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People + Information + Control = Efficiency

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Sponsored byJohnson Controls Inc.

Yorkland Controls Conference

www.yorkland.net

@controlsRus

What‘s possible?


Yorkland Controls Ltd. www.yorkland.net

Introduction• House Keeping

• Phones on vibrate and please answer when outside the meeting room• Break in this room• Question Sessions



Yorkland Controls Ltd• Controls Distribution and Systems focus• Recommend Solutions• Promote Technologies• Support Contractors• 40+ years in business , 3 years in Ottawa



Overview• Control Trends• Industry facts• Optimization• Challenges• Solutions



New Vocabulary that impact our Business

Convergence

Big Data

Cloud Computing

SaaS


Net Zero Buildings

Controls –where we’re goingMarket,

Technology Trends

2010 2015 2020

The Products

TheCom

petitors

Building Information Management

IT Convergence Demand Response Programs Smart Grid Applications

Smart Buildings

• Building-wide data sharing• Enterprise decision making• Consumer driven user

experiences

• Multiple energy source integration

• Full building control optimization

• Optimized energy performance and management

• Self configuring systems for lowest cost installation and optimized performance

• Automated-economic- based decision making

Customer

Benefits

C l o u d c om p u t i n g ,Software as a Service

Micro‐Grid

Asset Based Ontology



I.T. Infrastructure Integrationoptimizing infrastructure, reduce life cycle costs

Control, Status and Alarm Data from HVAC, meters, and other equipment

Building IP SWITCH/ HUB/ROUTER

Data/Maintenance Center

IT Infrastructure

Site IT/PC Equipment

BASServer

Building TCP/IP Ethernet LAN



Other BAS Sites

BAS sharing IT InfrastructureBuilding with BAS

Central Utilities

Operator Interface

Buildings without BAS

IT infrastructure and PC's

HVAC equipment Energy Management, Monitoring and Control

Air Conditioning and Ventilation Control.

MSEA LAN

Interior and Exterior Lighting Control

Buildings with other BAS

IT network and PC's

ITInfrastructure

BASIT WebServers

other BAS



Centralized servers l gather and store data from

multiple sourcesl provide a single point user

interface portal l provide data crunching and

analysis

Information Technology use of servers and portals

..….



Energy Performance dashboard

I.T. Infrastructure

Existing building IT equipment

Touch-screen Panel PC resides on the building’s IT infrastructure



Kiosks and Dashboards


Yorkland Controls Ltd. www.yorkland.net15

data used in EXCEL to generate

tenant energy billing

data sent to Maintenance Contractor to generate Work Order.

IT / web formatted data can be used for different applications

SQL data from BAS is polled by site server

software

Internet

data sent from ESCO or Utility company to execute

KW Deferred Demand. or KW

Demand Limiting Strategies



Energy Metering and MonitoringDemand Limiting Programs

Energy Monitoring and Data Aggregation Servers and Software

Enterprise DATA CENTER

Energy SoftwareServers

Enterprise WAN

Enterprise Energy

Software HQOTHER Customers

Energy SoftwareServers

ENERGY PROVIDER

Browser Interface

Internet


Big Data



Industry Facts – Compelling Reasons

The most often stated reason for proactive performance analysis and optimization is to obtain energy savings.

Ensure system performance

Obtain energy savings

Improve thermal comfort

Extend equipment life

Increase operator awareness

Smoother process

Increase occupant productivity

Indoor air quality

Comply with LEED

Reduce liability

Qualify for financing

Research/Pilot

Utility rebate



Industry Facts – Energy Costs

Energy costs are the most “measurable” variable expense in a facility operations budget, and therefore they receive significant attention.

17% of NA end use energy is consumed by HVAC equipment; $18 billion in energy is lost to poor and inefficient operation

Over 50% of economizers cost more in energy loss then they would if operating correctly.

As technologies become more complex in an effort to capture greater energy savings, the risk of underperformance actually increases! With modern BAS, operational errors can be implemented faster and go undetected



the value of environmental comfort is hard to measure

Cost are "hidden" in sick days and lower productivity

Tenant complaints are typically measured for facility operations impact, not worker impact

However, there are some Federal Gov’t survey results > 30% of employees are dissatisfied with “HVAC” and comfort 56% to 89% of government workers regard HVAC as a “problem” 70% of office workers regard HVAC noise as a problem

So… why not fix the HVAC system before it becomes a problem?

Occupant productivity costs are not often factored into the financial decisions, because they are subjective and difficult to quantify.

Industry Facts ‐Occupant Productivity



Predictive maintenance saves 8 to 12% over preventive maintenance provides savings of 30 to 40% over reactive can offer significant savings potential

Lower maintenance costs: 25% to 30%

Reduced breakdowns: 70% to 75%

Lower downtime: 35% to 45%

Increased productivity: 20% to 25%

Industry Facts ‐Building Maintenance

Having meaningful data is the key to developing preventive and predictive maintenance programs.



