hamzeh MODEL USED: single unit square shaped of size by EZStrobe METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION conventional construction method and

Contour Crafting

duration of 90.52±2.12 hours with a standard error of 0.067

duration of 29.54±0.065 hours with a standard error of 0.002

RESULT

COST REDUCTION BY CONTOUR CRAFTING

S NO. COST PORTION%

REASON VARIATION USING CONTOUR CRAFTING

1 20-25 FINANCING SHORT PROJECT LENGTH AND CONTROL OF TIME TO MARKET WILL DRAMATICALLY REDUCE THE COST.

2 25-30 MATERIAL WILL BE WASTE LESS (LEAN) PROCESS.

3 45-55 LABOR WILL BE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED

STUDY CONDUCTED BY MR. BEHROKH KHOSHNEVIS

APPLICABILITY WITH VARIETY OF MATERIALS

Several CC machines have been developed for research on fabrication with ceramics and experiments have been conducted to optimize the CC process to produce a variety of 2.5D and 3D parts with various shapes

CC machine for ceramic paste extrusion Representative 2.5D and 3D shapes by CC

IMPACTS OF CONTOUR CRAFTINGECONOMIC IMPACT

EMPLOYMENT IMPACT

SOCIAL IMPACT

REGULATORY IMPACT

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT

ARCHITECTURAL IMPACT

FUTURE SCOPE ALTERNATIVE ROBOTICS APPROACH An approach involving the coordinated action of

multiple mobile robots is at the stake of development. The mobile robotics would have several advantages including ease of transportation and setup, the possibility of concurrent construction where multiple robots work on various sections of the structure.

Construction by Mobile Robots

EXTRATERRESTRIAL APPLICATIONS

The moon has been suggested as the ideal location for solar power generation and subsequent microwave transmission to earth via satellite relay stations. Once solar power is available, it would be possible to adapt the current Contour Crafting technology to the lunar and other environments to use this power and in-situ resources to build various forms of infrastructures such as roads and buildings.

Fuel storage tank in space

CONCLUSIONS

• Contour Crafting has the potential for immediate application in low income housing and emergency shelter construction

• Construction of luxury structures with exotic architectural designs involving complex curves and other geometries , which are expensive to build using manual approach, is another candidate application domain for CC

• According to various established statistics the construction industry accounts for a significant amount of various harmful emissions and construction activities generate an exorbitant amount of solid waste

• Because of its accurate additive fabrication approach Contour Crafting could result in little or no material waste

CONTOUR CRAFTING– SOLUTION THAT WILL SHAPE CONSTRUCTION FUTURE

AND FUTURE HAS ALREADY BEGIN…….

REFERENCES 1. Hwang, D. (2005) Experimental Study of Full-Scale Wall

Construction using Contour Crafting, PhD Dissertation, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California,May, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.

2. Fischer, M., Bazjanac, V., and Mrazovic, N., (2013). “Framework for bringing 3D printing into the construction industry”, Center for Integrated Facility Engineering, CIFE, Stanford University.

3. Higgins, D. Jr., Fryer, S., Stratton, R., Simpson, D., and Reginato, J. (2012). “Using the Forward Thinking Index™ to Reduce Delays Related to Request for Information Process”, Proceedings for the 20th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction. San Diego: USA.