1

Conversions1. Statethefollowingmeasuredquantitiesinthe

unitsindicated.a. 5.2cmofmagnesiumribboninmillilitersb. 0.049kgofsulphuringramsc. 1.60mLofethanolinmicrolitersd. 0.0025gofvitaminAinmicrogramse. 0.020kgoftininmilligramsf. 3kLofsalinesolutioninliters

2. Statethefollowingmeasuredquantitiesintheunitsindicated.

a. 150mgofaspiriningramsb. 2500mLofaspirininlitersc. 0.5gofsodiuminkilogramsd. 55Lofcarbondioxidegasinkiloliterse. 35mmincentimetersf. 8740minkilolitersg. 209nminmillimetersh. 500000μginkilograms

3. ThegreatestdistancebetweentheEarthandsunduringEarth’srevolutionis152millionkilometers.Whatisthedistanceinmegameters?

4. Howmanymillilitersofwaterwillittaketofilla2.00Lbottlethatalreadycontains1.87Lofwater?

5. Apieceofcopperwireis150cmlong.Howlongisthewireinmillimeters?Howmany50mmsegmentsofwirecanbecutfromthelength?

6. Theladleatanironfactorycanhold8500kgofmolteniron;646metrictonsofironareneededtomaketherails.Howmanyladlefulsofironwillittaketomake646metrictonsofiron?(1metricton=1000kg)

7. Statethefollowingmeasuredquantitiesintheunitsindicated.

a. 310000cm3ofconcreteincubicmetersb. 6.5m2ofsteelsheetinsquare

centimetersc. 0.035m3ofchlorineincubiccentimetersd. 0.49cm2ofcopperinsquaremillimeterse. 1200dm3ofaceticacidsolutionincubic

metersf. 87.5mm3ofactiniumincubiccentimetersg. 250000cm2ofpolyethylenesheetin

squaremeters8. Howmanypalisadecellsfromplantleaveswould

fitinavolumeof1.0cm3ofcellsiftheaveragevolumeofapalisadecellis0.0147mm3?

9. Converteachofthefollowingquantitiestotherequiredunit.

a. 12.75Mmtokilometersb. 277cmtometersc. 30560m2tohectares(1ha=10000m2)d. 81.9cm2tosquaremeterse. 300000kmtomegameters

10. Converteachofthefollowingquantitiestotherequiredunit.

a. 0.62kmtometersb. 3857gtomilligramsc. 0.0036mLtomicrolitersd. 0.342metrictonstokg(1metricton=

1000kg)e. 68.71kLtoliters

ANSWERS1. a. 52mm b. 49g c. 1600µL d. 2500µg e. 20000mg f. 3000L2. a. 0.15g b. 2.5L c. 0.0005kg d. 0.055kL e. 3.5cm f. 8.74km g. 0.000209mm h. 0.0005kg3. 152000Mm4. 130mL5. 1500mm;30pieces6. 76ladlefuls

7. a. 0.31m³ b. 65000cm² c. 35000cm³ d. 49mm² e. 1.2m³ f. 0.0875cm³ g. 25m²8. 68027cells9. a. 12750m b. 2.77m c. 3.056hectares d. 0.00819m² e. 300Mm10. a. 620m b. 3875000mg c. 3.6µL d. 342kg e. 68710L

2

SignificantFigures1. Determinethenumberofsignificantfiguresinthe

followingmeasurements.a. 640cm3 b.200.0mLc. 0.5200g d.1.005kge. 10000L f.20.900cmg.0.00000056g/L h.0.04002kgi. 790001cm2 j.665.000m

2.Performthefollowingcalculations,andexpresstheresultinthecorrectunitsandnumberofsignificantfigures.

a. 47.0m÷2.2s b. 140cmx35cm c. 5.88kg÷200m3 d. 0.0050m2x0.042m e. 300.3L÷180.s f. 33.00cm2x2.70cm g. 35000kJ÷0.250min 3.Performthefollowingcalculations,andexpressthe

resultinthecorrectunitsandnumberofsignificantfigures.

a.22.0m+5.28m+15.5m b.0.042kg+1.229kg+0.502kg c. 170cm2+3.5cm2–28cm2 d.0.003L+0.0048L+0.100L e.24.50dL+4.30dL+10.2dL f. 3200mg+325mg–688mg g.14000kg+8000kg+590kg

4.Determinethenumberofsignificantfiguresinthefollowingmeasurements.

a. 0.0120m b. 100.5m c. 101g d. 350cm2 e. 0.97km f. 1000kg g. 180.mm h. 0.4936L i. 0.020700s

5.Roundthefollowingquantitiestothespecifiednumberofsignificantfigures. a. 5487129mtothreesignificantfigures b. 0.013479265mLtosixsig.figures c. 31947.972cm2tofoursignificantfigures d. 192.6739m2tofivesignificantfigures e. 786.9164cmtotwosignificantfigures f. 389277600Jtosixsignificantfigures g. 225834.762tosevensignificantfigures

6.Performthefollowingcalculations,andexpresstheresultinthecorrectunitsandnumberofsignificantfigures. a. 651cmx75cm b. 7.835kg÷2.5L c. 14.75L÷1.20s d. 360cmx51cmx9.07cm e. 5.18mx0.77mx10.22m f. 34.95g÷11.169cm3 7.Performthefollowingcalculations,andexpresstheresultinthecorrectunitsandnumberofsignificantfigures. a. 7.945J+82.3J–0.02J b. 0.0012m–0.00045m–0.00011m c. 500g+432g+2g d. 31.2kPa+0.0035kPA–0.147kPA e. 312dL–31.2dL–3.12dL f. 1701kg+50kg+43kg

