control systems question papers

7/28/2019 Control systems question papers

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Code No: C9912/RR RR

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Apr/May 2012DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

( Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technologyand Computer Science & Systems Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80Answer any FIVE Questions

All Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) Explain the drawbacks of traditional file processing systems with examples.

(b) Explain the three levels of data abstraction. [7+9]

2. (a) what are the various salient features of the QBE ? [7]

(b) Explain the following :

i. Relational database query.

ii. Query language

iii. SQL

iv. Embedded SQL. [2+2+2+3]

3. (a) What are the differences between static and dynamic files.

(b) Discuss the techniques for allocating file blocks on disk. [8+8]4. (a) Consider the following SQL query for a bank database

SelectT.branch name

F rombranchT, branchS

whereT.Assets S.assetsandS.branch city = HY DERABAD

Write an efficient relational algebra expression that is equivalent to the query.

(b) Define query optimization and at what point during query processing doesoptimization occur? [8+8]

5. (a) Discuss the reasons for converting SQL queries into relational algebra queries

before optimization is done.

(b) What is meant by query execution plan? Explain its significance. [10+6]

6. (a) What is an E ? R model ? Explain with examples?

(b) Let R = (A,B,C,D,E) and let M be the following set of multivalued depen-dencies

A BC

B D

E AD

List the nontrivial dependencies in M+

[6+10]7. In a Multiprogramming environment how the consistency of the database is main-

tained by using concurrency control? Explain [16]

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8. (a) When a system recovers from a crash ? In what order must transaction beUndone and Redone? Why is this order important?

(b) What is a log in the content of DBMS? How does check pointing eliminatesome of the problems associated with log based recovery? [8+8]

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II B.Tech II Semester, Regular Examinations, April/May 2012

AUTOMATA THEORY AND COMPILER DESIGN(Information Technology)

Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry Equal Marks

~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~

1. a) Design a DFA that accepts the language over = {0, 1} of all strings that contain neither thesub-string 00 nor the sub-string 11.

b) When are two regular expressions said to be equivalent? Find the regular expression for the

following finite automaton: (7M+8M)

2. a) Construct a context free grammar for possible sequences of elseif in C and find themoves of the grammar to derive the elseif sequence of the string: i i e i e

b) Find the entries: M[S, i] and M[R, $] of the predictive parse table, M of the following

grammar:

iF

SRFRS

(7M+8M)

3. a) What is meant by a parser generator? How are ambiguities resolved in YACC?Explain.b) Consider the following augmented grammar:

( ) aAA

AA

'

Construct the LR (0) parser and find the moves made by the LR(0) parser on the input string:

((a)) (7M+8M)

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4. a) Design an abstract syntax tree for the expression: a = (a[i+1] = 2) + a[j]b) Let synthesized attribute, Val give the value of the binary number generated by S in the

following grammar. For example, on input 101.101, S.Val = 5.625.

S LL L

L LB B

B 0 1

Write synthesized attribute values corresponding to each of the productions to determine the

S.Val (7M+8M)

5. a) What is type checking? How does it work? Compare static and dynamic type checkingtechniques with suitable examples.

b) What is a Polymorphic function? Give an example.

c) Compare context sensitive and context free languages with suitable examples (7M+4M+4M)

6. a) What is a display? Describe its need with an example.b) Consider the following C declaration:

struct

{

short s1[5]; long l; union { short s2; float y; long z; }u;

}t;

Assume that the objects of the type short, float, and long occupy 2 bytes, 4 bytes, and 8 bytes,

respectively. Find the storage requirement for variablet, ignoring alignment considerations.

c) An array A is declared in FORTRAN as: DIMENSION (8, 10). The implementation uses a

column-major strategy and the array begins at 100. If each element of A occupies 4 bytes, atwhat byte does element A (4, 7)? (5M+5M+5M)

7. a) Explain data flow analysis of structured programs with suitable examples.b) What is a code optimization? Explain, in detail, about local optimization, loop optimization

and peephole optimization with suitable examples. (7M+8M)

8. a) Describe, in detail, about the issues in the design of code generator.b) Write the code generation algorithm. Test the algorithm for the following expression:

W = (A - B) + (A - C) + (A - C) + (A - C) (7M+8M)

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1. a) Show that the simplified regular expression recognized by the following DFA is the set ofall strings ofas and bs that end with letter a.

b) Show that the following regular expression identities are equivalent:

i) r+ = r* r+ ii) (r + s) * = (r + s*) * (7M+8M)

2. a) Construct a context free grammar for generating the balanced parentheses, like ( ),[ ], [( ) ( ) ], ( [ ] ), etc. and find the moves of the grammar to derive the string: ( [ ( ) ] ( ) )

b) Find the entries: M[S, i] and M[R, $] of the predictive parse table, M of the following

grammar:

iF

SR

FRS

(7M+8M)

3. a) Consider the grammar: S (S) aConstruct the DFA for SLR(1), CLR(1), and LALR(1) parsers

b) Find the number of states in each of the parser. (7M+8M)

4. a) Compare Inherited attributes and Synthesized attributes with an example.b) Construct Quadruples, Triples, and Indirect Triples of the following expression by assuming

the usual rules of precedence for the operators: (a + b) > (c + d) OR a > c AND b < d(7M+8M)

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5. a) What is type checking? How does it work? Compare static and dynamic type checkingtechniques with suitable examples.

b) What is a Polymorphic function? Give an example.

c) Compare context sensitive and context free languages with suitable examples.

(7M+4M+4M)

6. a) Explain, in detail, the storage allocation for strings, arrays and records.b) Consider the array declaration in c: float a[100][100]; Assume that the main memory is

byte addressable and that the array is stored starting from the memory address 100. What is the

address of a[40][50]?

c) What is a display? Describe its need with an example. (7M+4M+4M)

7. a) What is a code optimization? Explain a machine dependent and machine independent codeoptimization with suitable examples.b) Explain data flow analysis of structured programs with suitable examples. (8M+7M)

8. a) How registers are allocated and assigned in order to generate good code? Explain with anexample.

b) What is a basic block? Construct a DAG for the following basic block: (8M+7M)

t1 = t2 * t3;

t2 = t6 + t4;

t3 = t4 - e;

t4 = t5 * t8;

t5 = t6 - c;t6 = a + b;

t8 = d + e;

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~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~

1. a) Construct a DFA equivalent to the following NFA diagram:

b) Prove the following regular expression identities: (7M+8M)

i) + 1* (011)* (1* (011)* )* = (1 + 011)*

ii) 1 + ( + 0)( + 0)* 1 = 0* 1

2. a) Write a context free grammar for the while statement in C language.b) Build an LL(1) parse table for the following production grammar: (7M+8M)

Program begin d semi X end

X

d semi Xs Y

Y semi s Y

3. a) What are Kernel and Non-kernel items?Obtain the Kernel items of the LR(0)parser for thegrammar:

A A

A a Ab

b) Explain how to parse an ambiguous grammar. How are ambiguities resolved in YACC?

