control statements in java
TRANSCRIPT
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Presented By Niloy Saha
Control Statements in Java
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
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Control Statements
Selection
Iteration
Jump
Outlines
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Selection
Selection Statements
Switch Statement
Selection Statements are also called Decision Making Statements.
Selection Statements
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if Statements
Simple if
if else
if- else- if Ladder
Nested if
if Statements
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Simple if Syntax :
if (condition){ statement1;}
Purpose: The statements will be evaluated if the value of the condition is true.
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Simple ifStart
End
Condition
Statements
FalseTrue
Flow Chart:
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Example
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if else Syntax :
if (condition){ statement1;}else{ statement2;}
Purpose: The statement 1 is evaluated if the value of the condition is true otherwise statement 2 is true.
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if else
FalseTrue
Flow Chart: Start
End
Condition
Statement 1 Statement 2
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Example
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If-else-if LadderSyntax :
if(condition) statements;else if(condition) statements;else if(condition) statements;......else statements;
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Examplesimport java.util.Scanner;class Day{ public static void main(String args[]) { Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enet day between 0 to 6 Day = "); int day = s.nextInt(); if (day == 0) { System.out.println("\n Sunday"); } else if (day == 1) { System.out.println("\n Monday"); } else if (day == 2) { System.out.println("\n Tuesday"); }
else if (day == 3) { System.out.println("\n Wednesday"); } else if (day == 4) { System.out.println("\n Thursday"); } else if (day == 5) { System.out.println("\n Friday"); } else { System.out.println("\n Saturday"); } }}
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Nested if• A nested if is an if statement that is the target of another if or else.• Nested ifs are very common in programming.
Syntax :
if(condition){ if(condition) statements.... else statements....}else{ if(condition) statements.... else statements....}
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Example
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switch Syntax :
switch (expression) {case value 1 : statement 1 ; break; case value 2 : statement 2 ; break; ......case value N : statement N ; break;default : statements ; break; }
Purpose: The statements N will be evaluated if the value of the logical expression is true.
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switchFlow Chart:
Case A
Case B
…
default
False
False
False
Case A Statementsbreak;
Case B Statementsbreak;
Case C Statementsbreak;
Default Statements
Start
Variable or Expression
True
True
True
End
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Example
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Iteration StatementsIterations/ Loops
while
do while
for
Each loop has four types of statements :
Initialization Condition checking Execution Increment / Decrement
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whileSyntax:
initializationwhile(final value){ statements; increment/decrement;}
Purpose: To evaluate the statements from initial value to final value with given increment/decrement.
m=1while(m<=20){ System.out.println(m); m=m+1;}
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Exampleclass while1{ public static void main(String args[]) { int i=1; while(i<=10) { System.out.println("\n" + i); i++; } }}
Output :12345678910
print values from 1 to 10
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do whileSyntax:
initializationdo{ statements; increment/decrement;} while(final value);
Purpose: To evaluate the statements from initial value to final value with given increment/decrement.
m=1do{ System.out.println(m); m=m+1;}while(m==20);
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Exampleclass dowhile1{ public static void main(String args[]) { int i = 1; int sum = 0; do { sum = sum + i; i++; }while (i<=10); System.out.println("\n\n\tThe sum of 1 to 10 is .. " + sum); }}
Output :The sum of 1 to 10 is .. 55
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forSyntax:
for(initialization;final value;increment/decrement){ statements;}
Purpose: To evaluate the statements from initial value to final value with given increment/decrement.
for(m=1;m<=20;m=m+1){ System.out.println(m);}
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Exampleclass for1{ public static void main(String args[]) { int i; for (i=0;i<5;i++) { System.out.println("\nExample of for loop "); } }
Output :Example of for loop Example of for loop Example of for loop Example of for loop Example of for loop
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Jump StatementsJump
break
continue
return
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The break statement This statement is used to jump out of a loop. Break statement was previously used in switch – case statements. On encountering a break statement within a loop, the execution continues with the next
statement outside the loop. The remaining statements which are after the break and within the loop are skipped. Break statement can also be used with the label of a statement. A statement can be labeled as follows.
statementName : SomeJavaStatement
When we use break statement along with label as,
break statementName;
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Exampleclass break1{ public static void main(String args[]) { int i = 1; while (i<=10) { System.out.println("\n" + i); i++; if (i==5) { break; } } }}
Output :1234
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continue Statement This statement is used only within looping statements.
When the continue statement is encountered, the next iteration starts.
The remaining statements in the loop are skipped. The execution starts from the
top of loop again.
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Exampleclass continue1{ public static void main(String args[]) { for (int i=1; i<1=0; i++) { if (i%2 == 0) continue; System.out.println("\n" + i); } }}
Output :13579
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The return Statement The last control statement is return. The return statement is used to
explicitly return from a method.
That is, it causes program control to transfer back to the caller of the
method.
The return statement immediately terminates the method in which it is
executed.
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Exampleclass Return1 { public static void main(String args[]) { boolean t = true; System.out.println("Before the return."); if(t) return; // return to caller System.out.println("This won't execute."); }}
Output :Before the return.
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Thank You