8.Arectanglemeasures87.59cmby35.1mm.Expressitsareawiththepropernumberofsignificantfiguresinthespecifiedunit.

a.incm2 b.inmm2 c.inm2 9.Aboxmeasures900.mmby31.5mmby6.3cm.Stateitsvolumewiththepropernumberofsignificantfiguresinthespecifiedunit.

a.incm3 b.inm3 c.inmm3

ANSWERS1. a. 2 b. 4 c. 4 d. 4 e. 1 f. 5 g. 2 h. 4 i. 6 j. 62. a. 21m/s b. 4900cm² c. 0.03kg/m³ d. 0.00021m³ e. 1.67L/s f. 89.1cm³ g. 140000kJ/min3. a. 42.8m b. 1.773kg

c. 150cm² d. 0.108L e. 39.0dL f. 2800mg g. 23000kg4. a. 3 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2 e. 2 f. 1 g. 3 h. 4 i. 55. a. 5490000m b. 0.0134793mL c. 31950cm² d. 192.67m² e. 790cm f. 389278000J

g. 225834.8cm³6. a. 49000cm² b. 3.1kg/L c. 12.3L/s d. 170000cm³ e. 41m³ f. 3.129g/cm³7. a. 90.2J b. 0.0006m c. 900g d. 31.1kPa e. 278dL f. 1790kg8. a. 307cm² b. 30700mm² c. 0.0307m²9. a. 1800cm³ b. 0.0018m³ c. 1800000mm³

3

ScientificNotation1. Expressthefollowingquantitiesinscientificnotation.

a. 8800000000mb. 0.0015kgc. 0.00000000006kg/m3d. 8002000Hze. 0.009003Af. 70000000000000000kmg. 6028Lh. 0.2105gi. 600005000kJ/hj. 33.8m2

2. Carryoutthefollowingcalculations.Expresstheresultsinscientificnotationandwiththecorrectnumberofsignificantfigures.a. 4.74x104km+7.71x103km+1.05x103kmb. 2.75x10-4m+8.03x10-5m+2.122x10-3mc. 4.0x10-5m3+6.85x10-6m3–1.05x10-5m3d. 3.15x102mg+3.15x103mg+3.15x104mge. 3.01x1022atoms+1.19x1023atoms+9.80x1021atomsf. 6.85x107nm+4.0229x108nm–8.38x106nm

3. Carryoutthefollowingcomputationsandexpresstheresultinscientificnotation.a. 7.20x103cmx8.08x103cmb. 3.7x104mmx6.6x104mmx9.89x103mmc. 8.27x102mx2.5x10-3mx3.00x10-4md. 4.44x10-35mx5.55x1019mx7.69x10-12kge. 6.55x104dmx7.89x109dmx4.01893x105dm

4. Carryoutthefollowingcomputationsandexpresstheresultinscientificnotation.a. 2.290x107cm÷4.44x103sb. 1.788x10-5L÷7.111x10-3m2c. 5.515x104L÷6.04x103kmd. 3.29x10-4km÷1.48x10-2mine. 4.73x10-4g÷(2.08x10-3kmx5.60x10-4km)

5. Expressthefollowingquantitiesinscientificnotation.a. 158000kmb. 0.000009783Lc. 837100000cm3d. 6500000000mm2e. 0.00593gf. 0.00000000613mg. 12552000Jh. 0.000008004g/Li. 0.010995kgj. 1050000000Hz

6. Carryoutthefollowingcalculations.Expresstheresultsinscientificnotationandwiththecorrectnumberofsignificantfigures.a. 1.54x10-1L÷2.36x10-4sb. 3.890x104mmx4.71x102mm2c. 9.571x103kg÷3.82x10-1m2d. 8.33x103km÷1.97x102se. 9.36x102mx3.82x103mx9.01x10-1mf. 6.377x104J÷7.35x10-3s

ANSWERS1. a. 8.8x109m b. 1.5x10-3kg c. 6x10-11kg/m³ d. 8.002x106Hz e. 9.003x10-3A f. 7x1016km g. 6.028x103L h. 2.105x10-1g i. 6.00005x108kJ/h j. 3.38x101m²2. a. 5.62x104km b. 2.477x10-3m c. 3.6x10-5m3 d. 3.50x104mg

e. 1.59x1023atoms f. 4.624x108nm3. a. 5.82x107cm2 b. 2.4x1013mm3 c. 6.2x10-4m3 d. 1.89x10-26kg·m2 e. 2.08x1020dm34. a. 5.29x103cm/s b. 2.514x10-3L/m2 c. 9.13L/km d. 2.22x10-2km/min e. 4.06x102g/km25. a. 1.58x105km b. 9.782x10-6L

c. 8.371x108cm3 d. 6.5x109mm2 e. 5.93x10-3g f. 6.13x10-9m g. 1.2552x107J h. 8.004x10-6g/L i. 1.0995x10-2kg j. 1.05x109Hz6. a. 6.53x102L/s b. 1.83x107mm3 c. 2.51x104kg/m2 d. 4.23x101km/s e. 3.22x106m3 f. 8.68x106J/s