The amount of information generated by the BAS controllers in a large facility can generate point trend data equivalent to:

All the works of Shakespeare in 20 minutes

Two pickup trucks of text books in a week

Enough information to kill 7000 trees a month if printed

Fill one floor of an academic library in a week

Even if you had the training and expertise, when would you have the time to analyze this data?

Industry Facts – Building Automation Systems Data

Most operators do not have enough time to do more thanoperate, respond to alarms and issues, and try to resolve complaints.


Ongoing Commissioning

What if you had an engineer who specialized in analyzing Energy, HVAC and Building Automation Systems?

What if he was there everyday, 24/7, looking at all the data, comparing it to the HVAC manufacturers’ specification, NIST and ASHRAE standards for HVAC systems and energy usage?

What if he reviewed the data against the original facility design documents and compared those to the current building occupancy and usage?

And, you didn’t have to set aside leave time, sick time, retirement pay…???



Key components include:

• Developing monitoring and measurement methodologies

• Getting meaningful system data

• Evaluating and improving operational and control schedules, set points and optimization strategies to meet user needs

• Continuously analyzing potential performance changes andenergy saving opportunities

• Performing engineering analyses of the system changes

• Reporting and tracking results

Industry Facts –Ongoing Commissioning

Ongoing Commissioning is built on a foundation of ongoingmonitoring, expert analysis, and optimization.



Study / Agency FindingFederal Energy Management Program (FEMP)

US Department of Energy (DOE)

California Commissioning Market Characterization Study (CCMCS)

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

20% on average (based on 300 facilities [Texas A&M] study)

8 – 20% (guidelines)

15% (existing facilities)9% (new construction)

US$0.16 per square foot (energy alone)

Ongoing Commissioning Cost Savings

Industry Facts ‐ Saving Money



Cost reduction potentials1 from a proactive and ongoing Analysis and Optimization solution are not limited to energy:

● Energy 8 ‐ 20%

● O & M 5 ‐ 10%

● Repair and Replacement 10%

● Occupant Productivity 1 3 ‐ 15%

1 National Institutes of Science and Technology

The total operating cost for a typical building can range from $5/ft2 to $12/ft2depending on the size, hours of operation, facility usage.

Money left on the table



if only the equipment could talk to us

The bigger chiller –not the smaller one ‐ has been running during the low load winter months

The smaller tonnage chiller has been shut down since November



Customers want and need information !• Facilities are no longer a cost department but are looked at for strategic advantage

“Energy consumed per coffee cup served”



NBS - System Peak Summary (Chilled Water Plant) Outdoor Air Temperature = 92.5°FOutdoor Air Relative Humidity = 65.40%

Chiller SummaryLoad at Peak

Design Load*

Average Load AHU Summary

SF VFD Output

RF VFD Output

Chiller #1 97% 85% 74.30% AHU#1 95.0% 92.4%Chiller#2 89% 85% 68.50% AHU#2 87.0% 85.0%

Temp Design T Avg. T AHU#3 95.0% 94.0%Common Chilled Water Temp 41.7°F 45°F 43.6°F AHU#4 50.0% 48.7%

Pump Summary VFD Output Status AHU#5 98.0% 95.6%CHWP#1 98.55% ON AHU#6 94.0% 91.0%CHWP#2 89.30% ON AHU#7 94.0% 91.0%

CWP#1 n/a ON CF Fan Summary VFD OutputCWP#2 n/a ON CT#1 93.70%

Common Backup Pump n/a OFF CT#2 93.20%*Design Day = 98°F/78°WB

Peak Day Demand Breakdown

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

12 AM16-Aug

2 AM 4 AM 6 AM 8 AM 10 AM 12 PM 2 PM 4 PM 6 PM 8 PM 10 PM

kW

OtherCT FansAHUsCWPCHWPChiller

Analytics: drilling down with co‐temporal data



Management informationEnterprise Applications presents a bridge between the data available in energy management and control systems and corporate management objectives

Shareholders

Corporate Mgmt

Plant Mgmt

Production Mgrs

Plant Engineers

Supervisors

Operators

Seconds Minutes Hours Days Months Years

Controls and EnergyManagement Systems

User InterfaceSoftware

Corporate Objectives and Decisions


Convergence

BAS and enterprise networks

Building Efficiency Systems

Cloud Delivery

Cloud delivery models make sophisticated solutions easier to use, purchase and keep

Analytics

Advanced analytics turn “big data” into actionable insight

0

20

40

60

80

2005 2010 2015 2020

CAGR 2005-2010

32%

CAGR 2010-2020

52%

CAGR 2005-2020

45%

ZettabytesGlobal Data Through 2020

Modern Building Automation Systems using standard, Open Protocols, and connected to the Enterprise I.T. infrastructure are the foundation for what’s possible

