control of the internal environment chapter 2. homeostasis: dynamic constancy homeostasis...
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Control of the Internal Environment
Chapter 2
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Homeostasis: Dynamic Constancy Homeostasis
– Maintenance of a constant or unchanging “normal” internal environment
– Few / mild demands so few responses
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Homeostasis: Dynamic Constancy Steady state
– Constant internal environment, but not necessarily “normal”
– Balance achieved between demands placed on body and the response to those demands
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Some Examples:
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Changes in Blood Pressure at Rest
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Changes in Body Core Temperature During Exercise
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What controls the system?
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Biological Control Systems
Series of interconnected components that serve to maintain a physical or chemical parameter near normal
Receptor– Capable of detecting changes
Integrating center– Assesses input and initiates response
Effector– Corrects changes to internal environment
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Nature of Control Systems
Most control systems act via negative feedback– Response reverses the initial disturbance
in homeostasis
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Components of a Biological Control System
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Regulation of Room Temperature: a Non-Biological Control System
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Example of Homeostatic Control:Regulation of Blood Pressure
Stimulus– Increased blood pressure from HR
Receptors – Baroreceptors in carotid arteries and aorta
Integrating center – Medulla of the brain
Effector – Heart
Response– Decreased blood pumped from heart
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Example of Homeostatic Control:Regulation of Blood Pressure
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Example of Homeostatic Control:Regulation of Blood Glucose
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Nature of Control Systems
Gain of the system– Degree to which the control system
maintains homeostasis– System with large gain is more capable of
maintaining homeostasis• Large gain = narrow limits• Small gain = wide limits
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Example of Homeostatic Control:Regulation of Blood Glucose
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Questions?
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