controlling campus energy consumption via the ip network...overview . i. energy management ii....
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Controlling Campus Energy Consumption via the IP Network:
A Feasibility Study for Achieving Energy
Efficiency with Cisco EnergyWise
Hunt Briggs Tim Haines
Bryan Hogle Sarah Howie
Behind the Curtain
2
Root Question What is the potential for network-based
technologies to collect, aggregate and communicate building energy data to enable informed, coordinated management by key decision makers?
Why is this important to us? We want to see resources (energy, money, time,
people) used as efficiently as possible.
3
Overview
I. Energy Management II. Network-Based Energy Management III. University Energy Management IV. University of Michigan Case Study V. Conclusions & Recommendations
4
I. ENERGY MANAGEMENT
5
Conclusions & Recommendations
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management
Systematic tracking and planning of energy use
What is Energy Management?
– Metering & Monitoring consumption – Identifying & Implementing saving measures – Verifying Savings With Proper Measurements
-ACEEE
6
Conclusions & Recommendations
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management
Energy Matters to Industry
Johnson Controls Energy Efficiency Indicator
7
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100% Not at all Important
Not Very Important
Important
Very Important
Extremely Important
Source: JCI EEI 2010
How Important Is Energy Management at your
organization?
0 1
2
3 4 5 6
7
8
9 10
6.5
Average: 6.6
Min: 1 Max: 8 Std. Dev: 2.8
Conclusions & Recommendations
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management
Drivers of Commercial Energy Management
8
Regulatory
• Existing Regulation • Utility EERS • Building Codes
• Anticipated Regulation • ISO 50001
• GHG Management
Strategic
• Enhancing Public Image
• Attract & Retain Customers, Employees & Tenants
• Achieve Sustainability Goals
• Risk Management
Operational
• Energy Cost Savings • Improve Overall
Operational Efficiency • Demand Side
Management
Conclusions & Recommendations
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management
Demand Side Management & Utility Billing
9
Charge Type Amount Used Rate Charge
Total Amount Due: = $6,480
Power Demand 248 kW $10.00/ kW = $2,480
Electricity Consumption 50,000 kWh 8¢/kWh = $4,000
0
100
200
300
02/01 02/06 02/11 02/16 02/21 02/26
kW
Power Demand
248 $avings Can Be Achieved by Reducing Consumption
or Limiting Demand Spikes
Conclusions & Recommendations
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management
Commercial Building Systems
10 *Actual Values will depend on geography, building function, etc.
AC & Central Chillers Boilers & Heating Plumbing Electrical Security Lighting Building Envelope Building Automation Air Handling & Distribution
Source: EIA
Space Heating 36%
Cooling 8%
Ventilation 7%
Water Heating
8%
Lighting 20%
Cooking 3%
Refrigeration 6%
Office Equipment
1%
Computers 2%
Other 9%
Conclusions & Recommendations
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management
II. NETWORK-BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT
11
Conclusions & Recommendations
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management Network-Based
Energy Management
Cisco EnergyWise
12
Conclusions & Recommendations
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management Network-Based
Energy Management
Converging Systems- Smart Buildings
13
Features • Integrated Building
Controls • Remote Web-based
Management • Better Demand
Response Capabilities
Drivers • Open Control
Protocols (BACnet) • Software, Web • Analysis & Reporting • Sensor Networks
Smart Buildings
Information Technologies
Operations Technologies
Conclusions & Recommendations
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management Network-Based
Energy Management
Existing Building Control Infrastructure
ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS Facility Management
Maintenance Management IT Network Management
Wireless
IP Telephony
BMS
VAV
FCU
Heat Pump
Chilled Beam
Boilers
Chillers
AHU
Building Mgmt
IP Camera
Lighting Control
General Lighting Channel Controllers
DSI/DALI Interface
Occupancy Detectors
VAV
FCU
Heat Pump
Chilled Beam
BMS
Building Mgmt
Lighting Control
General Lighting
DSI/DALI Interface
Occupancy Detectors
Access Control
Access Control
CCTV
DVR
*Illustration by Cisco Systems
Conclusions & Recommendations
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management Network-Based
Energy Management
A Converged
Solution
Energy & Power Metering
CCTV
DVR
Fire Alarm System
Smoke Sensor
Break Glass
Sounder
ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS
Energy Management Building Management Facility Management Security Management Maintenance Management IT Network Management
Door Controllers
Access Control
Reader Technology
Intruder Panels
VAV
FCU
Heat Pump
Chilled Beam
Boilers
Chillers
BMS
AHU
Lighting Control
General Lighting Channel
Controllers
DSI/DALI Interface
Occupancy Detectors
UPS Monitoring
IP Camera IP Telephony
Wireless
Mediator
Switch Router
*Illustration by Cisco Systems
Conclusions & Recommendations
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management Network-Based
Energy Management
Platform to Analyze Data (Trends, etc)
Data Warehouse
Operational Data Energy-Related Data (From EnergyWise, for
example)
What Should Be Collected? Operational Data
– Occupancy – Utility Billing Data – Interval Data For All Points
Within The BAS Energy-Related Data
– Meter Data – Utility Interval Data – Weather
• Enterprise Energy Management Systems (EEMS)
16
Energy Data Management
Conclusions & Recommendations
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management Network-Based
Energy Management
III. ENERGY MANAGEMENT AT UNIVERSITIES
17
Conclusions & Recommendations
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management Network-Based
Energy Management
University Energy
Management
Key Traits of the University
• Thought leadership • Stakeholders • Diversity of missions within the university • Economics
– Non-profit (generally) – Primary revenue generation is student tuition
• Peer organizations – Competition – Trends in planning and reporting
18
Trends: - Importance of Personalization - Desire to be Leaders & Best - Need for Systemic Perspective
Conclusions & Recommendations
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management Network-Based
Energy Management
University Energy
Management
U of M Energy Basics
• Two sources of energy on campus – Steam – Electricity
• Points of energy use measurement – Central Power Plant can see overall campus
demand on a 15-minute scale – Building energy use is generally read only on a
monthly basis 19
Conclusions & Recommendations
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management Network-Based
Energy Management
University Energy
Management
Current Scenario: Data, Dollars and Decision Makers
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Central Power Plant
• Mission: uninterrupted power
• Financial objective: cover costs of power purchasing and production
• Energy Data: total campus demand every 15 minutes
Facility Manager
• Mission: provide comfortable building environment
• Financial objective: manage overall budget, including operational costs
• Energy Data: monthly bill for building at large
External IT Group
• Mission: provide consistently excellent IT services to all user groups
• Financial objective: cover costs of labor and infrastructure
• Energy Data: at best, minimal tracking; at worst, nothing
Incentive Opportunity
Issue: Power Demand
Power Plant: Unable to see spike sources. Demand charge divided evenly. Facility Manager: Unable to see spike and paying average charge Opportunity: Demand side management + savings from demand stabilization
Incentive Opportunity
Issue: Device Management
Facility Manager: Unable to see energy use sources. External IT: Not charged for energy use. Opportunity: Data transparency + Service agreement standards
How can we use network-based energy management to take advantage of these opportunities?
Conclusions & Recommendations
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management Network-Based
Energy Management
University Energy
Management
21
ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS Facility Management Maintenance Management IT Network Management
Wireless
IP Telephony
BMS
VAV
FCU
Heat Pump
Chilled Beam
Boilers
Chillers
AHU
Building Mgmt
IP Camera
Lighting Control
General Lighting Channel Controllers
DSI/DALI Interface
Occupancy Detectors
VAV
FCU
Heat Pump
Chilled Beam
BMS
Building Mgmt
Lighting Control
General Lighting
DSI/DALI Interface
Occupancy Detectors
Access Control
Access Control
CCTV
DVR
Conclusions & Recommendations
University of Michigan
Case Study Energy
Management Network-Based
Energy Management
University Energy
Management
IV. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CASE STUDY
22
Conclusions & Recommendations
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study
Protocol & Software • Cisco EnergyWise
– Communication & Monitoring Protocol – “Lives” on Network Switches
• Cisco Orchestrator – Control Interface – PC Client
23
Conclusions & Recommendations
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study
Why EnergyWise?