(7M+8M)

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4. a) What is an attribute grammar?Give an example.b) Translate the executable statements of the following C program into a three-address code

by assuming each element of an array a takes 4 bytes. (5M+10M)

void main()

{

int i = 1, a[10];

while (i++


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~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~

1. a) Find the regular expression for the following finite automaton:

b) Design a DFA that accepts the language over the alphabet, = {0, 1, 2} where the

decimal equivalent of the language is notdivisible by 3. (7M+8M)

2. a) Give the context free grammar that generates the set {0n1n n 1}b) Build an LL(1) parse table for the following production grammar:

Program begin d semi X end

X d semi X s Y

Y semi s Y (7M+8M)

3. Consider the following augmented grammar:S A

A BA

B aB b

a) Construct the LR(1) parser.

b) Find the moves made by the LR(1) parser on the input string: a a b b (8M+7M)

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4. Consider the following syntax directed definition:E E1 # T {E.val := E1.val * T.val}

E T {E.val := T.val}

T T1 & F {T.val := T1.val * F.val}

T F {T.val := F.val}

F num {F.val := num.Lexval}

a) Draw an annotated parse tree for an expression: a # b & c # d & e

b) Compute the E.val for root of an annotated parse tree of the following expression:

2 # 3 & 5 # 6 & 4 (7M+8M)

5. a) What is a type expression? Explain the equivalence of type expressions with an example.b) Explain the chomskys hierarchical theorem.

c) Compare polymorphic and overloading of functions with an example. (7M+4M+4M)

6. a) What is an activation record? Explain its components with an example.b) What is a dangling reference problem in storage allocation? Write the C functions which

likely to cause dangling reference problem. (7M+8M)

7. a) What is dataflow analysis? Explain about various dataflow analyzers.b) Explain, in detail, about peephole optimization with suitable examples. (8M+7M)

8. a) What are various object code forms? Explain.b) What is a register allocation and assignment? Give an example.

c) Write the code generation algorithm. Test the algorithm for the following expression:

W = (A - B) * (A - C - B) + (A B - C) (5M+5M+5M)

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FORMAL LANGUAGES AND AUTOMATA THEORY(Computer Science and Engineering)


Answer any FIVE Questions

All Questions carry Equal Marks

~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~

1. a) Explain NFA. Construct NFA for accepting the set of all strings with either two consecutive0s or two consecutive 1s.

b) What is a relation? Explain properties of a relation?

c) What is a language? Explain different operations on languages? (7M+5M+3M)

2. a) State Myhill-Nerode theorem.b) Explain equivalence between two DFAs with an example.

c) Find an equivalent NFA without -transitions for NFA with -transitions (3M+5M+7M)

3. a) Construct finite automaton to accept the regular expression (0+1)*(00+11)(0+1)*.b) Construct NFA with -moves for regular expression (0+1)*.

c) State and explain Ardens theorem. (7M+5M+3M)

4. Let G be the grammar S0B|1A, A0|0S|1AA, B1|1S|0BB. For the string 00110101, findi) Leftmost derivation

ii) Rightmost derivation

iii) Derivation tree

iv) Sentential form. (15M)

5. a) Discuss ambiguity, left recursion and factoring in context free grammars. Explain how toeliminate each one.

b) Discuss closure and decision properties of context free languages. (8M+7M)

6. Explain equivalence of CFG and PDA. (15M)7. a) Explain the properties of recursive enumerable languages.

b) Explain counter machine in detail. (8M+7M)

8. Define P and NP problems. Also write notes on NP-complete and NP-hard problems. (15M)

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~~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~

1. a) Explain principle of mathematical induction.Prove that 1

2+2

2+3

2+.+n

2=n(n+1)(2n+1)/6 by using mathematical induction.

b) Explain DFA. Construct DFA accepting the set of all strings with an even no. of as and

even no. of bs over an alphabet {a,b}. (7M+8M)

2. a) Prove with the help of algorithm that Every NFA will have an equivalent DFA.b) Show that the following finite automata are equivalent: (8M+7M)

3. a) Explain equivalence of NFA and regular expression.b) Design FA for regular expression 10+(0+11)0*1. (9M+6M)

4. a) Obtain a regular grammar for the following finite automata

b) What is the language of a grammar? Explain different types of grammars. (6M+9M)

5. What is GNF. Explain in detail. Convert the following grammar to GNF:a) A1A1A3 b) A2 A3A1|b c) A3 A1A2|a. (15M)

6. a) Explain acceptance of language by PDA.b) Design a PDA that accepts the language L={w/w has equal no. of as and bs} over an

alphabet {a,b}. (7M+8M)

7. a) How a Turing machine accepts a language? Compare Turing machine and push downautomata.

b) Define Turing machine. Explain the significance of movements of R/W head. (8M+7M)

8. a) Explain universal Turing machine.b) Write about decidability of PCP.

c) Define P and NP problems. (6M+5M+4M)

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~~~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~

1. a) Explain DFA and NFA with an example.b) Define set, relation, graph and tree with examples. (8M+7M)

2. Define NFA mathematically. Explain its significance and function. Convert the given finiteautomaton into its DFG. Explain method used. Take suitable example and prove both accept

the same string. (15M)

3. a) Define regular sets and regular expressions. Explain applications of regular expressions.b) Explain pumping lemma for regular sets. (8M+7M)

4. a) Define the following and give examples:i) Context Free Grammar ii) Derivation tree

iii) Sentential form iv) Leftmost and rightmost derivation of strings.

b) Obtain a right linear grammar for the language L={anb

m/n>=2,m>=3}. (8M+7M)

5. a) Reduce the grammar S aAa, A SB|bcc|DaA, C abb|DD, E ac, D aDA.b) What is left recursion? How to eliminate it. (8M+7M)

6. a) Explain the terms: PDA and CFL.b) Explain equivalence of acceptance by final state and empty stack. (8M+7M)

7. a) Explain Churchs hypothesis.b) Explain counter machine in detail. (8M+7M)

8. a) Explain different decision problems of DCFL and Turing machine halting problem.b) Explain universal Turing machine. (8M+7M)

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~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~

1. a)Design DFA for accepting set of all strings havingi) odd no. of as and odd no. of bs

ii) even no. of as and even no. of bs over an alphabet {a,b}.

b) Define set, relation, graph and tree with examples. (8M+7M)

2. a) Construct a minimum state automaton equivalent to a given automaton M whose transitiontable is

b) Discuss finite automata with outputs in detail. (9M+6M)

3. a) Draw NFA with -moves recognizing regular expression 01*0+0(01+10)*11 over {0, 1}.b) Construct regular expression for the given DFA

(8M+7M)

4. a) Explain Chomsky classification of languages.b) Construct RLG and LLG for the regular expression (0+1)*00(0+1)*. (8M+7M)

5. a) Convert the following grammar to GNF:-i) A1A1A3 ii) A2 A3A1|b iii) A3 A1A2|a.

b) Explain the concept of ambiguity in context free grammars. How to eliminate it. (9M+6M)

6. a) Convert the following Context Free Grammar to Push down Automatai) SaA|bB ii) AaB|a iii) Bb. Verify the string aab is accepted by equivalent PDA.b) Explain instantaneous description for PDA. (10M+5M)

7. a) Define Turing machine. Explain the significance of movements of R/W head.b) Design a Turing machine to recognize the language L= {a

nb

n/n>=1}. (6M+9M)

8. a) Write about LR(0) grammars.b) Explain halting problem of a Turing machine. (8M+7M)

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CONTROL SYSTEMS(Com. to EEE, ECE, EIE, ECC, AE)



~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~

1. a) Write the differential equations governing the mechanical system shown below fig. 1.1 anddetermine the transfer function Y1(s)/F(s).

b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of closed loop control systems

2. a) Explain the working principle of AC servomotor.b) Find the overall gain C(S)/R(S) for the block diagram shown below fig.2.1.

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Fig. 1.1

Fig. 2.1


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3. a) The open-loop transfer function of a negative unity feedback control system is)10(

)(+

=

ss

KsG

Find the range of K for which the peak overshoot is less than 12 %. For K = 64, obtain rise

time, percentage overshoot, peak time and settling time when subjected to unit step input.b) Show that a derivative feedback has the effect of increasing the damping ratio without

affecting the undamped natural frequency of oscillations.

4. a) By means of Routh criterion, determine the stability of the system represented by thecharacteristic equation s

4+ s

3+ 2s

2+ 2s + 5 = 0. Comment on the location of the roots of the

characteristic equation.

b) The characteristic equation of a second order feedback control system is

s2

+ 7s + (K +12) = 0. Show that there exists a break-away point on the real axis for the root

locus of the system. Find the break-away point, the value of K at this point, the open-loop

poles and the closed loop poles.