4

FormulaManipulation

5

ManipulatingFormulas#2Solveforxintheequationsbelow.1.s=ax-t 2.s=ar–x 3.g=x2a+n 4.a=b–kx

5.b=ha+x2

6.t=byax

7.t=bxay

8.a=b–dx

9.u=t+vx2

10.q=px-r

11.q=xr+ p

12.h=f-ax

ANSWERS1.x=s+t a2.x=ar–s 3.x=±√g-n a4.x=-a+b k

5.x=±√b-ha

6.x=atby

7.x=tbay

8.x=-a+b

d

9.x=±√u-t v10.x=qp+rpORx=p(q+r) 11.x=r q-p12.x=-ah+afORx=-a(h-f)

6

Lab-TheThicknessofanAluminumSheetPurpose: Tomathematicallydeterminethethicknessofanaluminumsheet.Materials: Aluminumfoil(2thicknesses) Metricruler BalanceBackgroundInformation: DensityofAluminumè2.70g/cm3

D=Vm

A=l×w V=l×w×hPrelabQuestions: 1.Whatisthevolumeofablockthathasthedimensions: L=8.20cm,W=2.25cm,H=1.00cm?

2.Ifthedensityofasubstanceis0.525g/cm3andthevolumeofasampleofthissubstanceis18.25cm3,whatisthemassofthissample?

3.Apieceofpaperisknowntohaveanareaof30.2cm2andhasavolumeof5.2×10-3cm3.Whatisthethicknessofthepaper?

Procedure:1.Useyourrulertofindthelengthandwidthofthealuminumsheetyouhavebeenprovidedwith. 2.Usethebalancetofindthemassofyouraluminumsheet. 3.Repeatthesestepswithyoursecondpieceofaluminumfoil.

Sheet Length(cm) Width(cm) Mass(g)Thin Thick

4.Usetheinformationthatyouhavecalculatedinthefirstchartinordertofilloutthesecondchart.

Sheet Area(cm2) Volume(cm3) Thickness(cm)Thin Thick

Post-LabQuestions:

1.Couldthismethodbeusedtodeterminethethicknessofanoilspill?Whatinformationwouldbeneeded?2.Averythinlayerofgoldplatingwasplacedonametaltrythatmeasured25.22cmby13.22cm.Thegoldplatingincreasedthemassoftheplateby0.0512g.Calculatethethicknessoftheplating.Thedensityofgoldis19.32g/cm3.3.Bymistake,oneliter(1000cm3)ofoilwasdumpedintoaswimmingpoolthatmeasures25.0mby30.0m.Thedensityoftheoilwas0.750g/cm3.Howthickwastheresultingoilslick?

7

NamingIonicCompounds

A. Writethepropernameforeachofthefollowing.1. BaF2 2. FeCl33. Ag2C2O4 4. Cr(ClO)35. Li3PO4 6. Na2O7. Mn(HS)2 8. KNO29. Sn(CH3COO)4 10. CaO

B. Writeachemicalformulaforeachofthefollowingcompounds.1. Bariumnitrate 2. Lead(II)acetate3. Magnesiumsulphite 4. Mercury(I)sulphate5. Iron(II)phosphate 6. Iron(III)phosphate7. Lithiumbisulphate 8. Copper(II)oxalate9. Copper(I)dichromate 10. Chromium(III)chromate11. Tin(IV)bicarbonate 12. Ammoniumsulphate

ANSWERSA. 1. Bariumfluoride 2. Iron(III)chloride 3. Silveroxalate 4. Chromium(III)hypochlorite 5. Lithiumphosphate 6. Sodiumoxide 7. Manganese(II)bisulfide 8. Potassiumnitrite 9. Tin(IV)acetate 10. CalciumoxideB. 1. Ba(NO3)2 2. Pb(CH3COO)2 3. MgSO3 4. Hg2SO4 5. Fe3(PO4)2 6. FePO4 7. LiHSO4 8. Cr2(CrO4)3 9. Sn(HCO3)4 10. (NH4)2SO4

8

MixedNaming-IonicandMolecularCompounds

Givethenamesforthesecompounds:

1) Na2CO3 2) NaOH 3) MgBr2 4) CO 5) ICl 6) KNO2 7) FeCl2 8) OCl2 9) FeCl3 10) Zn(OH)2 11) BeSO3 12) CrF2 13) CCl4 14) Al2S3 15) PbO 16) SI3 17) Li3PO4 18) CO2 19) Ti(HCO3)4 20) Co3N221) NBr3 22) Mg3P2 23) SeCl2 24) P4O10 25) N2O3 26) CS2 27) P2O5 28) SO3 29) Ga(NO3)3 30) Ag2SO4 31) SF6 32) NH4OH 33) Al2(CO3)3 34) Be(CH3COO)2

Givetheformulaforthefollowingcompounds:

1) magnesiumnitrate2) dinitrogenpentoxide3) lead(II)sulfate4) calciumnitrite5) tetraphosphorusdecoxide6) ammoniumsulfate7) silverbicarbonate8) phosphorustrichloride9) aluminumsulfide10) berylliumchloride11) copper(I)arsenide12) iron(III)oxide13) dinitrogenmonoxide14) galliumnitride15) carbonmonoxide16) iron(II)bromide17) dinitrogentrioxide18) vanadium(V)phosphate19) calciumoxide20) silicondioxide21) magnesiumacetate22) aluminumsulfite23) telluriumtrioxide24) copper(I)carbonate25) ammoniumoxide26) bariumchlorate27) carbontetrachloride28) silverbromide29) lead(IV)nitrate30) carbondisulfide

