Kouki Matsuse Professor Meiji University , Japan Fellow, IEEJ & IEEE IPEC-Hiroshima Invited Speech 2014. 5. 19

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Contributions of Japan to Power Electronics and Motor Drive Systems

Overview•Brief History of IPEC•Power Electronics and Drive Technologies in Japan•Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives

1964 –First high-speed railway “Shinkansen” using DC drive with diode rectifiers began operation in Japan 1964 –Electric vehicle “Electrovair1” using IM drive of thyristor inverter with Silver-Zinc Battery was introduce by GM

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A few significant events in global history

of power electronics and drives

1953 – Prof. Kawamura was born in Yamaguchi, Japan!

1. Brief History of IPEC

1879 –2.2kW electric locomotive drew 3 coaches in Berlin industrial exposition as the first electric rail1881 –First electric vehicle with a rechargeable battery as power source was introduced1891 --Ward-Leonard speed control was introduced1948 --Transistor was invented at Bell Labs

1956-1957 --Power diode and thyristor(SCR) was introduced by GE1961 --Impulse-commutated inverter was introduced1964 --“Principles of Inverter Circuit” was published (almost all AC drive main circuit topologies using thyristors were introduced)

1969 --Dissertation on dynamic speed controlled drive was introduced by Dr. Hasse1971 --Flux detecting vector control was introduced by Siemens 1974 –PWM technique for single-phase converter in rail application was introduced in Germany1975 --Giant transistor GTR was commercialized in Japan1978 --Power MOSFET was introduced1980 --High-power GTOs were commercialized in Japan1981 --3 level inverter was introduced 1987 --IGBT was commercialized in Japan1996- First mass-produced and purpose-designed electric vehicle was

introduced by General Motors. (Prototype in 1990)1997 –Hybrid electric vehicle “PRIUS” was commercialized by TOYOTA 2009 –Electric vehicle “i-MiEV” was commercialized by Mitsubishi Motors2012 –Large-capacity SiC diode was introduced in rail application of

Japan

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A few significant events in global history

of power electronics and drives

1. Brief History of IPEC

Japanese Attendees in Major P.E. Conferences in the 1970s

*An important milestone.

1. Brief History of IPEC

Prof. R.G.Hoft proposed to hold the P.E. Intr. conference in Japan.

Dr. E. Reimers was the general chair and host scientist of this conference.

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1977*

A Commemorative International Event

The US-Japan Cooperative Science Seminar on

Analysis and Design in Power Electronics

　　

　　　　　　　　　　 Nov. 25-29, 1981 International Conference Center, Kobe, Japan

Sessions ＊ General analysis of power electronics, ＊ Simulation of power electronics＊ Analysis and design of static converters＊ Analysis and design of motor drives, and＊ Workshop on microprocessor application in 　 power electronics with 29 separate papers.

1. Brief History of IPEC

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US participants

Richard G. Hoft

John G. Kassakian

Thomas A. Lipo

Donald W. Novotny

Robert D. Middlebrook

Thomas G. Wilson

U. S. Observers

Laszlo Gyugyi

William McMurray

B. J. Min

Third Country Observers

Sashi B. Dewan

Klemens Heumann

US Members of the Seminar1. Brief History of IPEC

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Japanese Members of the SeminarJapanese participants Tung Hai Chin Yasuhiko Dote Hiromasa Haneda Kosuke Harada Fumio Harashima Tagao Hirasa Toru Maruhashi Takuro Mochizuki Yoshishige Murakami Akira Nabae Noriaki Sato Yuzuru Tsunehiro

Japanese observers

Yoshihisa Hirane

Yoshitaka Ikeda

Kenzo Kamiyama

Yasuo Miki

Mutsuo Nakaoka

Eiichi Ohno

Yukio Takeda

Hiroshi Watanabe

1. Brief History of IPEC

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IPEC-Tokyo 19831. Brief History of IPEC

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1. Brief History of IPEC

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1. Brief History of IPEC IPEC-Tokyo 1990

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1. Brief History of IPEC

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1. Brief History of IPEC

1995: in YokohamaT.A.Lipo,”Converter Fed Motors; A New Family of Electrical Machines”K.Imai, ”Power Electronics strives to be friendly to the Environment”

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1983: in TokyoS.Saba ,”Electric Challenges for Innovation in Industrial and Social Systems”R.G.Hoft ,”Power Electronics: Historical Review Present Status and Future Prospect”

1. Brief History of IPEC

Keynote Speech

1990: in TokyoE.Ohno,”The Semiconductor Evolution in Japan-A Four Decade Long Maturity Thriving to an Indispensable Social Standing”K.Heumann,”Power Electronics-State of the Art”M.Nishihara ,”Power Electronics Diversity”

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1. Brief History of IPEC

Painted by Prof. M.Matsui

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1. Brief History of IPEC

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1. Brief History of IPEC

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1. Brief History of IPEC

2010: in SapporoE.Masada ,”Railway Technologies in the Next Decade and Power Electronics”G.Snitchler,”Progress on High Temperature Superconductor Propulsion Motors and Direct Drive Generators”P.K.Steimer,”Enabled by High Power Electronics- Energy Efficiency, Renewables and Smart Grid”

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1. Brief History of IPEC

Keynote Speech2000: in TokyoY.Kaya ,”Response Strategies for Global Warming and the Role of Power Technologies

