A conversation continues about the definition of the Ancient Egyptian word /nHsy/ “Nehesy”. It is my contention that /nHsy/ means or corresponds with the modern term Nubian. The opponents of this view state A.) “the meaning [of Nehesy] is obscure among early Egyptologists”, B.) “The word /nHsy/ CANNOT mean Nubian since the "Nubians" had NO concept of NUBIA, otherwise there would have been a state called NUBIA.” I respond to the claim of the obscure meaning of /nHsy/ among early Egyptologist with the following Egyptological Dictionaries; Aldof Erman Wb II S 303 /nHsj/ Nubia. Alan Gardiner page 575 /nHsy/ Nubian. E.A Wallis Budge p.389 Nehsi­Negro Raymond Faulkner p. 137 /nHsy/ Nubian In refutation of the latter claim I presented /tA nHsy/ “Nehesy Land” which was a “state”, with “cities”. Examining /tA nHsy/ in primary documents one can confirm there was a time that /tA nHsy/ was a it’s own state, rich in gold, a state individual of /kAs/ Kush, which was an entirely different kingdom. To show and prove /tA nHsy/ being a state I point to The Boundary Stele of Senwosret III. This document confirm borders that were set by Ancient Egyptians, and not by European Egyptologist. The word used for boarder in this inscription was /tAS/. A “Tash” is a boundary (Faulkner p.294). The southern border of Kemet was called the /tAS rsi/ Tash resy, lit. Boundary South. This board was expanded and withdrawn at different points in history as African tribes of /tA nHsy/ struggled against, or employed diplomacy with another African tribe who referred to themselves as /rmT/ “Remetch, ”people, i.e People of Kemet. It was because of Nubian Gold that the borders of Nubia expanded and retracted over the course of history. “The existence of gold in Nubia "may have been one of the main reasons for the colonization of Sudan by the ancient Egyptians," said Salah Mohammed Ahmed, the head of Sudan's antiquities agency. Herodotus said Egyptians colonized “most of the civilized mediterranean world”. (Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus: Hellenistic Histories and the Date By Russell Gmirkin P.35) Before presenting sources to prove what /nHsy/ means, I want all to look at a translation by James Henry Breasted to prove borders existed; 1 Southern boundary, made in the year 8, under the majesty of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Khekuer, who is given life forever 2 and ever; in order to prevent that any negro should cross it, by water or 3 by land, with a ship, (or) any herds 4 of the negro; except a negro who shall come to do trading in Iken, 5 or with a commission. Every good thing shall be done with them,

but without allowing 6 a ship of the negro to pass Heh, going downstream, forever. J. H. Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt, Part One, § 652f.

Here is a copy of the stele to read in mdw nTr. http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/texts/pics/senusret_iii_1st_semna_stela­lepsius.jpg Here is a complete analysis of The Boundry Stele of Senwoset III http://egypt­grammar.rutgers.edu/TextPDF/Boundary_Semna.pdf The first thing to note is that YES, egyptologist are guilty of dishonestly and deviously mislabeling the term /nHs/ to mean Negro, and then using the distinction found in primary documents between /rmT/ and /nHsy/ as evidence of Egyptians being other that Africans. /rmT/ were just another tribe of Africans than /nHsy/. The European misuse of primary documents is not evenly entertainable after one obtains the proper knowledge of how to read Hieroglyphs. Nevertheless the distinction between these two African tribes was drawn by /rmT/ and /nHsy/ themselves. I ponder if this was possibly the reason why the parents of the pharaoh Nehesy named him Nehesy, to affirm what we call “Nubian rule” in the land of the Remetch in 14th Dynasty. Read of Nehesy the Pharaoh of the 14th Dynasty. http://www.phouka.com/pharaoh/pharaoh/dynasties/dyn14/01nehesi.html One could propose that in the 14th dynasty the borders of Kemet were pushed in so far that /tA nHsy/ enveloped Kemet in the same way The Kushite Kingdom of the 25th Dynasty pushed the boarded for Kush in to envelope Kemet for the second time in history. We must also understand that Manetho coined the term “Dynasty” to indicate a “family of rule”. Judging from this and deducing from the name of the pharaoh Nehesy we can conclude that Nehesy’s family was of the /nHs/ Nehes People of /tA nHsy/. This appears to be common sense. Also this elementary understanding of the nature of the relations between the people of /tA nHsy/ and the /rmT/ “Egyptians” is fundamental to a proper assessment of the material. We will discuss the nature of the relations later when I am done with the meaning of the name /nHsy/ and the State of Nubia. An Egyptian Reading Book by E.A. Wallis Budge Page. 95 In the Litanies of Seker We find /nHs/ Nubia with the foreign land determinative next to /kAs/ Kush and /Khol/ a Syrian state. This clearly indicates a defined state of /tA nHsy. Boundry Stele of Senwosret III Here I will attach an analysis of the Boundary Stele of Senwosret to display the errors of the misconception that “The word /nHsy/ CANNOT mean Nubian since the "Nubians" had NO concept of NUBIA, otherwise there would have been a state called NUBIA.”. No Ancient Egyptians did not use the modern word “Nubia” but a state of Nubia can be deny in /tA nHsy/. This is what /tA nHsy/ means. /rmT/ Egyptians used /nHs/ Nehes to indicate the people of the areas that we call Nubia, and the term Nehesy is survived in the nomenclature of the Manas dialect of the Mahasi Nubians. Mahasi Nubians. Nehesy=Mahasi (m>n). For one to