9

ANSWERS

Givethenamesforthesecompounds:

1) Na2CO3 sodiumcarbonate 2) NaOH sodiumhydroxide 3) MgBr2 magnesiumbromide 4) CO carbonmonoxide 5) ICl iodinemonochloride 6) KNO2 potassiumnitrite 7) FeCl2 iron(II)chloride 8) OCl2 oxygendichloride 9) FeCl3 iron(III)chloride 10) Zn(OH)2 zinchydroxide 11) BeSO3 berylliumsulfite 12) CrF2 chromium(II)fluoride 13) CCl4 carbontetrachloride 14) Al2S3 aluminumsulfide 15) PbO lead(II)oxide 16) SI3 sulfurtriiodide 17) Li3PO4 lithiumphosphate 18) CO2 carbondioxide 19) Ti(HCO3)4 titanium(IV)bicarbonate20) Co3N2 cobalt(II)nitride21) NBr3 nitrogentribromide 22) Mg3P2 magnesiumphosphide23) SeCl2 seleniumdichloride 24) P4O10 tetraphosphorusdecoxide25) N2O3 dinitrogentrioxide 26) CS2 carbondisulfide 27) P2O5 diphosphorouspentoxide 28) SO3 sulfurtrioxide 29) Ga(NO3)3 galliumnitrate 30) Ag2SO4 silversulfate 31) SF6 sulfurhexafluoride 32) NH4OH ammoniumhydroxide 33) Al2(CO3)3 aluminumcarbonate 34) Be(CH3COO)2berylliumacetate

Givetheformulaforthefollowingcompounds:

1) magnesiumnitrate Mg(NO3)22) dinitrogenpentoxide N2O53) lead(II)sulfate PbSO44) calciumnitrite Ca(NO2)25) tetraphosphorusdecoxide P4O106) ammoniumsulfate (NH4)2SO47) silverbicarbonate AgHCO38) phosphorustrichloride PCl39) aluminumsulfide Al2S310) berylliumchloride BeCl211) copper(I)arsenide Cu3As12) iron(III)oxide Fe2O313) dinitrogenmonoxide N2O14) galliumnitride GaN15) carbonmonoxide CO16) iron(II)bromide FeBr217) dinitrogentrioxide N2O318) vanadium(V)phosphate V3(PO4)519) calciumoxide CaO20) silicondioxide SiO221) magnesiumacetate Mg(CH3COO)222) aluminumsulfite Al2(SO3)323) telluriumtrioxide TeO324) copper(I)carbonate Cu2CO325) ammoniumoxide (NH4)2O26) bariumchlorate Ba(ClO3)227) carbontetrachloride CCl428) silverbromide AgBr29) lead(IV)nitrate Pb(NO3)430) carbondisulfide CS2

10

OrganicChemistry:Alkanes

Copythefollowingtableintoyournotesandthencompletethetable:

Name MolecularFormula

StructuralFormula CondensedStructuralFormula

Methane

CH4

CH4

CH3–CH2–CH3

Butane

C6H14

CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3

11

ANSWERS

Name MolecularFormula

StructuralFormula CondensedStructuralFormula

Methane

CH4

CH4

Ethane

C2H6

CH3–CH3

Propane

C3H8

CH3–CH2–CH3

Butane

C4H10

CH3–CH2–CH2–CH3

Hexane

C6H14

CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2-CH3

Heptane

C7H16

CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3

12

Alkanes-Namethefollowingcompounds.1. 2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13

13. 14.

15. 16.

17. 18.

19. 20.

ANSWERS1. 3-methylpentane 2. 2,3-dimethylpentane3. 2-methylpentane 4. 3,3-diethylhexane5. 4-ethylheptane 6. 3,4-dimethylheptane7. 4-ethyl-5-propyloctane 8. 4-ethyl-2,3,4-trimethylheptane9. 4-ethyl-3,3,4-trimethylheptane 10. 2,2,3-trimethylpentane11. 6-ethyl-4-methyl-5,5,6-tripropyldecane 12. 4-ethyl-3-methyl-4-propyloctane13. 5-ethyl-5,6,6-trimethyldecane 14. 3,4-diethyl-5-methyl-5-propyloctane15. 4-ethyl-4,6-dimethyl-5-propylnonane 16. 4,5,5-triethyl-3-methyl-4-propyloctane17. 3-methylhexane 18. 5-ethyl-3,4,4-trimethyl-5-propyloctane19. 3-ethyl-4,5-dipropyloctane 20. 4,6-diethyl-4,6,7-trimethyl-5,5-dipropyldecane

14

Alkenes-Namethefollowingcompounds.1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11. 12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

ANSWERS1. 1-ethene 2. 2-methyl-1-propene3. 1,2-propadiene 4. 2-methyl-1-propene5. 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene 6. 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene7. 2,3,3-trimethyl-1-butene 8. 2-butene9. 2-methyl-2-butene 10. 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene11. 1,2-butadiene 12. cis1,3-butadiene13. trans1,3-butadiene 14. 1-pentene15. 3-methyl-1-pentene 16. 4-methyl-1-pentene17. 2,4-dimethyl-1-pentene 18. 3,3-dimethyl-1-pentene19. 3,4-dimethyl-1-pentene 20. 3-ethyl-1-pentene

15

Alkenes&Alkynes-Namethefollowingcompounds.1. 2.