• Installed Cisco Hardware
• Potential energy savings w/ existing infrastructure
• Case study of university implementation
24
Juniper Switches,
1.6%
Cisco Switches,
98.4%
EW Compatible 53%
Not Compatible 47%
Conclusions & Recommendations
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study
Implementation Methodology 1. Survey existing IT energy management
initiatives 2. Identify relevant university stakeholders 3. Install EnergyWise & Orchestrator 4. Gather baseline energy data 5. Implement policies 6. Analyze Results
25
Conclusions & Recommendations
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study
Existing Green IT Initiatives
• Climate Savers – Green computing initiative – Increase awareness
• Big Fix – Central Power & Patch Management (CPPM) suite – Installed on 15,000 out of 50,000 computers
26
Conclusions & Recommendations
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study
Deployment Scope Natural Resources & Environment Dana Building
Ross School of Business Executive Residence
27
•Office of Academic Programs (OAP) - 11 Computers •Sites Computer Lab & Classroom - 49 Computers
• 214 Devices Total - 153 IP Phones - 47 Wireless Access Points
Stakeholder Discovery
28
Central ITS
Cisco Systems Ross IT
SNRE IT
ITS Sites
ITComm
Dana Dean’s Office
Climate Savers Ross Facilities
SNRE Facilities
Zone Maintenance
Building Automation Services
University CIO Office
Power Plant
What Campus Groups will we need to contact?
Graham Institute
Office of Campus Sustainability
Planet Blue
Coordinating Bodies:
Conclusions & Recommendations
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study
Baseline - Managed
Snow Day
29
Conclusions & Recommendations
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study
Baseline - Unmanaged
30
Conclusions & Recommendations
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study
20 20 60 0
20
40
60
80
100
Previous Policy New Policy
No
Site B - Unmanaged
Monitor Sleep Computer Sleep
Min
utes
15 15 30 30
0
20
40
60
80
100
Previous Policy New Policy
Site A - Managed
Min
utes
Implement Policies
31
Previous policy met site needs
Note: Business hours only
Conclusions & Recommendations
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study
Implementation Challenges
32
Organizational
• Time consuming • Coordination issues • Piecemeal approach
Technical
• Lack of converged systems prevents management
• Reliability issues
User Impacts
• User experience is an IT manager’s 1st priority
Conclusions & Recommendations
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study
IV. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CASE STUDY: RESULTS
33
Conclusions & Recommendations
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study
Results of Policy Implementation
34
Average 30% Sleep State
Conclusions & Recommendations
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study
35
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24
Aver
age
time
Activ
e an
d Id
le (h
ours
/day
)
Num
ber o
f Com
pute
rs
Average Time On(hours/day)
Time On and Activity Levels for University Computers
# Computers Ave. Hours Active Ave. Hours Idle/Logged Off
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Sites Institute forSocial
Research
Ross Schoolof Business
College ofEngineering
Athletics ITS DesktopSupport
PlantOps SNRE Other
Num
ber o
f Com
pute
rs
Department
Number of Computers on 21-24 hours/day - Top Departments
36
User Experience is Critical
37
0.00
4.00
8.00
12.00
16.00
20.00
24.00
Sites Athletics College ofEngineering
Ross Schoolof Business
PlantOps SNRE
Tim
e (h
ours
)
Department
Average Time in Energy States for PCs by Department
Off
Standby
Active
Idle/Logged Off
Current Levels of Energy Management Differ
38
Engineering 1471
Athletics 406
PlantOps 633
Business 1024
SNRE 278
Sites 1280
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
100.0%
0 6 12 18 24
Aver
age
time
Idle
as %
of t
ime
On
Average time in On state (hours)
Opportunity for Energy Savings by Department (number of department computers below department name)
Energy Saving Opportunity is Fragmented
How much can U of M save?
• Over one year: – 525,000 kWh saved – $42,000 reduction in energy costs (at $0.08/kWh)
39
• Assume: – 4000 computers
– 30% of day in Sleep state
Consider 50,000 Computers + Heating + Cooling + Ventilation + Lighting + …
Conclusions & Recommendations
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study
V. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
40
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Conclusions &
Recommendations
Conclusions Current limitations in energy data measurement are a barrier to effectively incentivizing energy efficiency
The University’s organizational complexity impedes implementation of energy management solutions
A complete energy management solution needs to consider user experience
Central PC energy management can potentially save the University several hundred thousand dollars
41
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Conclusions &
Recommendations
Root Question
What is the potential for network-based technologies to collect, aggregate and communicate building energy data to enable informed, coordinated management by key decision makers?
42
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Conclusions &
Recommendations
Recommended Future Work Align energy decisions and costs
– Investigate finance and accounting structure to incentivize future energy management
– Map energy decision making at U of M
Conduct study of factors affecting user experience
Implement a comprehensive Enterprise Energy Management System (EEMS) – Expand scope and granularity of data – Pilot converged building energy management
43
Energy Management
Network-Based Energy
Management
University Energy
Management
University of Michigan
Case Study Conclusions &
Recommendations
44
Questions?