5. Draw the log-magnitude plot and phase plot for a system with open-loop transfer function2)20)(10(

12650)()(

++

=

SS

sHsG

And obtain the gain margin and phase margin of the closed-loop system.

6. The open loop transfer function of a negative feedback control system is given by)3)(2)(1()()( +++= SSS

K

sHsG

Using Nyquist stability criterion, find the range of values of K for which the system remains

stable.

7. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is)2(

)(+

=

ss

KsG

Design a lead compensator to have a velocity-error constant of 20 s-1

and a phase margin of

atleast 500.

8. a) Obtain the state space representation of an armature controlled dc motor.b) The state equation of a linear system is given by ][

0

1][

40

21][ uxx

+

=

Obtain the state transition matrix.

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~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~

1. a) Discuss about the reduction in effect of parameter variations by use of feedback.b) For the mechanical system shown below fig.1.2 find the transfer function X(S)/F(S).

2. a) For the signal flow graph shown below fig.2.2 using Masons gain formula obtain C(s)/R(s).

b) With the help of a schematic explain the operation of synchro transmitter.

3. a) A unity feedback system has an open loop transfer function)2(

10)(

+

=

sssG . Determine the

rise time, percentage overshoot, peak time and settling time for a unit step input.

b) Determine the position, velocity and acceleration error constants for a unity feedback control

system whose open loop transfer function is given by

)10)(4()(

++

=

sss

ksG For k = 200, determine the steady state error for a unit ramp input.

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Fig. 1.2

Fig. 2.2


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4. a) Determine the range of K for which the unity negative feedback system whose open looptransfer function

)4)(12()(

+++

=

ssss

KsG is stable.

Also determine the critical value of gain for which the system has sustained oscillations.

b) Consider a negative feedback system with)2)(1(

)()(++

=

sss

KsHsG

Sketch the root locus.

5. Sketch the bode plot for a system with unity feedback having the transfer function,)10)(5()2(

)1(1000)(

+++

+=

ssss

ssG and assess its closed-loop stability.

6. The open loop transfer function of a negative feedback system is)11)(2(

)1()()(

2++

+=

sss

sKsHsG Using Nyquist stability criteria, determine the range of K for

which closed loop system is stable.

7. Design a compensating network for)01.01()2.01(

)(sss

KsG

++

=

So that its phase margin at

least will be 400

and the steady state error will be in the final position will not exceed 2 % of

the final velocity.

8. a) Given the state equation AXX. = , where

=

200

130

013

A . Determine the state

transition matrix.

b) Discuss about the properties of state transition matrix.

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CONTROL SYSTEMS

(Com. to EEE, ECE, EIE, ECC, AE)



~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~

1. a) For the mechanical system shown below fig.1.3 find the transfer function X(S)/F(S).

b) Discuss the merits and demerits of closed loop control systems.

2. a) Determine the transfer function C(S)/R(S) of the system shown below fig. 2.3 by blockdiagram reduction method.

b) Obtain the transfer function of armature voltage controlled DC Servo motor.

3. a) Derive the expressions for peak time and settling time of standard 2nd order system whensubjected to a unit step input.

b) The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is ( ) ( ).

22

50

+

=

sssG If the input

is r(t) = t2+5t+3, find the steady-state error.

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Fig. 1.3

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4. a) For a unity feedback system with ( )( )

.36102 ++

=

SSS

KSG Find the range of K for which

the system is stable. Also, determine the value of K for which the system response is

oscillatory and the value of frequency of oscillations at this value of K.

b) Discuss the effect of adding poles and zeros to G(s)H(s) on the root locus of the closed loop

system.

5. The open loop transfer function, ( ) ( ) ( )( )

.10

12002

+

+=

SS

SSHSG Find the zero-dB frequency and

phase angle at this frequency. What is the phase margin? Comment on the stability of the

system.

6. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is ( ) ( )( )( )

.211

412

SSS

SSG

++

+=

i) Using Nyquist criterion, determine whether the closed loop system is stable, or not.

ii) Does the polar plot of the open loop transfer function cross the real axis? If so find the

frequency at which it crosses?

7. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is ( )( )

.2

4

+

=

SSSG Design a lead

compensator for the system so that the static velocity error constant kv = 20 sec-1

, the phase

margin is at least 500, and the gain margin is at least 10 dB.

8. a) The state equation of a linear-time invariant system is given asuXX

+

=

1

1

21

50 and y = [1 1]x.

Determine state transition matrix.

b) Write short notes on controllability and observability.

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~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~

1. a) Discuss the effect of feedback on bandwidth and disturbance signals in closed loop systems.b) Distinguish between open loop and closed loop systems. Give practical examples for both.

2. a) For the signal flow graph shown below fig.1.4, find the overall gain

b) Obtain the transfer function of a field controlled DC Servo motor.

3. a) The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is ( )( )

.15+

=

SS

KSG If K = 225,

what change must be made in the system to reduce the peak overshoot by 50 %, keeping the

settling time the same. Also, find the new transfer function.

b) Measurements conducted on a servomechanism show the system response to be

( ) tt eetc 1060 4.24.02 += when subjected to step input of size 2. Determine the undamped

natural frequency and damping ratio.

4. a) The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given by( )

( ) ( )( ).

25642 2 ++++=

SSSS

KSG by applying Routh criterion, discuss the stability of the

closed loop system as a function of K.b) Sketch the root locus of the control system whose forward path transfer function is

( )( )

.2562 ++

=

SSS

KSG

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Fig. 1.4


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5. a) Obtain the expression for resonant frequency and resonant peak for a standard second ordersystem.

b) What is gain margin and phase margin? How stability analysis can be done using Bodeplots?

6. a) Investigate the stability of a closed loop system with the following open-loop transferfunction:

( ) ( )( )( )

.1

3

+=

SS

SKSHSG for k>1.

b) Draw the polar plot for the following transfer function ( )( )

( ) ( ).

31

210

++

+=

SSS

SSG

7. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is ( )( ) ( )

.15.01

1

++

=

SSSSG

Design a lag compensator for the system so that the static velocity error constant kv = 5 sec-1

,

the phase margin is at least 400, and the gain margin is at least 10 dB.

8. A state model of a system is given as,uXX

+

=

2

0

0

411

220

120

and Y= [1 0 0]X.

Determinei) The Eigen values

ii) The state transition matrix

iii) The transfer function Y(S)/R(S).

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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS - I

(Civil Engineering)




~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~

1. A cantilever beam AB of length 6m is fixed at A and propped at end B. It carries a point load25kN at 3m from fixed end. Level of the prop is the same as that of the fixed end. Determine

i) Reaction at the prop. ii) Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams.

2. A fixed beam of 5m span is loaded with point loads of 100 kN at a distance 1.5m from eachsupport. Draw the bending moment and shear force diagrams. Find also the maximum

deflection I xx = 8108mm

4and E= 210

8kN/m

2

3. For the continuous beam ABCD shown in fig.3.1 find moments at support and reactions atsupport. Draw SF and BM diagrams

4. a) Derive the general relation between slope and deflection.b) Discuss the effect of settlement of supports on bending moment and explain procedure for

calculation of bending moment and shear force of a beam with settlement of supports.

5. a) Explain Macaulays method for determination of slope and deflectionb) A beam AB of length L simply supported at the ends carries a point load W at a distance a

from the left end. Find i) The deflection under the load. ii) The maximum deflection.

6. A Uniform distributed load of 5 kN per meter run, 7.5m long crosses a girder of 15m span.Construct the maximum shear force and bending moment diagrams and calculate the values at

sections 3m, 6m, 9m from left hand support.

7. Two wheel loads of 10kN and 7.5kN at a fixed distance apart of 2m cross a beam of 10m span.Draw influence line for bending moment and shear force for a point 3m from left end. And find

maximum bending moment and shear force at that point.