3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

Drawthecondensedmolecularformulaforthefollowingorganiccompounds:

1.3-octene 2.2,4-dimethyl-2-pentene

3.4-ethyl-3-methyl-2-hexene 4.2-methyl-1-propene

5.3,4-diethyl-1-hexyne 6.5-ethyl-4-propyl-2-heptyne

ANSWERS:1. 2-hexene 2. 2-methyl-2-butene3. 3,3-dimethyl-1-pentene 4. 4-ethyl-2-hexene5. 3-methyl-1-butyne 6. 4-methyl-2-hexyne7. trans3,4-dimethyl-3-hexene 8. cis3,4-dimethyl-3-hexene 9. 1-pentyne 10. 2,4-dimethyl-3-hexene1. 2.

3.

4.

5. 6.

16

FC1-MakingObservationsfromaChemicalReactionPurpose:Toexaminethereactionsbetweensolidaluminumandanaqueouscopper(II)chloridesolution. Topredictandwriteabalancedequationfromthereactionofsolidaluminumandanaqueouscopper

(II)chloridesolution.Materials:ChunkofAluminum

Copper(II)chlorideDistilledWater

StirringRod 250mLbeaker

ElectronicBalanceWeighBoatGraduatedCylinderThermometer

Procedure: 1.Getapairofsafetyglassesandkeepthemonthroughoutthelab.

2.Obtainapieceofaluminum. 3.Obtainaweighboatandheadtoanelectronicbalance.Placetheweighboatonthebalanceand

pressthe‘TARE/ZERO’button.MeasureoutEXACTLY1.35gofcopper(II)chloride.GoslowlyandNEVERreturnextrachemicalsbackintothestockbottle!

***Whywouldyoubeaskedtohitthe‘TARE/ZERO’button?***4.Placethecopper(II)chlorideintoyour250mLbeakerandthenuseagraduatedcylindertomeasureandaddexactly50.0mLofdistilledwater.Stirthesolutionusingyourstirringrod.

5.Makeasmanyqualitativeandquantitativeobservationsasyoucanandrecordtheminthetablebelow.

6.Carefullyplacethepieceofaluminumintothecopper(II)chloridesolutionandagainmakeasmanyqualitativeandquantitativeobservationsasyoucaninatablesimilartotheonebelow.Forobservations,considerthematerialsthatyouarebeingprovidedwith.Letthereactionoccurfor15-20minutesbeforeclean-up.

7.Todisposeofyoursolution,carefullypourallofyourmaterialsintothecontainerlabeled‘waste’thatisfoundinthefumehood.

8.Cleanupallofyourglasswareandyourworkarea. 9.Answertheanalysisquestionsprovided.Observations:

Before AfterQualitativeObservations

QuantitativeObservations

Analysis:

1. Duringtheexperiment,whattypeofreactionoccurred?2. Writeabalancedreactionforthisexperiment(donotincludewaterasoneofthereactants).3. DoesthisexperimentdemonstratetheLawofConservationofMass?Howcanyoutell?4. Whathappenedtothetemperatureduringthisexperiment?Isthisanexampleofan

endothermicreactionoranexothermicreaction?Explain.5. Whatwasthebrownishprecipitatethatwasfoundinyourbeakerattheconclusionofthelab?

17

WritingandBalancingEquations

1. Manganese(IV)oxidereactswithhydrogenmonochloridetoproducemanganese(II)chloride,water,andchlorine.

2. Phosphorousreactswithhydrogensulphateandproduceshydrogenphosphate,sulphurdioxide,anddihydrogenmonoxide.

3. Carbonmonoxidereactswithiron(III)oxidetomakeironandcarbondioxide.

4. Hydrogenperchloratereactswithtetraphosphorousdecaoxidetocreatehydrogenphosphateand

dichlorineheptaoxide.

5. Calciumphosphidereactswithwatertomakecalciumhydroxideandphosphoroustrihydride.

6. 3-methyl-4-octynereactswithoxygentoproducecarbondioxideanddihydrogenmonoxide.

7. Copperreactswithhydrogennitratetoproducecopper(II)nitrate,nitrogenmonoxideandwater.

8. Iron(III)oxalatedecomposesandformsiron(II)oxalateandcarbondioxide.

9. Carbonreactswithhydrogennitratetomakenitrogendioxide,carbondioxideandwater.

10. Potassiumchromatereactswithhydrogenmonochlorideandproducespotassiumchloride,chromium(III)chloride,dihydrogenmonoxide,andchlorine.