gears up to argue that Nehesy cannot mean Nubian because Mahasi Nubian would be a double statement, one should ask a Mahasi Nubian what Mahasi means. In Manas dialect Mahasi means to me a TRUE Nubian or a REAL descendant of the /nHsy/. Then there is no need to ask what Nehesy­Mahasi means anymore. Nor should one deny the word of the Mahasi and say Nehesi doesn’t mean Nubia. That is the same scholastic misdeed that some accuse Europeans of. It is confirmed in the Mahas dialect that the term /nHsy/ Nehesy survives in the modern day Nubian term “Mahasi” which means TRUE NUBIAN. These people were situated in the same geographic location of /tA nHsy/, which has been shown here to be Nubia. Mahasi­Nahasi The Mahasi have moved the invisible borders of /tA nHsy/ into the area of the “Kushite Kingdom” as today Kerma is populated by Nubians. Modern day Mahasi Nubians claim Kerma but acknowledge it was an ancient Kushite capital, not a Nubian capital. So all of this guesswork into the meaning of /nHsy/ is relatively pointless if we are not willing to accept the overwhelming amount of evidence that /nHsy/ means Nubian. I did not even have to inform my reader that the Ancient Egyptian word “Nub” means Gold, and that Nub was the main resource in Ta Nehesy, or of a quarry in Ta Nehesy literally called /Hwt nbw/ House of Gold, or of the /smr nbw/ lit. Friends Gold or “My gold friends”. Anyone who looks as a map of Kom Ombo and claims it is in Egypt is using the lines of the Europeans or Arabs who control those borders now. Egyptologist possibly did not want to acknowledge their “Land of the negro” as a state or a Kingdom in their literature, and now some of us erase this Nubian land from our records as well. The Ancient Egyptian name for Kom Ombo was /Nbyt/. Egyptologist pronounce /Nbyt/ as “Nub­et” but the glyphs say “Nub­ee­et.” 3 syllables not two. This is what the primary documents call Kom Ombi /nbyt/ “Nub­ee­et.” i.e. Nub­i­a. In /tA nHsy/. True /rmT/ Egyptians enveloped this area at times, nevertheless the text indicate this still was as /tA nHsy/ a foreign land, or separate state. So we have a state of Nubia. Ask a Mahasi Nubian. Nehesi survives in the Manas Dialect of the Mahasi Nubians. “Manas[maHas, a Nubian dialect, corresponds with the name of the Nehesy pharaoh Mena, Meni or Menes. MN.” P.55 Egyptian Civilization Its Sumerian Origin & Real Chronology “To be Mahasi means to be a true Nubian, to speak a pure Nubian language and to live in the Nubian heartland.” http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200604/the.decorated.houses.of.nubia.htm I call it how I see it. I am posting my sources to show what I’ve seen on the subject. I am not an aloof scholar who acts like or submit to the thought that one must have accreditation from European establishments for his theories to be reasonably considered. Authoritative authorship

is based in the authors ability to display proficiency in his written material. “/nHsy/ Nubian” Obenga’s African philosophy: the Pharaonic period, 2780­330 B.C. p. 291 list Diop Civilization or Barbarianism p.66 had /Nhsw/ for Other people of Africa.

“Kamose calls his southern rival [nHsy]a Nubian” The Cambridge Ancient History ­ Page 296

Amenhotep II Inscription (1427–1400 BC): “His mace struck Naharin, while his bow trampled Nubia [tʾ nhsy]” Exodus: An Exegetical Commentary By Victor P. Hamilton