8. Write short notes oni) Castiglianos first theorem

ii) Static indeterminacy

iii) Influence lines for forces in Warren truss

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Fig. 3.1


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Code No: R22016


STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS - I(Civil Engineering)




~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~



2. A fixed beam of 6m span is loaded with a point load of 50 kN at a distance 2m from left and45kN at a distance 1.5m from right end support. Draw the bending moment and shear force

diagrams. Find also the maximum deflection I xx = 8108mm

4and E= 210

8kN/m

2


4. a) State assumptions made in slope deflection method.b) Evaluate the bending moment and shear force diagrams of beam in fig.4.2 by slope

deflection method.

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Fig. 3.2

Fig. 4.2


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Code No: R22016

5. Determine the vertical deflection at the free end and rotation at A in the overhanging beamshown in fig.5.2. Assume EI Constant. Use Castiglianos theorem.

6. Two point loads 4kN and 6kN spaced at 4m apart cross a girder of 15m span, the 4kN loadleading from left to right. Construct the maximum shear force and bending moment diagram

stating absolute maximum values.

7. A beam AB of length 4.5m simply supported at the ends carries a point load 30 kN at adistance 2.5m from the left end. I xx = 55 10

-6m

4and E= 200GN/m

2Find i) The deflection

under the load. ii) The position and amount of maximum deflection.

8. Write short notes ona) Propped cantilevers

b) External and internal indeterminacies

c) Influence lines for UDL longer than span

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Fig. 5.2


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Code No: R22016



(Civil Engineering)




~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~

1. A cantilever beam AB of length 6m is fixed at A and propped at end B. It carries a point load45kN at mid span. Level of the prop is the same as that of the fixed end. Determine i) Reaction

at the prop. ii) Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams.

2. A fixed beam of 6m span is loaded with point loads of 120 kN at a distance 2m from eachsupport. Draw the bending moment and shear force diagrams. Find also the maximum

deflection I xx = 7.5108mm

4and E= 210

8kN/m

2

3. A continuous beam is built in at A and it is carried over rollers at B and C with spans of ABand BC being 8m. The beam carries a uniformly distributed load of 25KN/m over AB and apoint load of 75KN over BC 2.5m from the support B. Values of E and I are 2 10

5N/mm

2

and 2 109mm

4. Calculate the support moments and draw bending moment diagram giving

critical values.

4. a) Derive the general relation between slope and deflectionb) Derive expression for slope and deflection of a cantilever beam of length L carrying a

concentrated load W at free end. Use Double Integration method



6. A Uniform distributed load of 3kN per meter run, 6m long crosses a girder of 15m span.Construct the maximum shear force and bending moment diagrams and calculate the values at




8. Write short notes ona) Effect of sinking of support of Continuous beams

b) Kinematic indeterminacy

c) Influence lines for forces in Pratt truss

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Code No: R22016



(Civil Engineering)




~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~

1. A cantilever beam AB of length L is fixed at A and propped at a distance a from fixed end. Itcarries a point load 2W at free end. Level of the prop is the same as that of the fixed end.

Determine i) Reaction at the prop. ii) Show that there is always a real point of inflection.

2. Analyze the fixed beam shown in fig.2.4


4. Evaluate the bending moment and shear force diagrams of beam in fig.4.4 by slope deflectionmethod. Middle support sinks by 3mm. Values of E and I are 2 10

5N/mm

2and 2 10

9mm

4

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Fig. 2.4

Fig. 3.4

Fig. 4.4


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5. Determine the vertical deflection at the free end and rotation at A in the overhanging beamshown in fig.5.4. Assume EI Constant. Use Castiglianos theorem.

6. Two point loads 5kN and 10kN spaced at 2.5m apart cross a girder of 15m span, the 5kN loadlading from left to right. Construct the maximum shear force and bending moment diagram

stating absolute maximum values

7. Two wheel loads of 4kN and 6kN at a fixed distance apart of 3m cross a beam of 10m span.Draw influence line for bending moment and shear force for a point 4m and 6m from left end.

And find maximum bending moment and shear force at that point.

8. Write short notes ona) Static Indeterminacy

b) Advantages of Influence lines

c) Castiglianos theorems

2 of 2

A

3 KN

6m

1m

2m

B C

3 KN

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Fig. 5.4


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Code No: V0223

II B.Tech II Semester, Supplementary Examinations, April/May 2012

CONTROL SYSTEMS(Com. to EEE, ECE, ECC)



~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+

1. a) Write the differential equations governing the mechanical system shown below anddetermine the transfer function Y1(s)/F(s).

b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of closed loop control systems

2. a) Explain the working principle of AC servomotor.b) Find the overall gain C(S)/R(S) for the block diagram shown below.

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Code No: V0223

3. a) The open-loop transfer function of a negative unity feedback control system is)10(

)(+

=

ss

KsG

Find the range of K for which the peak overshoot is less than 12 %. For K = 64, obtain rise

time, percentage overshoot, peak time and settling time when subjected to unit step input.b) Show that a derivative feedback has the effect of increasing the damping ratio without

affecting the undamped natural frequency of oscillations.

4. a) By means of Routh criterion, determine the stability of the system represented by thecharacteristic equation s

4+ s

3+ 2s

2+ 2s + 5 = 0. Comment on the location of the roots of the

characteristic equation.

b) The characteristic equation of a second order feedback control system is s2

+ 7s + (K +12) =

0. Show that there exists a break-away point on the real axis for the root locus of the system.

Find the break-away point, the value of K at this point, the open-loop poles and the closed loop

poles.

5. Draw the log-magnitude plot and phase plot for a system with open-loop transfer function2

)20)(10(

12650)()(

++

=

SSsHsG

and obtain the gain margin and phase margin of the closed-loop system.

6. The open loop transfer function of a negative feedback control system is given by)3)(2)(1(

)()(

+++

=

SSS

KsHsG

Using Nyquist stability criterion, find the range of values of K for which the system remains

stable.

7. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is)2(

)(+

=

ss

KsG

Design a lead compensator to have a velocity-error constant of 20 s-1

and a phase margin of

atleast 500.

8. a) Obtain the state space representation of an armature controlled dc motor.b) The state equation of a linear system is given by ][

0

1][

40

21][ uxx

+

=

Obtain the state transition matrix.

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Code No: V0223





~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+

1. a) Discuss about the reduction in effect of parameter variations by use of feedback.b) For the mechanical system shown below find the transfer function X(S)/F(S).

2. a) For the signal flow graph shown below using Masons gain formula obtain C(s)/R(s).

b) With the help of a schematic explain the operation of synchro transmitter.

3. a) A unity feedback system has an open loop transfer function)2(

10)(

+

=

sssG . Determine the rise

time, percentage overshoot, peak time and settling time for a unit step input.

b) Determine the position, velocity and acceleration error constants for a unity feedback control

system whose open loop transfer function is given by

)10)(4()( ++= sss

k

sG

For k = 200, determine the steady state error for a unit ramp input.

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4. a) Determine the range of K for which the unity negative feedback system whose open looptransfer function

)4)(1()(

2+++

=

ssss

ksG is stable.

Also determine the critical value of gain for which the system has sustained oscillations.

b) Consider a negative feedback system with)2)(1(

)()(++

=

sss

ksHsG

Sketch the root locus.

5. Sketch the bode plot for a system with unity feedback having the transfer function,)10)(5()2(

)1(1000)(

+++

+=

SSSS

SsG

and assess its closed-loop stability.

6. The open loop transfer function of a negative feedback system is)11)(2(

)1()()(

2++

+=

sss

sKsHsG

Using Nyquist stability criteria, determine the range of K for which closed loop system is

stable.

7. Design a compensating network for)01.01()2.01(

)(sss

KsG

++

=

So that its phase margin at least will be 400

and the steady state error will be in the final

position will not exceed 2 % of the final velocity.

8. a) Given the state equation AXX. = , where

=

200

130

013

A . Determine the state

transition matrix.

b) Discuss about the properties of state transition matrix.

