1. CONVENTIONS INAUDIOPRODUCTION ANDPOSTPRODUCTIONBy Freddie Goring, Jake Kemp,Carrie Helie

2. EFFECTS Distortion - Distortion effects create "warm", "dirty" and "fuzzy" sounds bycompressing the peaks of a musical instruments sound wave and addingovertones. Examples of songs that use this effect are Welcome to theJungle (Guns N Roses), All Around The World (Red Hot Chilli Peppers),Stockholm Syndrome (Muse). Reverberation - A reverberation, or reverb, is created when a sound isproduced in an enclosed space causing a large number of echoes to buildup and then slowly decay as the sound is absorbed by the walls and air. Phaser - A phaser is an audio signal processing technique used to filter asignal by creating a series of peaks and troughs in the frequency spectrum.The position of the peaks and troughs is typically modulated so that theyvary over time, creating a sweeping effect. 3. Echo - A simple delay line.This effect repeats the audio you have selected again and again, softereach time. There is a fixed time delay between each repeat.The Echo effect is very simple and is not intended to be used in place ofa Reverb effect, which simulates the sound of a room, concert hall,stage, or other natural environment.WahWah - This effect uses a moving bandpass filter to create its sound.A low frequency oscillator (LFO) is used to control the movement of thefilter throughout the frequency spectrum. The WahWah effectautomatically adjusts the phase of the left and right channels whengiven a stereo recording, so that the effect seems to travel across thespeakers.Delay - is an audio effect which records an input signal to an audiostorage medium, and then plays it back after a period of time. Thedelayed signal may either be played back multiple times, or played backinto the recording again, to create the sound of a repeating, decayingecho. 4. Chorus - In music, a chorus effect (sometimes chorusing orchorused effect) occurs when individual sounds with roughly thesame timbre and nearly (but never exactly) the same pitchconverge and are perceived as one. While similar sounds comingfrom multiple sources can occur naturally (as in the case of achoir or string orchestra), it can also be simulated using anelectronic effects unit or signal processing device. 5. EFFECTSEXAMPLESDistortion: Muse Stockholm SyndromeReverberation: Metallica SanitariumPhaser: Billy Joel Just The Way You AreEcho: Green Day Boulevard Of Broken Dreams 6. WahWah: Jimi Hendrix Voodoo Child Delay: Guns N Roses Welcome To The Jungle Chorus: Under The Bridge Red Hot Chilli Peppers 7. PRODUCTION & POST PRODUCTIONSTAGES AND PROCESSES Production Stage This will involve choosing the equipment andactually recording the sounds. Post Production Once all the sounds/music is recorded, it willthen be mixed and mastered depending on the product. Forexample, and pop music track will be mixed and mastered afterbeing recorded. 8. PRODUCTION ROLLSProduction Rolls could include: A session band Vocalist (s) Backing Singers Sound Enginiers Sound Mixer Producer 9. LEGAL ISSUES/PERFORMINGRIGHTS/LICENSES/CONTRACTS Performing rights are the right to perform music in public. It is part of copyright law and demands payment to the musicscomposer/lyricist and publisher (with the royalties generally split50/50 between the two). Public performance means that a musician or group who is notthe copyright holder is performing a piece of music live, asopposed to the playback of a pre-recorded song. 10. STUDIO LAYOUT/OPERATIONSThe control room is isolated from theother room. This reduces feedback. Theartist can listen to what they justrecorded through the speakers.An isolation booth is a standard smallroom in a recording studio, it keepsinternal sounds in and external out. Adrummer, vocalist, or guitar speakercabinet, along with microphones, isacoustically isolated in the room. The main or live room known to most,is where the instruments are recorded. 11. RECORDING & PLAYBACKFORMATS An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data ona computer system. This data can be stored uncompressed, orcompressed to reduce the file size. Recording formats such as Mp3 files, Mp4 files Audio data formatVideo tape format, are ways that certain files can be saved. MP3 - MPEG Layer III audio, is the most common sound fileformat used today. 12. FILE TRANSFER File transfer is a term for the act of transmitting files over acomputer network like the Internet. There are many ways to transfer files over a network. Computerswhich provide a file transfer service are often called file servers. 13. NON-LINEAR RECORDINGSYSTEMS Non Linear recording systems are digital recording systems thatallow any parts of the recording to be played back in any orderwith no gaps. Conventional tape is referred to as linear, becausethe material can only play back in the order in which it wasrecorded. This means that the recordings can be placed in a different orderthat is was originally recorded. Once it has been recorded andplaced in the correct order, they are then finalised. 14. LINEAR RECORDING SYSTEMS Linear recording is the traditional style of recording that placeseach new event after the previous one in a track. Opposite of looprecording that places new events in the same selected location ina track in repeated steps. So in simple terms, after you have finished recording there will beno changing to the sound and it will be kept as it is. 15. INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITALNETWORK (ISDN) An integrated service refers to ISDNs ability to deliver, atminimum, two simultaneous connections, in any combination ofdata, voice, video, and fax, over a single line. Multiple devices can be attached to the line, and used as needed.That means an ISDN line can take care of most peoplescomplete communications needs (apart from broadband Internetaccess and entertainment television) at a much highertransmission rate, without forcing the purchase of multipleanalogue phone lines. ISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system. It offerscircuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. 16. BASIC RATE INTERFACE Basic Rate Interface is an Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN) configuration intended primarily for use in subscriber linessimilar to those that have long been used for plain old telephoneservice. 17. BLASPHEMY Blasphemy is irreverence towards religious or holy persons orthings. Some countries have laws to punish blasphemy, whileothers have laws to give recourse to those who are offended byblasphemy. In some countries with a state religion blasphemy is outlawedunder the criminal code. It has been claimed that such laws canbe used to victimize non-members of, and dissident members of,the state religion. 18. PROFANITY Profanity (also known as swearing, cursing, foul speech, andcussing), is a show of disrespect, a desecration or debasement ofsomeone or something, or just the act of expressing intenseemotions. Profanity can take the form of words, expressions, gestures, orother social behaviours that are socially constructed or interpretedas insulting, rude, vulgar, obscene, obnoxious, foul, desecratingor other forms.