control of brazilian peppertree and australian-pine using...

Control of Brazilian Peppertree and

Australian-Pine using Aminocyclopyrachlor

Brent A. Sellers1, J. A.Ferrell2,

and G. E. MacDonald2

1UF-IFAS Range Cattle REC, Ona, FL2UF-IFAS Agronomy Department, Gainesville, FL

Brazilian Peppertree

Multi-stemmed trunk

• 3-13 m tall

• <10 cm DBH (1 m)

Compound leaves

• 2-10 cm long; 1-3.5

cm wide

• 7 (3-15) glabrous

leaflets (toothed)

Distal flowers

• Primarily dioecious


Native to South America

Two introductions in Florida

• Punta Gorda (Type A)

• Miami (Type B)

Hybridization – possible “cold” tolerance

~283,000 hectares in Florida

• Disturbed & natural areas

High fecundity

Environmental tolerance


Seedlings

• 20% resprout after fire

• Flood tolerant, except for extreme changes

• 30 to 60% viability; <1% at 5 months

Flowering

• September through November

• Male flowers = 1 d; Female flowers = 6 d

Trees live up to 35 yrs


Control

• Foliar

Triclopyr amine – water soluble

Triclopyr ester – oil soluble

• Basal

Triclopyr ester

Hexazinone (soil app)

• Cut-stump

Triclopyr

Australian-pine (Casuarina spp.)

Angiosperm

Large trees

• 20-46 m tall

• Evergreen

Single trunk

Leaves=scales

Samaras

Australian-pine

Native to Australia,

South Pacific,

Southeast Asia

1890s

• Windbreaks

• R to salt spray

Grow ~2 m/yr

Hybridization

1,000s seeds/tree

Australian-pine

Seeds

• Disseminated in air or water currents

• Germinate within 14 d in fresh or salt water

• Viable up to 2 yrs

Flowers

• Monoecious

• Spring and summer; peak April to June

Australian-pine

Control

• Basal bark

10-20% triclopyr ester

• Cut-stump

50% triclopyr amine

10-20% triclopyr ester

• Frill (larger trees)

20% triclopyr ester

Addition of 3% imazapyr = more consistent

Aminocyclopyrachlor

Aminocyclopyrachlor (ACP)

new growth regulator herbicide

(similar to picloram)

ACP Products

Perspective

• ACP 39.5%

• Chlorsulfuron 15.8%

Streamline

• ACP 39.5%

• Metsulfuron 12.6%

Viewpoint• ACP 22.8%

• Metsulfuron 7.3%

• Imazapyr 31.6%

BP Cut Stump

Westin (2011) and Okeechobee (2012),

FL

• 2011 – oil formulation

• 2012 – amine formulation

Cut trees to 4”; 4-8” diameter

Treated immediately after cutting

Mixed in basal oil

Regrowth monitored 6, 12 and 24 MAT

BP Cut Stump

Experiment 1 (Oil)

Treatment Rate (% v/v)

ACP 0.5

ACP 1.0

ACP 2.0

ACP 4.0

ACP 8.0

Triclopyr-ester 20.0

Untreated -

Experiment 2 (SL)

Treatment Rate (% v/v)

ACP (360 SL) 1.7

ACP (360 SL) 3.3

ACP (360 SL) 6.7

ACP (360 SL) 10

ACP (260 SL) 10

Triclopyr-ester 20

Untreated -

BP Cut Stump I Results

BP Cut Stump II Results

BP Foliar

Experiment 1 (2012)

Treatment Rate (oz/A)

Streamline 7.0

9.5

11.4

Viewpoint 13.0

16.0

20.0


Untreated

Experiment 2 (2013)


Streamline 9.0

11.4

14.0

Viewpoint 16.0

20.0

24.0


Untreated

BP Foliar I Results

BP Foliar II Results

Australian-pine Foliar

July, 2013

December, 2013

Hialeah, FL

Single nozzle; 25

GPA

Foliar


Streamline 7.5

9.5

11.5

Viewpoint 12.9

16.4

20.0


Untreated

Australian-pine Results

Conclusions

Cut-stump applications very effective on

Brazilian peppertree

Higher rates of Streamline and Viewpoint

needed for complete mortality of Brazilian

peppertree

Australian-pine is extremely sensitive to

ACP products

control of brazilian peppertree and australian-pine using...

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