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Code No: V0223





~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+

1. a) For the mechanical system shown below find the transfer function X(S)/F(S).

b) Discuss the merits and demerits of closed loop control systems.

2. a) Determine the transfer function C(S)/R(S) of the system shown below by block diagramreduction method.

b) Obtain the transfer function of armature voltage controlled DC Servo motor.

3. a) Derive the expressions for peak time and settling time of standard 2nd order system whensubjected to a unit step input.

b) The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is ( )( )

.2

502

+

=

SSSG If the input

is r(t) = t2+5t+3, find the steady-state error.

4. a) For a unity feedback system with ( )( )

.36102 ++

=

SSS

KSG Find the range of K for which

the system is stable. Also, determine the value of K for which the system response is

oscillatory and the value of frequency of oscillations at this value of K.

b) Discuss the effect of adding poles and zeros to G(s)H(s) on the root locus of the closed loop

system.

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Code No: V0223

5. The open loop transfer function, ( ) ( ) ( )( )

.10

12002

+

+=

SS

SSHSG Find the zero-dB frequency and

phase angle at this frequency. What is the phase margin? Comment on the stability of the

system.

6. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is ( ) ( )( )( )

.211

412

SSS

SSG

++

+=

Using Nyquist criterion, determine whether the closed loop system is stable, or not.

Does the polar plot of the open loop transfer function cross the real axis? If so find the

frequency at which it crosses?

7. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is ( )( )

.2

4

+

=

SSSG Design a lead

compensator for the system so that the static velocity error constant kv = 20 sec-1

, the phase

margin is at least 500, and the gain margin is at least 10 dB.

8. a) The state equation of a linear-time invariant system is given asuXX

+

=

1

1

21

50 and y = [1 1]x.

Determine state transition matrix.

b) Write short notes on controllability and observability.

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Code No: V0223





~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+

1. a) Discuss the effect of feedback on bandwidth and disturbance signals in closed loop systems.b) Distinguish between open loop and closed loop systems. Give practical examples for both.

2. a) For the signal flow graph shown below, find the overall gain

b) Obtain the transfer function of a field controlled DC Servo motor.

3. a) The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is ( )( )

.15+

=

SS

KSG If K = 225,

what change must be made in the system to reduce the peak overshoot by 50 %, keeping thesettling time the same. Also, find the new transfer function.

b) Measurements conducted on a servomechanism show the system response to be

( ) tt eetc 1060 4.24.02 += when subjected to step input of size 2. Determine the undamped

natural frequency and damping ratio.

4. a) The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback control system is given by( )

( ) ( )( ).

256422

++++

=

SSSS

KSG by applying Routh criterion, discuss the stability of the

closed loop system as a function of K.

b) Sketch the root locus of the control system whose forward path transfer function is

( )( )

.2562 ++

=

SSS

KSG

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5. a) Obtain the expression for resonant frequency and resonant peak for a standard second ordersystem.

b) What is gain margin and phase margin? How stability analysis can be done using bodeplots?

6. a) Investigate the stability of a closed loop system with the following open-loop transferfunction:

( ) ( )( )( )

.1

3

+=

SS

SKSHSG for k>1.

b) Draw the polar plot for the following transfer function ( )( )

( ) ( ).

31

210

++

+=

SSS

SSG

7. The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is ( )( ) ( )

.15.01

1

++

=

SSSSG

Design a lag compensator for the system so that the static velocity error constant

kv = 5 sec-1

, the phase margin is at least 400, and the gain margin is at least 10 dB.

8. A state model of a system is given as,uXX

+

=

2

0

0

411

220

120

and Y= [1 0 0]X.

Determinei) The Eigen values

ii) The state transition matrix

iii) The transfer function Y(S)/R(S).

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Code No: T0521


PRINCIPLES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES(Computer science and Engineering)

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80



**************+

1. Explain in detail about various language implementation methods. (16M)2. a) What is BNF? What is its importance in describing the syntax of Programming

languages?

b) Describe the rules for if statement in ADA. (16M)

3. a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of dynamic type binding?b) Explain about associative arrays. (8M+8M)

4. a) What is a short-circuit evaluation?b) Define functional side effect. How does operand evaluation order interact with functional

side effects?

c) What are the design issues for selection structures? (16M)

5. a) Explain Type checking techniques in parameter passing.b) Write about Co routines. (8M+8M)

6. a) What is a friend function? What are the advantages of it?b) Discuss about Binary Semaphores. (8M+8M)

7. a) Explain Exception handling in Adab) Discuss about basic elements of Prolog. Give examples. (8M+8M)

8. a) Explain the main features of Imperative Languages.b) Write a LISP function Fib(n) that computes n

th

Fibonacci number. (8M+8M)

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Code No: T0521






**************+

1. a) What are the factors influencing Readability of a Language? Explain.b) Briefly discuss a few of the areas of computer applications and their associated

Languages. (8M+8M)

2. a) Give BNF and EBNF versions of an expression grammar.b) Explain about attribute grammars in detail. (8M+8M)

3. a) Discuss about various programming domains and their associated languages.b) Give some reasons why computer scientists and professional software developers should

study general concepts of language design and evaluation. (16M)

4. a) Explain in detail Relational expressions, Boolean expressions and Short circuitevaluation.

b) What are guarded commands? Explain. (8M+8M)

5. a) Explain how Multidimensional arrays are passed as parameters.b) Define Shallow and Deep binding for referencing environment of subprograms that have

been passed as parameters. (8M+8M)

6. a) What are the language design requirements for a language that supports abstract datatypes?

b) Explain in detail about monitors. (8M+8M)

7. a) Briefly explain Exception handling in Java with example.b) What are the applications of Logic Programming? (8M+8M)

8. a) Explain about LISP.b) Discuss about basic elements of Prolog. (8M+8M)

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Code No: T0521






**************+

1. a) How can knowledge of programming language characteristics benefit the wholecomputing community?

b) Explain the different aspects of the cost of a programming language. (8M+8M)

2. Define Attribute grammars. Give an Attribute grammar for simple assignment statements.How is the order of evaluation of attributes determined for the trees of your Attributegrammar? (16M)

3. a) Distinguish between name type compatibility and structure type compatibility.b) Define static, fixed stack-dynamic, stack-dynamic, fixed heap-dynamic and heap-

dynamic arrays. What are the advantages of each? (8M+8M)

4. a) Define narrowing and widening conversions.b) What is a mixed mode expression?

c) What are the design issues for logically controlled loop statements? (16M)

5. a) Explain Co routines in detail.b) What are the generic characteristics of sub program? (12M+4M)

6. a) What are the language design requirements for a language that supports Abstract datatypes?

b) Write about Semaphores, Monitors & Message passing. (8M+8M)

7. a) Explain basic concepts and design issues of Exception handling.b) Discuss how Exception handlers are helpful in C++ Exception handling. (8M+8M)

8. a) Discuss about Meta Language value declaration statements.b) Explain how Haskell differs from ML. (16M)

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Code No: T0521






**************+

1. a) Explain about the factors that influence the language design.b) Explain about the process of compilation. (8M+8M)

2. a) Describe the basic concepts of Denotational semantics.b) How do you express the associativity of operators in grammar? Explain with an

example. (8M+8M)

3. a) Define Lifetime, Scope, Static Scope & Dynamic Scope. What are the generalproblems with Static Scoping?

b) Discuss on implementation of pointer & reference types. (8M+8M)

4. a) Write about Type conversions.b) Explain in detail counter controlled loops. (8M+8M)

5. a) Explain the design issues and characteristics of subprograms.b) Explain actual parameters and positional parameters with examples. (16M)

6. a) Explain parameterized Abstract Data Types.b) Explain how message passing is implemented in ADA. (8M+8M)

7. a) Explain the basic concepts of exception handling? What are the design issues forexception handling systems?

b) Why were imperative features added to most dialects of LISP? (8M+8M)

8. a) What are the applications of Functional Languages?b) Explain how Haskell differs from ML. (8M+8M)

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Code No: T0124



(Civil Engineering)




*******+



2. A fixed beam of 5m span is loaded with point loads of 100 kN at a distance 1.5m from eachsupport. Draw the bending moment and shear force diagrams. Find also the maximum

deflection I xx = 8108mm

4and E= 210

8kN/m

2

3. For the continuous beam ABCD shown in figure find moments at support and reactions atsupport. Draw SF and BM diagrams

4. a) Derive the general relation between slope and deflection.b) Discuss the effect of settlement of supports on bending moment and explain procedure for

calculation of bending moment and shear force of a beam with settlement of supports.