Building Efficiency Systems are the next big step: making use of building data to deliver improved operation, efficiency, and tenant comfort

Community & Consumerization

People increasingly expect consumer like experiences with access anywhere, anytime, any device


…Challenges for Facilities

Lighting ThermalComfort

AirQuality

Mobility &Accessibility

Communi‐cation

PhysicalSpace

PhysicalSecurity

Fire Safety

Water Delivery

Acoustics MechanicalWork Sanitation

Views DesignAesthetic

Food Prep,Preservation

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Challenges

Energy costs continue to increase

Maintenance departments are frequently understaffed

Operating personnel lack the training and/or skills to operate today's complex systems

No one looks at the data

80% of buildings are never commissioned

Building operations are frequently outsourced

Buildings are “value engineered” for low first cost, not ongoing operating cost

Facilities managers are often measured on comfort, not energy or operating costs



Examples of Issues Real Owners FindThings That Matter

Simultaneous heating and cooling in a single unit or across groups, short cycling, lack of diversity control

Deviation of energy intensity (kw/sq ft/degree day) from benchmarks, baselines, goals along with time, duration and cost

Degradation of cooling or heating performance (i.e., unit runs but does not deliver expected cooling/heating)

Economizers open while heating and cooling Non‐functioning sensors (temp, kw, etc) Lights or other loads operating when they shouldn’t Setpoints overridden and not changing with schedules as expected

What matters to your Customers?



Example‐ Rooftops and Economizers• Rooftop units are the most common cooling technology in the commercial sector

• HRAI ships approx. 150k rooftop units in Canada every year• Results from many US incentive programs and field studies indicate that many rooftop units are not operating optimally• California Energy Commission study found that some problems occur in as many as 60+% of NEW rooftop units



CEC – PIER Report• A 2003 California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) study of 215 rooftop units at 75 new buildings found the following problems:



CEC – PIER Report Problems• Refrigerant Charge – units were found to be improperly charged

• Economizer – 64% of economizers would not respond properly during the test. Of this, 24% would not move at all.

• Airflow – 39% of the units had low air flow• Thermostats – 38% of units tested cycled between heating and cooling mode. 30% of units had fans running continuously during unoccupied hours



High Rise Residential Example• Social Housing Environment• Mechanical Room Equipment upgraded including controls

• Make Up Air Equipment• Boilers• Domestic Hot Water• Pumps

• Site monitored with trending of consumption ‐Manually



Without continuous monitoring savings are reversed !



Impact of Deterioration• Increased energy consumption

• Simultaneous heating and cooling• Unscheduled operation

• Degraded indoor comfort• Productivity• Tenant retention

• “Silent energy leaks”



What Customers are Saying

“Dashboards and Automation Systems are great but – I need someone to tell me when I should look at a dashboard – tell me when there is something important that deserves my attention”

“as if I had an experienced mechanical engineer constantly reviewing system operation to find issues – which is simply not sustainable or scalable”


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Performance Deterioration

Time

Building

Energy

Performance

RCx RCxBuilding degrades over timeRCx with Software

Improved

Efficiency



The Old Way ??

A very manual process View graphics

of equipment systems

Review reports or history logs

Alarms… need to understand the issue when programming system single variable ‐ single point in time simple limit‐based relationships – many systems not capable of

complex alarm logic

Import data into Excel for manual analysis

No single tool that works across all kinds of data


Data is the Driver We now have access todata… lots of it! Building automation system data

Utility data

Metering data

Equipment/asset data IP/web connected automation

systems and smart devices Standard protocols Standard data formats

How can we turn the data into useful information?

Hidden in this data are the keys to better building performance


Dashboards, Portals, Reports,Alarms,Kiosks

Critical Systems DowntimeCritical Systems DowntimeCritical Systems Downtime

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

FY97 FY98 FY 99 Q1 FY 99 Q2 FY 99 Q3 FY 99 Q4$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

$900

$1,000

% On Time

% On Time Requirement

Avg Cost per WO

Emergency Work OrdersEmergency Work OrdersEmergency Work Orders

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%


$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

$900

$1,000

% On Time


Avg Cost per WO

Routine Work OrdersRoutine Work OrdersRoutine Work Orders

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%


$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

$900

$1,000

% On Time


Avg Cost per WO

Fire Detection and Alarm

Cooling Systems

Switchboards

UPS and Energy Storage

Energy Metering

TCP/IP

Access Control and Video SurveillanceOnsite energy

generation

24x7 Service

Sensor networking and controls

Wired and Wireless Networks

Air Distribution Technologies

Lighting Controls

Information integration platform:visibility, feedback, accountability

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User‐tailored: • c‐level execs• facility mgrs,• security staff,• BOC/technicians• occupants/visitors

Delivered via a variety of

communication devices



Find what matters™



Why Automate Optimization/Monitoring?