11. Iron(III)chloridereactswithdihydrogenmonosulfidetoproduceiron(II)chloride,hydrogen

monochlorideandsulphur.ANSWERS1.MnO2+4HCl→MnCl2+2H2O+Cl2

2.P4+10H2SO4→4H3PO4+10SO2+4H2O

3.3CO+Fe2O3→2Fe+3CO2

4.12HClO4+P4O10→4H3PO4+6Cl2O7

5.Ca3P2+6H2O→3Ca(OH)2+2PH3

6.C9H16+13O2→9CO2+8H2O

7.3Cu+8HNO3→3Cu(NO3)2+2NO+4H2O

8.Fe2(C2O4)3→2FeC2O4+2CO2

9.C+4HNO3→4NO2+CO2+2H2O10.2K2CrO4+16HCl→4KCl+2CrCl3+8H2O+3Cl211. 16FeCl3+8H2S→16FeCl2+16HCl+S8

18

Writetheformulaequations,balanceandstatethetypeofreaction.1.Ironreactswithoxygentoformiron(III)oxide.2.Zincreactswithlead(II)nitratetoformleadandzincnitrate.3.Pentaneisburnedinthepresenceofoxygentoformcarbondioxideandwater.4.Ammoniumsulfidereactswithzincchloridetoformammoniumchlorideandzincsulfide.5.Galliumreactswithhydrogenbromidetoformgalliumbromideandhydrogen.6.Sodiumbicarbonatereactstoformsodiumcarbonate,carbondioxideandwater.7.Magnesiumphosphatereactswithpotassiumhydroxidetoformmagnesiumhydroxideandpotassiumphosphate.8.Lithiumhydroxidereactswithiron(III)nitratetoformiron(III)hydroxideandlithiumnitrate.9.Propenegasisburnedinthepresenceofoxygentoformcarbondioxideandwater.10.Aluminumcarbonatereactswithsodiumperchloratetoformaluminumperchlorateandsodiumcarbonate.ANSWERS1.4Fe+3O2"2Fe2O3 synthesis2Zn+Pb(NO3)2"Pb+Zn(NO3)2 singlereplacement3.C5H12+8O2"5CO2+6H2O combustion4.(NH4)2S+ZnCl2"2NH4Cl+ZnS doublereplacement5.2Ga+6HBr"2GaBr3+3H2 singlereplacement6.2NaHCO3→Na2CO3+CO2+H2O decomposition7.Mg3(PO4)2+6KOH"3Mg(OH)2+2K3PO4 doublereplacement8.3LiOH+Fe(NO3)3"Fe(OH)3+3LiNO3 doublereplacement9.2C3H6+9O2"6CO2+6H2O combustion10.Al2(CO3)3+6NaClO4"2Al(ClO4)3+3Na2CO3 doublereplacement

19

Writing,IdentifyingandBalancingEquationsCompletethefollowingequations,balancethem,andidentifythetypeofreaction.1) Mg+O22) Zn+H2SO43) Na+I24) C5H12+O25) Al(OH)3+HCl6) Zn+O27) Al+PbCl28) AgNO3+Na2CrO49) Al2O310) Al2O3+HNO311) Al+CuSO412) Cl2+KBr13) Ba+H2SO414) Li+FeCl315) Ca(OH)2+H3PO416) NiSO4+Na2CO317) Pb(OH)2+HCl18) FeCl3+Ca(OH)219) CH4+O220) Fe2O3+CaF221) C8H18+O222) NaOH+HNO323) Ag+H2SO424) Ba(OH)2+H2CO325) C3H7OH+O226) CaO+HNO327) C2H5OC2H5+O228) Pb(NO3)2+Na2CrO429) Ba+F230) Ca+HCl31) Ca(OH)2+H3PO432) Ba+HNO333) MnCl2+H2S34) Al+Br235) KCl+H2SO4

20

ANSWERS1) 2Mg+O2"2MgO Synthesis2) Zn+H2SO4"ZnSO4+H2 SingleReplacement3) 2Na+I2"2NaI Synthesis4) C5H12+8O2"5CO2+6H2O Combustion5) Al(OH)3+3HCl"3H2O+AlCl3 DoubleReplacement6) 2Zn+O2"2ZnO Synthesis7) 2Al+3PbCl2"3Pb+2AlCl3 SingleReplacement8) 2AgNO3+Na2CrO4"Ag2CrO4+2NaNO3 DoubleReplacement9) 2Al2O3"4Al+3O2 Decomposition10) Al2O3+6HNO3"2Al(NO3)3+3H2O DoubleReplacement11) 2Al+3CuSO4"Al2(SO4)3+3Cu SingleReplacement12) Cl2+2KBr"2KCl+Br2 SingleReplacement13) Ba+H2SO4"BaSO4+H2 SingleReplacement14) 3Li+FeCl3"Fe+3LiCl SingleReplacement15) 3Ca(OH)2+2H3PO4"Ca3(PO4)2+6H2O DoubleReplacement16) NiSO4+Na2CO3"NiCO3+Na2SO4 DoubleReplacement17) Pb(OH)2+2HCl"PbCl2+2H2O DoubleReplacement18) 2FeCl3+3Ca(OH)2"2Fe(OH)3+3CaCl2 DoubleReplacement19) CH4+2O2"CO2+2H2O Combustion20) Fe2O3+3CaF2"2FeF3+3CaO DoubleReplacement21) 2C8H18+25O2"16CO2+18H2O Combustion22) NaOH+HNO3"NaNO3+H2O DoubleReplacement23) 2Ag+H2SO4"Ag2SO4+H2 SingleReplacement24) Ba(OH)2+H2CO3"BaCO3+2H2O DoubleReplacement25) 2C3H7OH+9O2"6CO2+8H2O Combustion26) CaO+2HNO3"Ca(NO3)2+H2O DoubleReplacement27) C2H5OC2H5+6O2"4CO2+5H2O Combustion28) Pb(NO3)2+Na2CrO4"PbCrO4+2NaNO3 DoubleReplacement29) Ba+F2"BaF2 Synthesis30) Ca+2HCl"H2+CaCl2 SingleReplacement31) 3Ca(OH)2+2H3PO4"Ca3(PO4)2+6H2O DoubleReplacement32) Ba+2HNO3"Ba(NO3)2+H2 SingleReplacement33) MnCl2+H2S"MnS+2HCl DoubleReplacement34) 2Al+3Br2"2AlBr3 Synthesis35) 2KCl+H2SO4"K2SO4+2HCl DoubleReplacement