6. A Uniform distributed load of 5 kN per meter run, 7.5m long crosses a girder of 15m span.Construct the maximum shear force and bending moment diagrams and calculate the values at




8. Write short notes oni) Castiglianos first theorem

ii) Static indeterminacy

iii) Influence lines for forces in Warren truss

1 of 1

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Code No: T0124



(Civil Engineering)




*******+



2. A fixed beam of 6m span is loaded with a point load of 50 kN at a distance 2m from left and45kN at a distance 1.5m from right end support. Draw the bending moment and shear forcediagrams. Find also the maximum deflection I xx = 810

8mm

4and E= 210

8kN/m

2


4. a) State assumptions made in slope deflection method.b) Evaluate the bending moment and shear force diagrams of beam in figure by slope

deflection method.

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Code No: T0124

5. Determine the vertical deflection at the free end and rotation at A in the overhanging beamshown in figure. Assume EI Constant. Use Castiglianos theorem.

6. Two point loads 4kN and 6kN spaced at 4m apart cross a girder of 15m span, the 4kN loadleading from left to right. Construct the maximum shear force and bending moment diagram

stating absolute maximum values.

7. A beam AB of length 4.5m simply supported at the ends carries a point load 30 kN at adistance 2.5m from the left end. I xx = 55 10

-6m

4and E= 200GN/m

2Find i) The deflection

under the load. ii) The position and amount of maximum deflection.

8. Write short notes ona) Propped cantilevers

b) External and internal indeterminacies

c) Influence lines for UDL longer than span

2 of 2

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Code No: T0124



(Civil Engineering)




*******+

1. A cantilever beam AB of length 6m is fixed at A and propped at end B. It carries a point load45kN at mid span. Level of the prop is the same as that of the fixed end. Determine i) Reaction

at the prop. ii) Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams.

2. A fixed beam of 6m span is loaded with point loads of 120 kN at a distance 2m from eachsupport. Draw the bending moment and shear force diagrams. Find also the maximum

deflection I xx = 7.5108mm

4and E= 210

8kN/m

2

3. A continuous beam is built in at A and it is carried over rollers at B and C with spans of ABand BC being 8m. The beam carries a uniformly distributed load of 25KN/m over AB and apoint load of 80KN over BC 2.5m from the support B. Values of E and I are 2 10

5N/mm

2

and 2 109mm

4. Calculate the support moments and draw bending moment diagram giving

critical values.

4. a) Derive the general relation between slope and deflectionb) Derive expression for slope and deflection of a cantilever beam of length L carrying a

concentrated load W at free end. Use Double Integration method



6. A Uniform distributed load of 3kN per meter run, 6m long crosses a girder of 15m span.Construct the maximum shear force and bending moment diagrams and calculate the values at




8. Write short notes ona) Effect of sinking of support of Continuous beams

b) Kinematic indeterminacy

c) Influence lines for forces in Pratt truss

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Code No: T0124



(Civil Engineering)




*******+

1. A cantilever beam AB of length L is fixed at A and propped at a distance a from fixed end. Itcarries a point load 2W at free end. Level of the prop is the same as that of the fixed end.

Determine i) Reaction at the prop. ii) Show that there is always a real point of inflection.

2. Analyze the fixed beam shown in figure.


4. Evaluate the bending moment and shear force diagrams of beam in figure by slope deflectionmethod. Middle support sinks by 3mm. Values of E and I are 2 10

5N/mm

2and 2 10

9mm

4

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Code No: T0124

5. Determine the vertical deflection at the free end and rotation at A in the overhanging beamshown in figure. Assume EI Constant. Use Castiglianos theorem.

6. Two point loads 5kN and 10kN spaced at 2.5m apart cross a girder of 15m span, the 5kN loadlading from left to right. Construct the maximum shear force and bending moment diagram

stating absolute maximum values

7. Two wheel loads of 4kN and 6kN at a fixed distance apart of 3m cross a beam of 10m span.Draw influence line for bending moment and shear force for a point 4m and 6m from left end.

And find maximum bending moment and shear force at that point.

8. Write short notes ona) Static Indeterminacy

b) Advantages of Influence lines

c) Castiglianos theorems

2 of 2

A

3 KN

6m

1m

2m

B C

3 KN

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Code No:T1221


OPERATING SYSTEMS(Information Technology)



**************+

1. a) Explain the functions of an Operating system.b) Explain in detail about Real-Time Embedded systems and Multimedia systems.

2. a) Explain the criteria for CPU scheduling algorithms.b) Explain First-Come First-Served and Round-Robin scheduling algorithms with an

example.

3. a) Explain the critical section problem.b) Explain the solution to The Dining-Philosophers problem using monitors.

4. a) Explain paging in detail. Also mention any four differences between paging andsegmentation.

b) Consider the following segment table:

Segment Base Length

0

1

2

3

4

219

2300

90

1327

1952

600

14

100

580

96

What are the physical addresses for the following logical addresses?i) 0, 430 ii) 1, 10 iii) 2, 500 iv) 3, 400 v) 4, 112

5. a) Explain methods that are used to recover from a deadlock.b) Mention the services that are provided by kernel related to I/O subsystem.

6. a) What is a file? Explain the attributes of a file and also mention the operations that can beperformed on files.

b) Give an overview of virtual file systems with a neat diagram.

7. a) Explain the problems with RAID structure.b) Explain how computers access disk storage using a remote host in a distributed file

system. What is the main drawback in this system (if any) and explain how storage-areanetwork overcome it.

8. a) Describe several methods of implementing the access matrix and then compare them.b) Explain system and network threats.

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**************+

1. a) Define an Operating system? What are the various services of Operating system andexplain them in detail.

b) Describe in detail about Distributed systems.

2. a) Explain the criteria for comparing CPU scheduling algorithms.b) Consider a system running ten I/O-bound tasks and one CPU-bound task. Assume that the

I/O-bound tasks issue an I/O operation once for every millisecond of CPU computing and

that each I/O operation takes 10milliseconds to complete. Also assume that the context-

switching overhead is 0.1millisecond and that all processes are long-running tasks. What isthe CPU utilization for a round-robin scheduler when:

i) The time quantum is 1 millisecond.

ii)The time quantum is 10 milliseconds.

3. a) Explain the Petersons solution to the critical section problem.b) What is serializability? Explain how locking protocol ensures serializability.

4. a) Explain the term swapping.b) Explain contiguous memory allocation in detail.

c) What is Beladys anomaly? Explain with an example.

5. a) Explain the safe state model for deadlocks. Also mention the necessary conditions fordeadlocks.

b) Explain the life cycle of an I/O request.

6. a) What is a file? Explain the file access methods.b) Explain in detail about various methods for implementation of a directory.

7. a) Explain how performance of RAIDs can be improved through parallelism. Also mentionthe two main goals of parallelism in a disk structure.

b) Describe stable storage implementation in detail.

8. a) How does the principle of least privilege aid in creation of protection systems?b) Explain user authentication techniques.

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**************+

1. a) What is an Operating system? Draw and explain the structure of Operating system indetail.

b) What is a system call? Explain major groups of system calls in detail.