“the egyptian name Nehesy was formed after the country name nhs, pronounced Nehes, which is Nubia” Desi Words Speak of the Past By Dr. Liny Srinivasan Quotes From The Opponents Of The Defining /nHsy/ as Nubian; I want to post a few quotes from one of my opponents just to display his inconsistencies. Try to follow what Nehesy means to Opponet A; Opponent A on [the pharaoh named Nehesi name] ; “It is probably a totem name. Meaning that nHsy (Nkweshi) is the clan he comes from, of the direct founding line of Nkweshi. As Ausar stated, there is no consensus on the meaning of nHsy.” There we see opponent A say /nHsy/ is the clan the pharaoh Nehesy comes from. Lets go back in time and watch Ihe confuse Nubians with Kushites; Two years ago Mr.Imhotep said /nHsy/ means Kush; « Reply #18 on Aug 18, 2010, 1:31pm »“K3S/NHSY both relate to the names Kush/Cush/Kush and Nehasiu aka Ethiopians. Saying Nkesh (a, i, o), Ngesha (i, a), Ngashi, Nkashi, Nkushio, Nekesh (a, i, e), Kesh (a, i, o), Kash (a, i), Kasa/Kesa, Kosh, Kush (i) Kwisha (i) gives you a better rendering and can be matched to living languages. These ancient Kushites (Bantu speakers now belonging to the Luba family of languages) still live "south, below" ancient Ta­Mry (Kongo, Sudan, Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya).” Re: An open challenge to all E.S.R Members In fact, If you Google this nonsense ““Nehasiu aka Ethiopians” it will only lead you back to the guesswork of opponent A.. Nehasi are not Ethiopians. Mahasi are Nubians. To confirm that this is not an old view of his, read his Facebook post to a Medu Neter group

Thursday Nov. 29th 2012 at 10:19am; “It may just be another word for kAs "Kash/Kush. kAs = nHsy where k = H” My opponent clearly has no defined contention and has come to no conclusion on the matter after over two years of research between the above statements. There is one more quote; “"the idea that Nhsy means Black is not at all far fetch as in the Bantu languages (kiswahili comes to mind) the word NYEUSI means BLACK." This is called guessing. The Distinction Between /nHsy/ And /rmT/ in Primary Text It was agreed upon that the distinction between /nHsy/ Nubians and /rmT/ Egyptians was exaggerated or misused by European Egyptologist as a way to place themselves amongst one of the greatest civilizations of world history. I expound on the above trite statement by adding it has been used by certain Kemetologist as an excuse not to do the due diligence required to truly defend our stance. The due diligence here is learning to read Hieroglyphs then scrutinizing the attestations of the Egyptian and Nubian people. Those who read Hieroglyphs and oppose my thesis, that /nHsy/ means Nubian, are few. Professor Manu Anpim explains how the above comparison of /kAs/ and /nHsy/ is erroneous. Dr.Anpim, while using the term Nubia over 30 times in the following video, explained how Nubians should not be confused with Kushites. Here Dr. Anpim does not use the word /nHsy/ but instead he used the words “Nubia” and “Nubian” to signify /nHsy/. He is correct for doing so. Listen here; http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=JafHehR2KFY Looking at Dr. Anpim’s map(link below) and see the first and second cataracts are outside of what Anpim calls the Kushite Heartland. Mind you, Anpim’s map is of Ancient Kush and represents the time period of a prominent Kushite Empire. The areas of the first and second Cataracts are what is known as /tA nHsy/ or Nubia during a later time period. Kom Ombo or Nubee­et is c.a. 50 miles above the first cataract. The Boundary Stelae are found in Semba by the second Cataract. Both the “City of Gold” and /Hwt nbw/ “The House Of Gold”, are in this area of /tA nHsy/ Ta Nehesy or Nubia. The other Nubt is more northward and was the predynastic city of Naqada. Link to a map of kAS (Kush) from Dr.Ampim at: http://sphotos­a.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos­prn1/66178_10151293419770832_480899699_n.jpg

My argument to show an existing state of Nubia doesn't need to go much further. When me mention /tA sty/ Ta Seti we can refer to Dr.Ben’s work on the matter. Black Man of the Nile: And His Family By Yosef Ben­Jochannan p.115. Dr.Ben speaks on the division between Ta Seti and Ta Nehesy. Dr.Ben disdains eurocentric scholars who stop Ta Nehesy at Aswan. His stance is that Ta Nehesi was the original Nubia. I agree. The Inscription Of Uni/Weni. The Primary is in Cairo Museum, No. 1435. Below is a link to a copy of the inscription. Lines 14­16 contain the term /nHs/ or /nHs.w/. are the initial lines we will scrutinize. The term /nHs/ nehesy, the grammatical construct of the sentence, and the determinatives that follow the word are in question. http://www.rostau.org.uk/weni.ael/inscript/inscrip2.htm For those who cannot Identify /nHs/ and it’s determinatives, use the following link. Go to line 15 reading from left to right, then find the three seated(or kneeling or crouching) figures with a feather on top of their heads. The preceding three glyphs(from left to right) are /nHs/ Nehes. The three seated figures add a ­w suffix rendering /nHs.w/. http://www.rostau.org.uk/weni.ael/hieropge/weni_p2.htm For a translation see http://www.touregypt.net/inscriptionofweni.htm the line we are scrutinizing was translated by Egyptologist “Irthet negroes, the Mazoi negroes, the Yam negroes, among the Wawat negroes, among the Kau negroes, and in the land of Temeh.” Egyptologist have since corrected this and they now insert Nubian for /nHsy/. Now, before even speaking on Egyptian Grammar we can see in English that the distinction is drawn between the cities and not the people of the cities. the only distinction made between the people here is the cities they live in. With out the names of the cities we will just have /nHs.w/. So why must I go into the mdw nTr to display that? That is obvious. I will do it in order to make sure this case is closed. . I explained that in this inscription Uni did not make distinction between the people in the land of Nehesy other than naming their city names. He said the same people after each city. The “wawet” are not a people. The “Yam” are not a people. Those are location occupied by /nHsy/ as Uni indicates. The point being made by Uni in lines 14­16 was where he traveled to to get /nHsy/ Nubians for an Army. My opponent's reply was that “/nHs/ was being used as an adjective or a genitive” in lines 14­16 of The Inscription of Uni. I don't think he realized the grammatical construct of this sentence does not affect the definition of the word /nHs/. Lesson 79 Alan Gardiner states ­Y suffix is used to form adjectives of nouns. We see no ­y on /nHs/ but it is in