21

UnitAnalysisSolveeachofthefollowingproblemsbeingcarefultoshowallunits.Thedataatthebottomofthepagewillhelpyouinsolvingtheseproblems.1. 180eggs= doz. 2. 75.0s= hr.3. 1.00barrel= L. 4. 100g= lb.5. 20.0ft.= m. 6. 1.00oz.= g7. 1.00cup= mL 8. 100ft.= km9. 5.00gal.= L 10. 2.00miles= m11. 0.75in.= km 12. 600cm3= L13. 3.60kg= lb. 14. 100km/h= m/s15. 660rev/min= ft/h 16. 1.0bushel/km= seeds/cm17. 0.5kgm/h= gcm/s18. 36steps/min= km/h19. 80.0gofH2O= molecules 20. 20acres= ft2_____________________________________________________________________________________________________1barrel=45gal 2pt=1qt 5280ft=1mile 1moleH2O=18g 1gal=4qt 1kg=2.2lb 1cm3=1mL 1hectare=1hm21qt=1L 16oz=1lb 1rev=8.00ft 1acre=43560ft22cups=1pt 1in=2.54cm 1mile=1.6km1.00gal=10lb 62.5lb=1.00ft3 1step=0.75m1moleofanything=6.02×1023molecules1bushel=25,000seedsANSWERS1. 15doz 2. 0.0210hr 3. 180.L 4. 0.2lb 5. 6.10m 6. 28.4g7. 250.mL 8. 0.03km 9. 20.0L 10. 3.20x103m 11. 1.9x10-5km 12. 0.6L13. 7.92lb 14. 30m/s 15. 320000ft/h16. 0.25seeds/cm 17. 10gcm/s 18. 1.6km/h19. 2.68x1024molecules 20. 900000ft2

22

TheMoleandMolarMass1. Calculatethenumberofmolesineachofthefollowingmasses.

a. 64.1gofaluminumb. 28.1gofsiliconc. 0.255gofsulphurd. 850.5gofzinc

2. Calculatethemassofeachofthefollowingamounts.a. 1.22molsodiumb. 14.5molcopperc. 0.275molmercuryd. 9.37x10-3molmagnesium

3. Calculatethenumberofmolesineachofthefollowingmasses.a. 3.00gofborontribromideb. 0.472gofsodiumfluoridec. 7.50x102gofmethanol(CH3OH)d. 50.0gofcalciumchlorate

4. Determinethemassofeachofthefollowingamounts.a. 1.366molofnitrogentrihydrideb. 0.120molofglucose(C6H12O6)c. 6.94molofbariumchlorided. 0.005molofpropane

5. Calculatethenumberofmolesineachofthefollowingmasses.a. 45.0gofaceticacid(CH3COOH)b. 7.04goflead(II)nitratec. 5000kgofiron(III)oxided. 12.0mgofethylamine(C2H5NH2)e. 0.00322gofstearicacid(C17H35COOH)f. 50.0kgofammoniumsulphate

6. Calculatethemassofeachofthefollowingamounts.a. 3.00molofseleniumoxybromide(SeOBr2)b. 488molofcalciumcarbonatec. 0.0091molofretinoicacid(C20H28O2)d. 6.00x10-8molofnicotine(C10H14N2)e. 2.50molofstrontiumnitratef. 3.50x10-6molofuraniumhexafluoride

ANSWERS1. a. 2.38molAl b. 1.00molSi c. 7.95x10-3molS d. 13.01molZn2. a. 28.0gNa b. 921gCu c. 55.2gHg d. 0.228Mg3. a. 0.0120molBBr3 b. 0.0112molNaF c. 23.4molCH3OH d. 0.242molCa(ClO3)24. a. 23.28gNH3 b. 21.6gC6H12O6 c. 1.45x103gor 1.45kgBaCl2 d. 0.2gC3H8

5. a. 0.749molCH3COOH b. 0.0213molPb(NO3)2 c. 3x104molFe2O3 d. 2.66x10-4molC2H5NH2 e. 1.13x10-5molC17H35COOH6. a. 764gSeOBr2 b. 4.88x104gCaCO3 c. 2.7gC20H28O2 d. 9.74x10-6gC10H14N2 e. 529gSr(NO3)2 f. 1.23x10-3gUF6

23

Avogadro’sNumber1. Calculatetheamountofmolesineachofthefollowingquantities.

a. 3.01x1023atomsofrubidiumb. 8.08x1022atomsofkryptonc. 5700000000atomsofleadd. 2.997x1025atomsofvanadium

