control and coordination kky

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Control and coordination Control and coordination are the functions of the nervous system and hormones in our bodies.

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Page 1: Control and coordination kky

Control and coordination

Control and coordination are the functions of the nervous system and

hormones in our bodies.

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Nervous system

• Touching a hot object is an urgent and dangerous situation for us. We need to detect it, and respond to it. How do we detect that we are touching a hot object? All information from our environment is detected by the specialised tips of some nerve cells. These receptors are usually located in our sense organs, such as the inner ear, the nose, the tongue, and so on. So gustatory receptors will detect taste while olfactory receptors will detect smell.

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Structure of Neuron

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Working of neuron

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SPINAL REFLEX ACTION• The reflexes of this type which involve only the

spinal cord are called spinal reflexes. • Please note that when we lift a hot plate, then

along with heat, the pain produced by heat also acts as a 'stimulus'.

• Most of the reflex actions involve only the spinal cord. They are called spinal reflexes.

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BRAIN REFLEX ACTION• Reflex actions which involve brain are called

cerebral reflexes. • Cerebral reflexes occur in the organs present in the

head because these organs are directly connected to the brain.

• Example. Our eyes are present in the head. In dim light, the pupil (a hole in the front of eye) is large so that more light can enter into the eye and make us see properly even in dim light.

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Working of reflex action

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Human brain

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Cerebrum -The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes.

Cerebrum Cerebrum

Cerebellum

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Cerebral Cortex

Cerebral Cortex

Cerebral Cortex - The outermost layer of gray matter making up the superficial aspect of the cerebrum.

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Brain has 3 regions• Fore- Brain - cerebrum, thalamus, and

hypothalamus (part of the limbic system).

• Mid-brain - The midbrain consists of the tectum and tegmentum.

• Hind-brain - cerebellum, pons and medulla. Often the midbrain, pons, and medulla are referred to together as the brainstem.

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Fore- brain• The forebrain is divided into 2 halves – the right and

left cerebral hemispheres. • The cerebral hemispheres control your movement,

thinking, memory, emotions, senses and speech.• As the nerve fibres leave the brain, they cross over

from one side to the other.• This means that the nerves that come from the

right side of your brain control the left side of your body.

• Each hemisphere is divided into 4 areas called the

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Working of Human Brain

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How brain tissues are protected?• The brain is protected by a series of bone, membrane,

and fluid. • The outermost protection is the cranium, or skull, which

protects the brain from blows that could easily damage it.• Then there are three membranes called meninges. • Then brain is protected by a clear liquid called

cerebrospinal fluid. This forms a cushion between the soft brain tissue and the hard cranial bones. This same fluid also fills spaces inside the brain.

• Tissues inside the spaces produce cerebrospinal fluid, which flow through the spaces between the membranes.

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How does the neuron tissue causes action

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•Presentation by:-Kunal X-BBrijeshArpitMeghraj