the adverbial position. This is evidence to my case, e.g. Noun­uAuAt Adjective­nehes means Wawet Nubians. Noun­iAm Adjective­nehes mean Yam Nubians. Noun­iryT.t Adjective­nehes means Aritet Nubians. The transliteration by Mark Vygus reads; iri.n Hm=f mSa n.i Dba.w aSA.w m Sma.w mrw­qd=f xnt.i m Abw mH.w.t m mdn.i.t m tA­mH.w m gs.wi prw mrw­qd=sni m sDr [15] m Xnw inb.w sDr m nHs.i.w irT.t, m nHs.i.w DA, m nHs.i.w iAm m nHs.i.w wAwA.t, m nHs.i.w kAAw, m tA­TmH” Translation from http://www.rostau.org.uk/weni.ael/comment/p2comnt.htm; "His majesty made an army of many tens of thousands, from all of Upper Egypt, south to Yebu, north to Medenit, from Lower Egypt, to "Two­sides­of­the­House" (the Delta)" from Sedjer to Khen­sediru from the Irtjet­Nubians, the Medja­Nubians, the Yam­Nubians, from the Wawat­Nubians, from the Kaau­Nubians,from Tjemeh­land.” My point is clear and cannot be avoided. The distinction is between the towns and locations where Uni summons Nubians. That is clear to see. When looking at an E.A. wallis Budge facsimile called The Inscription of Unas, the determinatives used by Budge could not be found on Gardiner’s sign list. I pointed to the Jsesh sign list, which my one said he was viewing but count not find the Glyphs. The seated figures used as determinitives could be Gardiner C107A, or C164D, or B5B, or C12E, or C54, from the extended sign list at http://renfield.physics.utah.edu/wiki/index.php/%28JSesh%29_Extended_Gardiner_Sign_List First we must identify the determinative and why the determinative for /nHs/ was selected. All of the above determinative candidates allude to some sort of tribal or fraternal affiliation among the people described as /nHs.w/ Nehes. The feather could represents a tribal feather worn by /nHsy.w/ Nehesiu at the time of Uni. The Mark Vygus dictionary defines “nHsyw” as “Chief of the Nubians”. Regardless Uni made a distinction between the cities, not the people of /tA nHsy/ Nubia. For the transliteration of Line 14­16 See http://www.rostau.org.uk/weni.ael/comment/p2comnt.htm#anchor133350 To make your own translation one can use Mark Vygus’s dictionary here. http://www.pyramidtextsonline.com/documents/VygusDictionaryApril2012.pdf

Download the dictionary to perform word searches. The transliteration by Mark Vygus reads iri.n Hm=f mSa n.i Dba.w aSA.w m Sma.w mrw­qd=f xnt.i m Abw mH.w.t m mdn.i.t m tA­mH.w m gs.wi prw mrw­qd=sni m sDr [15] m Xnw inb.w sDr m nHs.i.w irT.t, m nHs.i.w DA, m nHs.i.w iAm” Translation from http://www.rostau.org.uk/weni.ael/comment/p2comnt.htm; "His majesty made an army of many tens of thousands, from all of Upper Egypt, south to Yebu, north to Medenit, from Lower Egypt, to "Two­sides­of­the­House" (the Delta)" from Sedjer to Khen­sediru from the Irtjet­Nubians, the Medja­Nubians, the Yam­Nubians, from the Wawat­Nubians, from the Kaau­Nubians,from Tjemeh­land.” We see Uni list 5 different towns of Nubias and he calls the people all by one name; /nHs.w/ Nubians. Peace, Yahya Mahasen, the #Rapgod