• Most maintenance operations are understaffed and lack time to analyze data

• Staff turnover• Energy savings• Operational savings• Comfort



What’s Needed

Pattern Recognition Software that automatically looks for “issues” – we call them sparks Across a wide range of data with different sources and formats

Processes rules to generate sparks Easy plug‐in to interrogate Meter & Building Automation, utility and other databases

Easily add new rules for pattern recognition without re‐programming or special skills

The result: Turn operational data into actionable issues with minimal intervention!



Energy, Equipment Performance and Verification• Information collected presented regardless of the Hardware• No need for pre‐set designated “alarms”• Ability to find relationships with ad‐hoc search• “Google”



8 hours to 8 seconds



SkySpark

Rethink how you organize data Rethink how you visualize data Rethink how you analyze data Rethink how you consume the result



Three Steps

• Bring data into SkySpark

Weather data

Facility data

BAS data

Utility data

Production data



Step 2

• Give the data meaning via “tags”• No need to maintain rigid schemas – add tags whenever youwant

• Dimensions• Relationships• Location• Other meaning and descriptors

• Dimensions• Relationships• Location• Other meaning and descriptors



Step 3

• Rules and “Sparks” Choose or define rules to find exactly

what matters to you Sample rule:

dis: Simultaneous Heating and Cooling (the text we will display)

ruleOn: ahu (this is the tag the rule will work on) ruleFunc: hisPeriodIntersection([heat, cool]) (this is the rule

expression)

The result – a sample “spark’: 2010-Oct-03 | Zone Temp Too Hot | Floor-2 Zone-A And SkySpark automatically generates views to show the issue!



The Result:Know what your systems are really doing

•Automatically scans your data to find what matters•Automatically generates views on issues detected•Identify an issue once –SkySpark finds it forever•Build up libraries of analytic rules to fit your facility needs•Convert your domain knowledge to rules – your value continues to build

The “Spark detail” page – shows everything related to the occurrence of an issue



Cooling Coil and Economizer Modulating

Fixed Persistence

Verification



Energy Demand vs. Occupancy

• Building Starting Early• Building Starting Late• Building Running Late• Peak Load Outside Occupancy• Peak Load, Annual & Monthly• Short Load Durations

Other Data(not in existing BAS) Shape, Height, DriftTwo data points: kW Demand, Occupancy

Examples


Energy Demand vs. Occupancy

People + Information + Control = EfficiencyShort Cycling ‐Before

Short Cycling ‐ After

Bad Electric Boiler Sequence



Terminal Units

• Bad Temperature Sensors• Missing Night Setbacks• Not Reaching Setpoints (Heating & Cooling)• Heating/Cooling Past Setpoint• Heating/Cooling Short Cycling• Not Reaching Airflow• Excess After Hours Demand (Heating & Cooling)• After Hours Space Temperature Unchanged

5‐7 additional points


Two Weeks Later!

Missing HVAC Setbacks


Bad Temperature Sensor

After


Heating/Cooling Short Cycling

No Deadband on T‐stat


Not Reaching Setpoints

Air Leak in Supply Duct

Cold Air from RTU not moving the Space Temp needle

Damper wide open

Not able to reach Box Flow


What Does the Technician See?



The Folio App – Directly Query the Database, Add Tags, Explore Relationships



Overall Benefits• Reduce Costs

• Lower energy cost (3% ‐19%) while maintaining comfort• Increase service lifetime of equipment and reduce costly equipment downtime

• Increase Productivity• Analyze and service more buildings/equipment in less time • Manage staff by financial priority instead of nuisance alarms

• Measure Performance• Validate increase in building efficiency over time• Justify equipment repair/replacement



Applications

End use application for facility/energy managers Backend database and analytics engine for third party HMI offerings

In house tool for consultants involved in commissioning/energy analysis

Part of your overall services And, SkySpark is sold as licensed software – install it on a local PC or server, or host it in your own cloud(SAAS). SkyFoundry never has your data – you’re in control



SkySpark overview and pricing model• Extensive Library or “rules”, especially for AHUs• Yorkland specific rules with focus on Central Heating Plants• Offered to Niagara AX integrators, (BacNET and direct OBIX connectors)

• $1000 for software + Number of RECords• Pricing is based on RECords (Recs). One datapoints = 4 RECs• Typical cost for Hi‐ Rise residential = $400 to $1000• Typical cost for Packaged Rootfops = $350.00• 18% per year annual maintenance



Questions

@controlsrus · • recommend solutions • promote technologies ... trends 2010 2015 2020 the ......

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