2. a) Explain Shortest-Job-First and Priority scheduling algorithms.b) Explain on what circumstances does the CPU scheduling decisions takes place? Also

mention how we can differentiate whether a scheduling scheme is a preemptive or non-

preemptive.

3. a) What is serializability? Explain how timestamp-based protocols ensure serializability.b) Explain the synchronization in Linux Operating system.

4. a) Explain FIFO and LRU page replacement algorithms with an example.b) Given memory partitions of 100K, 500K, 200K, 300K and 600K (in order), how would

each of the First-fit, Best-fit and Worst-fit algorithms place processes of 212K, 417K, 112K

and 426K (in order)? Which algorithm makes the most efficient use of memory?

c) Write a short note on thrashing.

5. a) Explain Bankers algorithm in detail.b) Explain about STREAMS. Give its structure.

6. a) What are the operations that can be performed on a directory? Describe in brief aboutsingle-level and two-level directories.

b) Explain the free space management techniques.

7. a) Explain swap-space management with an example.b) Explain how reliability of RAIDs can be improved through redundancy.

8. a) How can systems that implement the principle of least privilege still have protectionfailures that lead to security violations?

b) Explain program threats.

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Code No:T1221





**************+

1. a) Operating system services are provided for the convenience of the programmer, to makeprogramming task easier. Justify?

b) Explain various types of system calls in detail.

2. a) Explain deterministic modeling for scheduling algorithms evaluation.b) Explain the scheduling in Linux Operating system.

3. a) Explain the concept of The Readers-Writers problem in detail using synchronization.b) What is a semaphore? Explain the usage and implementation of semaphores.4. a) Explain the concept of demand paging in detail.

b) Assume that we have a demand-paged memory. The page table is held in registers. It

takes 8 milliseconds to service a page fault if an empty frame is available or if the replaced

page is not modified and 20 milliseconds if the replaced page is modified. Memory-access

time is 100 nanoseconds.Assume that the page to be replaced is modified 70 percent of the time. What is the maximumacceptable page-fault rate for an effective access time of no more than 200 nanoseconds?

5. a) Explain the concept of safe state using deadlocks.b) Write a short note on system performance. Mention the principles that are to be employedto improve the efficiency of I/O systems.

6. a) Explain tree-structured directories.b) Explain various file allocation techniques in detail with neat diagrams.

7. a) Explain any three disk scheduling algorithms.b) Describe tertiary storage implementation in detail.

8. a) What are the goals of protection?b) What commonly used computer programs are prone to man-in-the-middle attacks?

Discuss solutions for preventing this form of attacks.

c) Briefly, explain intrusion detection system.

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Code No: V0304/R05 Set No. 1

II B.Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, Apr/May 2012THERMAL ENGINEERING-I

( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

1. (a) List all engines classified according to cylinder arrangements? State merits ofeach.

(b) Why filtration of oil is necessary in lubrication? Explain. [8+8]

2. (a) Explain the air-fuel mixture combustion regions in S. I. Engine. Under whatconditions the rich fuel air ratio is required.

(b) What are different stages of combustion in S.I. Engines? How much of heat isreleased in each stage? [8+8]

3. (a) Define the terms swirl and squish and differentiate between them.

(b) Describe the operational features of air cell combustion chamber with suitablediagrams. [8+8]

4. (a) List the parameters by which performance of an engine is evaluated.

(b) Find the bore of the single-cylinder diesel engine working on the four-strokecycle and delivers 40 kW at 200 rpm from the following date:Compression ratio : 14:1Fuel cut-off : 5% of strokeIndex of compression curve : 1.4Index for expansion curve : 1.3Pressure at beginning of compression : 1 atmRatio of stroke to bore : 1.5 to 1. [8+8]

5. (a) (a) In an air compressor, prove that the clearance has no effect on the theoreti-

cal work done in compressing and delivering 1 kg of air, if the range of pressureof the suction and delivery pressure remain same and the law of compressionand expansion processes is the same.

(b) A two-stage compressor delivering air at 17.25 bar has a 4% of stroke volume asclearance volume of the low pressure cylinder ; and at the start of compression,the pressure in the cylinder is 0.98 bar. The atmospheric conditions are 1 barand 250C. Temperature at the start of compression in each stage is 350C andthe intercooler pressure is 4 bar. The law of compression and expansion forboth stages is pV1.25 = constant. Determine :

i. the volumetric efficiency, referred to ambient condition.ii. the work required per kg of air delivered by the compressor ; and

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iii. the overall efficiency of the compressor referred to isothermal compressionfrom atmospheric temperature and pressure.R = 287 J / kg K. [16]

6. An axial compressor stage has a mean diameter of 60 cm and runs at 15000 r.p.m.If the actual temperature rise and pressure ratio developed are 300C and 1.4 re-spectively, determine :

(a) the power required to drive the compressor while delivering 57 kg/s of air;assume mechanical efficiency of 86.0% and an initial temperature of 350C,

(b) the stage loading coefficient,

(c) the stage efficiency, and

(d) the degree of reaction if the temperature at the rotor exit is 550C. [16]

7. (a) Describe various methods of subcooling of condensate.

(b) The following data refer to a single-stage vapour-compression system.Refrigerant used (ozone friendly) R-134 aCondensing temperature : 350CEvaporator temperature : -100CFor compressor rpm = 2800Clearance volume/swept volume = 0.03Swept volume = 269.4 cm3, Expansion index = 1.12

Compression efficiency = 0.8Condensate subcooling : 50CGet

i. tonnage,

ii. power input,

iii. COP and

iv. heat rejection to condenser. Properties of R-134 a.

T0C p,bar, Vgm3/kg, hfkJ/kg hg.kJ/kg SfkJ/kg.k, SgkJ/kg.K,

-10 2.014 0.0994 186.7 392.4 0.9512 1.733-35 8.870 249.1 417.6 1.1680 1.715

specific heat of vapour at 8.87 bar: 1.1 kJ/kg.K. [16]

8. (a) What is effective temperature ?

(b) In a heating application, moist air enters a steam heating coil at 100 C, 50%RH and leaves at 300C. Determine the sensible heat transfer if mass flow rateof air is 100 kg of dry air /s. Also determine the steam mass flow rate if steamenters saturated at 1000 C and condensate leaves at 800 C. [16]

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1. (a) How valve timing influences the volumetric efficiency?

(b) In what respect the working of an actual engine differ from a theoretical cycle.[8+8]

2. (a) What are different antiknock additives to be added to reduce detonation inS.I.Engine? and Explain ill effects on engine performance.

(b) Differentiate between overhead valve and under head valve combustion cham-bers used in S.I.Engines. [10+6]

3. (a) Explain different types of direct injection type combustion chambers withsuitable diagrams.

(b) Describe the phenomenon of knocking in C.I.Engine and explain the methodsto minimize knocking. [8+8]

4. In a test on two stroke oil engine, the following results were obtained: speed =350 rev/min; Net brake load = 600 N; Mean effective pressure = 2.66 bar; Fuelconsumption = 3.2 kg/h; cooling water used = 495 kg/h; Temperatures of jacketwater at inlet and outlet = 300 C and 500 C; Exhaust gases per kg of fuel = 32kg; Temperature of exhaust gases = 4320C; specific heat of exhaust gases = 1.005kJ/kg K; Inlet air temperature =320C. Draw up a heat balance for the engine if itscylinder diameter = 205 mm and stroke = 275 mm; brake drum M diameter = 1.0m; calorific value of fuel = 40870 kJ/kg. [16]

5. Discuss the fans with downstream guide vanes and derive the expressions for the

pressure rise and degree of reaction. [16]

6. An experimental centrifugal compressor is fitted with free-vortex guide vanes inorder to reduce the relative air speed at inlet to the impeller. At the outer radiusof the eye, air leaving the guide-vanes has a velocity of 91.5 m/s at 20 deg to theaxial direction. Determine the inlet relative Mach number, assuming frictionlessflow through the guide vanes and the overall efficiency of the compressor. Otherdetails of the compressor and its operating conditions are :Impeller entry tip diameter 457 mmImpeller exit tip diameter 762 mmSlip factor 0.9

Radial component of velocity at impeller exit 53.4 m/sRotational speed 11,000 r.p.m.Static pressure at impeller exit 223 kPa (abs). [16]

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7. A refrigerant F-12 vapour compression system includes a liquid to vapour heat ex-changer in the system. The heat exchanger cools, saturated liquid coming out fromcondenser from 320C to 220C with the help of vapour coming out from evaporatorat -120C saturated. The compression is isentropic. Draw the line diagram of thecomponents and find the followings :

(a) C.O.P. of the system.

