ContraceptivesWhat you NEED to KNOW…• About 750,000 teens (15-19) become pregnant is US

each year• 6 in 10 US pregnancies are unplanned• Most teens do not plan on having sex the first time and

forget to use birth control method• Couples who use no birth control have an 85% chance

of a pregnancy within the first yearRemember: • The total risks of birth control are much less than the

total risks of pregnancy!

All Information from Nathan Matza,Huntington Beach Community Clinic, 2002

Abstinence

• Only 100% method of Birth Control• Communication between partners is

important • Reasons to abstain:– Personal beliefs– Medical reasons– Moral or religious values– Future Plans– Not ready for an intimate relationship

Oral, Patch, & Ring Contraceptives

• Hormones work to stop ovulation, thin uterine lining, and thicken cervical mucus

• Safe and over 99% effective when taken properly

• Pap Smear/ Prescription required• Eases menstrual cramps• Shortens/regulates periods• Decreases acne• Decreases incidence ovarian cysts• Prevents ovarian and uterine cancer• Forms:

– Pills (1 pill each day for 21 days)– Patch (1 patch a week for 3 weeks)– Ring (worn inside for 3 weeks)

• No Protections against STDs• To be effective:

– Take same time everyday– Use condoms for fisrt month– Use condoms when on

antibiotics– Use condoms for 1 week if you

miss a pill• Side-Effects

– Breast Tenderness– Nausua– Increase in Headaches– Moodiness– Weight change– Spotting

Male Condoms• 97% effective when used properly

(actual 88% effective due to human error)

• Prevents pregnancy and the spread of STDs

• Blocks egg and sperm from meeting

• Available in latex or polyurethane• Can be combined with spermicide

to increase effectiveness

Female Condoms

• 95% effective (typically 79% effective due to human error)

• Polyurethane• Physically inserted into

vagina• Blocks egg and sperm

from meeting

Emergency Contraception (ECP)• AKA Plan B and the Morning after pill• Must be taken within 72 hours of

unprotected sex (2 pills taken 12 hours apart)

• Reduces chance of pregnancy by 75%• Floods ovaries with hormones and

prevents ovulation• Alters environment of uterus to disrupt

egg and sperm

Depo-Provera Shot

• 99.7% effective at preventing pregnancy

• Given once every 3 months to prevent pregnancy

• Stops ovulation and menstrual cycles

• Thickens cervical mucus

• Side Effects:– Spotting for 3-6 months– Weight change– Breast tenderness– Mood change

Spermicides

• Only 76% effective when used alone• Chemicals kill sperm in vagina• Some work instantly, other require pre-

insertion• Forms:– Jelly, Foam, Film, Suppository

• Should be used in combination with another method

Diaphragm• 94% effective (typically 80%

due to human error)• Latex barrier placed inside

vagina during intercourse• Fitted by physician• Inserted 18 hours prior to

intercourse• Can be left in for a total pf 24

hours• Should be used with

spermicidal jelly for increased effectiveness

Cervical Cap• Latex barrier inserted in

vagina before intercourse• “caps” around cervix with

suction• Fill with spermicidal jelly

prior to use• Can be left in body for up to

48 hours• Must be left in place 6

hours after intercourse• 91%effective (typically only

80%)

Intrauterine Devices (IUD)• T-shaped object placed in the uterus

to prevent pregnancy• Does not protect against STDs• Must be on period during insertion

(may hurt 1-2 mins after insertion)• Over 99% effective• Prevents sperm from reaching egg• Prevents egg from implanting into

uterus• IUD can cause a perforation in

uterus• Can get PID during insertion which

can cause infertility• Lasts up to 5 years• Can be Copper or Hormonal

Tubal Ligation

• Permanent Sterilization• Surgical Procedure

performed on woman• Fallopian tubes are cut,

tied, and cauterized• Prevents eggs from

reaching sperm• Failure rate 0.8-3.7%• May experience heavier

periods

Vasectomy

• Male permanently sterilized• Failure rate 0.1%• Faster and easier recovery

than tubal ligation• Ligation of Vas Deferens

tube• Prevents the release of

sperm• A reverse surgery is

available, with 50-70% chance of pregnancy after

Withdrawal or Pull Out Method

• Removal of penis from vagina before ejaculation occurs

• Not a sufficient method of birth control by itself

• 1 in 5 women practicing withdrawal become pregnant

• Very difficult for male to “control”

Natural Family Planning & Fertility Awareness Method

• Woman take a class to learn how to calculate their more fertile times

• Requires special equipment and cannot be self-taught

• NFP: abstains from sex during fertile time• FAM: uses barrier method during fertile time• Typical effectiveness rate 75%• But there is no 100% “safe day”