H.Stemmler,”State of the Art and Future Trends in High Power Electronics” L.Gyugyi,”Converter-based FACTS Technology: Electric Power Transmission in 　　　 the 21st Century”

2005: in NiigataT.Fukao,”Energy Environment and Power Electronics”J.G.Kassakian,” Innovation, Technology and Power Electronics”L.Lorenz ,”Power Semiconductors State of the Art and Future Development”

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　　　 Japanese 　　 　　　　 　　 Foreigners 　　 Sessions

Part

icip

an

ts

　　　　 Year

　　

　　

Sessio

ns

Sessions and participants of IPECs

1. Brief History of IPEC

JEMA: The Japan Electrical Manufacturers' Association

No.

of

Uni

ts (

Mill

ion)

0

1

2

3

4

5

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

JEMA DataEstimated

- General purpose ac motor drives -

up to 75kW

IPECTokyo

IPECTokyo

IPECYokohama

IPECTokyo

IPECNiigata

IPECSapporo

Practical applications of technologies growth of industry.

Road to the Worldwide Events1. Brief History of IPEC

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2 Power Electronics and Drive Technologies in Japan

2014

Flux control based on slip frequency type vector control (1978)

Neutral-Point-Clamped PWM inverter (1981) PWM control applying instantaneous space

voltage vector (1983) PWM control to make maximum sinusoidal line

to line voltage (1983) Quick response torque and flux control of IM

(1985) Signal injection method for estimating two

parameters simultaneously(1993)

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2. Power Electronics and Drive Technologies in Japan

Some New Technologies from Japan

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2 Power Electronics and Drive Technologies in Japan

　　　　 Series 300 Power Converter

Length 3250mm Width 2400mm

　 　 　 　 　 S.　700

2200mm　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　3200mm

S.　N700　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　S.　N700A

2180mm 3250mm 1630mm 3250mm

The weight of Series 300 is set to 100

100　　　　　　　　　　　80　　　　　　　　　　　60　　　　　　　　　　40　　　　　　　　　　　　20　　　　　　　　　　　　　　0

Series　300　　　　　700　　　　　　　　　N700　　　　　　　　　N700A

Traction converter weight comparison

Transition of Traction Converters in Shinkansen by Dr. K.Sato, JR Central

1990 1997 　 2007 　GTO IGBT

1,120kg

Future Needs

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2. Power Electronics and Drive Technologies in Japan

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Active Magnetic Bearing

Electric Oil Pump & Scavenge System

Low PressureGenerator

ElectricActuators

Electric Fuel Pump & Metering Unit, and Controller

High PressureStarter/Generator

Power Electronics for More Electric Aircraft

3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives

K. Rajashekara, Converging Technologies, SAE Power Systems, 2010,

Power Optimized Aircraft

http://www.terrafugia.com/

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Main controller

Battery control unit

Lithium-ion battery

Inverter

CoolingSystem

On-boad charger100VAC

200VAC

Connector for rapid charger

Junctionbox

CHAdeMORapid charging

system

MotorScrew propeller propulsion system

Boat Length* Beam* Depth :10.00* 2.30* 1.20 [m] Weight :1.3 [ton] Speed :12 [knots] Crew :12

Electricity Battery capacity :26 [kWh] Motor maximum speed :6,480 [min-1] Motor rated power :45 [kW] Motor maximum power :80 [kW] Motor maximum torque :200 [Nm]

RAICHO-I Specifications

Plug-In Electric boat “RAICHO-I” Electrical system diagram

Referred by Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology

3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives

Plug-in Electric Boat by Dr. H. Hara, Yasukawa Elec.

Future standardization landscapeFacing future trends in TC 22 - a discussion

INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION

Holger LaibleChairman IEC SC 22E

Version: 2013-09-27

Technical Trends*Increased appearance of power electronics*More power electronics in the grid (less rotating mass)*Increased importance of grid codes*Functional Safety for power electronics*Security of systems (to be discussed)*Environmental aspects (e.g. Energy Efficiency and CO2)*Merging of functions from different products in one system

3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives

Lots of merged products 　　 What product category is it?

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Example for future standards architecture

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3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives

Challenges

Renewal of structures

Larger working groups

Achieving speed

Changing mindsets

Changed responsibility of subcommittees

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Changes

3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives

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IEC TC22 NWIP of bi-directionalgrid connected power converter

The Japanese National Committee for IEC TC 22, 2013-09-27, 2014.1.30

Object*In order to optimize the power consumption of a home, it is necessary to combine a generator with a storage unit to control optimally. *For stable growth of a market, extendibility, and compatibility, energy conservation is important. Product certification based on new standard will advance the development.

3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives

Typical example of bi-directional grid connected power converter

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Distribution board

Bi-directional grid connected power converter

Power source,battery(FEV,HEV,EV,….)

Publicmains

DC/DC

DC/DC

DC/ACPower source(PV,---)

Home appliances

DC/AC: Grid side inverterDC/DC: Application side d.c. converter Power source: generator or storage

DC-connection interface

DC-portinterface

Bi-directional GCPC is combined with multiple power sources for unified home power supply which provides electricity power to home appliances.

Meter

3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives

Finally, I think the world needs more power electronics, and power electronics is spreading to new applications to give a bright future.

Thank you very much for your kind attention.