(b) If the compressor displacement is 1.2 m3/min, what is the refrigeration capac-ity of the system ?

(c) Find the C.O.P. if there is no heat-exchanger. [16]

8. (a) What is an air-washer humidifier ? Explain its working principle. What are

its advantages ?

(b) Where central air-conditioning systems are preferred to unit air-conditioners?Draw the layout of a central air-conditioning system using water spray andair delivered to all zones at the same temperature and mention the functionsof each equipment. [16]

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1. (a) What are the differences between air standard cycle and fuel-air cycle? Explainthe significance of fuel-air cycle?

(b) Why the actual cycle efficiency is much lower than the air standard cycle

efficiency? List the major losses in the actual engine. [8+8]

2. (a) What are different ill effects of knocking and suggest the methods to minimizeknocking.

(b) Draw the theoretical p - diagram of S.I.Engine combustion in comparisonwith actual p - diagram. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain the influence of different operating parameters on ignition delay during

combustion process in C.I. Engine.

(b) Describe the phenomenon of knocking in C.I. Engine and how it is different

from S.I. Engine detonation. [8+8]

4. (a) Define Scavenging efficiency? Explain its significance.

(b) A four stroke diesel engine consumes 4.3 kg of fuel per hour when running at600 rpm. The engine dimensions are 100 mm bore and 160 mm stroke. Ifthe spring height is 4.5 mm with spring index of 1 bar/mm. Calculate IP,BP, mechanical efficiency and brake thermal efficiency if CV of fuel is 44000kJ/kg. [6+10]

5. The following particulars refer to a two-stage single-acting air compressor. Capacity4.5 cubic metres per minute measured under free conditions of 150C and 1.01325bar.Delivery pressure, 17.5 bar.Pressure during suction stroke, 0.98 bar.Temperature at start of compression, 300C.Clearance volume of low pressure cylinder, 6% of stroke volume.Index of compression and expansion, 1.25 throughout.Speed 120 r.p.m.Assuming that the inter-cooler pressure is chosen such that theoretically the workis shared equally between the two cylinders, determine

(a) the Indicated Power and(b) the dimensions of the low pressure cylinder if the bore is equal to the stroke.

[16]

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6. Determine the absolute Mach number of the flow at the exit of the radial vanedimpeller of a centrifugal compressor when the radial component of the velocity atimpeller exit is 28 m/s and the slip factor is 0.9. The impeller tip speed is 350 m/s.If the impeller exit area is 0.08 m2 and the total head isentropic efficiency of theimpeller is 90%, determine the mass flow rate. Take r = 1.4, Cp = 1.005 KJ / KgK, R = 0.287 KJ / Kg K and T01 = 288

0 K. [16]

7. In an aqua-ammonia absorption refrigeration system, the environment temperatureis 350C and refrigerator temperature is - 50C. Designing range is 0.08. Find

(a) Mass of strong solution handled by the pump per kg of NH3.

(b) Exergetic efficiency. [16]

8. (a) Define the term effective temperature and explain its importance in air-conditioningsystem. Describe the factors which affect effective temperature.

(b) Air flowing at the rate of 100 m3 / min at 400C DBT and 50% RH is mixedwith another stream flowing at the rate of 20 m3 / min at 260C DBT and 50%RH. The mixture flows over a cooling coil whose ADP temperature is 100Cand bypass factor is 0.2. Find DBT and RH of air leaving the coil. If this airis supplied to an air- conditioned room where DBT of 260C and RH of 50%are maintained, estimate

i. room sensible heat factor and

ii. cooling load capacity of the coil in tones of refrigeration. [16]

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1. (a) How valve timing influences the volumetric efficiency?

(b) In what respect the working of an actual engine differ from a theoretical cycle.[8+8]

2. (a) Explain different stages of combustion in S.I.Engine along with p- diagram.

(b) What are different methods to control the knocking in S.I.Engine? Explain.[8+8]

3. (a) What is stratified charged combustion chamber for C.I.Engine? Explain itsworking.

(b) What are homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures? In which engines thesemixtures are used? Explain. [8+8]

4. In a test of a four-cylinder, four-stroke petrol engine of 75 mm bore and 100 mm

stroke, the following results were obtained at full throttle at a constant speed andwith a fixed setting of the fuel supply of 0.082 kg/min.

bp with all cylinders working = 15.24 kWbp with cylinder number 1 cut-off = 10.45 kWbp with cylinder number 2 cut-off = 10.38 kWbp with cylinder number 3 cut-off = 10.23 kWbp with cylinder number 4 cut-off = 10.45 kW

Estimate the indicated power of the engine under these conditions. If the calorificvalue of the fuel is 44 MJ/kg, find the indicated thermal efficiency of the engine.Compare this with the air-standard efficiency, the clearance volume of one cylinder

being 115 cc. [16]5. Two single stage compressors work between the same pressure limits, the one having

no clearance and the other having a definite clearance. Prove that, if they take inequal volumes, they will also discharge equal volumes and that the work doneaccording to the indicator cards will be the same for both if n is pVn = C is samefor all expansion and compression curves. [16]

6. Air at a temperature of 290 K enters a ten stage axial flow compressor, at the rateof 3.0 kg/s. The pressure ratio is 6.5 and the isentropic efficiency is 90 per cent, thecompression process being adiabatic. The compressor has symmetrical stages. The

axial velocity of 110 m/s is uniform across the stage and the mean blade speed ofeach stage is 180 m/s. Determine the direction of the air at entry to and exit fromthe rotor and the stator blades and also the power given to the air. Cp = 1.005KJ/kg K and = 1.4. [16]

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7. (a) Describe various methods of subcooling of condensate.

(b) The following data refer to a single-stage vapour-compression system.Refrigerant used (ozone friendly) R-134 aCondensing temperature : 350CEvaporator temperature : -100CFor compressor rpm = 2800Clearance volume/swept volume = 0.03Swept volume = 269.4 cm3, Expansion index = 1.12Compression efficiency = 0.8Condensate subcooling : 50CGet

i. tonnage,ii. power input,

iii. COP and

iv. heat rejection to condenser. Properties of R-134 a.

T0C p,bar, Vgm3/kg, hfkJ/kg hg.kJ/kg SfkJ/kg.k, SgkJ/kg.K,

-10 2.014 0.0994 186.7 392.4 0.9512 1.733-35 8.870 249.1 417.6 1.1680 1.715

specific heat of vapour at 8.87 bar: 1.1 kJ/kg.K. [16]

8. The following data is given for the space to be air conditioned :

Inside design conditions maintained :

250C DBT50%RH

Outside air conditions :

430C DBT270WBT

Room sensible heat gain : 40 kWRoom latent heat gain: 10 kW

By-pass factor of cooling coil used : 0.2The return air from the room is mixed with outside air before entry to cooling coilin the ratio of 3 : 1 by mass

(a) determine :i. ADP of cooling coil

ii. Entry and exit conditions of air for cooling coil

iii. Dehumidified air quantity

iv. Fresh air mass flow rate and volume flow rate

v. Refrigeration load on the cooling coil (cooling plant)

(b) How will the results get modified if all fresh air is supplied through the coolingcoil to offset the room loads. [16]

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