2. Calculatethenumberofatomsineachofthefollowingamounts.a. 1.004molbismuthb. 2.5molmanganesec. 0.0000002molheliumd. 32.6molstrontium

3. Calculatethenumberofatomsineachofthefollowingmasses.a. 54.0gofaluminumb. 69.45goflanthanumc. 0.697gofgalliumd. 0.000000020gberyllium

4. Calculatethemassofthefollowingnumberofatoms.a. 6.022x1024atomsoftantalumb. 3.01x1021atomsofcobaltc. 1.506x1024atomsofargond. 1.20x1025atomsofhelium

5. Calculatethenumberofmoleculesineachofthefollowingmasses.a. 22.9gofsodiumsulphideb. 0.272gofnickel(II)nitratec. 260mgofacrylonitrile(CH2CHCN)

6. Calculatethenumberofatomsineachofthefollowingmasses.a. 0.0082gofgoldb. 812gofmolybdenumc. 2.00x102mgofamericiumd. 10.09kgofneone. 0.705mgofbismuthf. 37µgofuranium

ANSWERS1. a. 0.500molRb b. 0.134molKr c. 9.5x10-15molPb d. 49.77molV2. a. 6.046x1023atomsBi b. 1.5x1024atomsMg c. 1x1017atomsHe d. 1.96x1025atomsSr3. a. 1.21x1024atomsAl b. 3.01x1023atomsLa c. 6.02x1021atomsGa d. 1.3x1015atomsBe

4. a. 1810.gTa b. 0.295gCo c. 99.91gAr d. 79.7gHe5. a. 1.77x1023moleculesNa2S b. 8.96x1020moleculesNi(NO3)2 c. 3.0x1021moleculesCH2CHCN6. a. 2.5x1019atomsAu b. 5.10x1024atomsMo c. 4.96x1020atomsAm d. 3.011x1026atomsNe e. 2.03x1018atomsBi f. 9.4x1016atomsU

24

MoleInquiry

Purpose: Todiscoverhowmanymoleculesofwaterareinanaveragesipofwater.Itisuptoyoutodeterminewhatanaveragesipofwaterlookslike.****Nospittingallowed!****Todiscoverhowmanymoleculesofchalk(calciumcarbonate)ittakestodoadrawacaricatureofyourgroup(artisticpointscount).Todiscoverthevolumeofcarbondioxidethatcanbeexhaledinonesinglebreath(wearemakinganassumptionthattheonlygasexhalediscarbondioxide).

Materials: Plasticcups

Tapwater Balloon Chalk Electronicbalance

Procedure: YOU’REONYOUROWN!CLEARITWITHMEBEFOREYOUPROCEED!

Data: Createaneatdatatableforeachpartshowingallmeasurements.Usearulertocreateyourtableandincludeallpertinentinformation.

Analysis: Showallofyourcalculations.

Conclusion: Youranswerstothepurposeoutlinedabove,statedinsentenceform.

SourcesofError:

Indicatethreefactors,whichdidnotallowyoutogetthedesiredresults.Includesystematicerrorsonly;nohumanerrors(neveradmittodoingBADscience).

25

PercentComposition1. Determinethepercentcompositionofeachofthefollowingcompounds.

a. sodiumoxalateb. ethanol(C2H5OH)c. aluminumoxided. potassiumsulphate

2. Calculatethemassofthegivenelementineachofthefollowingcompounds.a. brominein50.0gpotassiumbromideb. chromiumin1.00kgsodiumdichromatec. nitrogenin85.0mgoftheaminoacidlysine(C6H14N2O2)d. cobaltin2.84gcobalt(II)acetate

3. Calculatethepercentageofthegivenelementineachofthefollowingcompounds.a. nitrogeninurea(NH2CONH2)b. sulphurinsulfurylchloride(SO2Cl2)c. thalliuminthallium(III)oxided. oxygeninpotassiumchloratee. bromineincalciumbromidef. tinintin(IV)oxide

4. Calculatethemassofthegivenelementineachofthefollowingquantitites.a. oxygenin4.00gofmanganese(IV)oxideb. aluminumin50.0metrictonsaluminumoxidec. silverin325gofsilvercyanided. goldin0.780gofgold(III)selenidee. seleniumin683gofsodiumselenite(Na2SeO3)f. chlorinein5.0x104gof1,1-dichloropropane(CHCl2CH2CH3)

ANSWERS

1. a. 34.31%Na,17.93%C,47.76%O b. 52.13%C,13.15%H,34.72%O c. 52.92%Al,47.08%O d. 44.87%K,18.40%S,36.72%O2. a. 33.6gBr b. 397gCr c. 16.3mgN d. 0.945gCo3. a. 46.65%N b. 23.76%S c. 89.491%TI d. 39.17%O e. 79.95%BrinCaBr2 f. 78.767%SninSnO24. a. 1.47gO b. 26.5metrictonsAl c. 262gAg d. 0.487gAu e. 312gSe f. 3.1x104gCl

26

EmpiricalFormulas1. Determinetheempiricalformulaforthecompoundsthathavethefollowinganalyses.

a. 28.4%copper,71.6%bromineb. 39.0%potassium,12.0%carbon,1.01%hydrogenand47.9%oxygenc. 77.3%silver,7.4%phosphorous,15.3%oxygend. 0.57%hydrogen,72.1%iodine,27.3%oxygen

2. Determinethesimplestformulaforthecompoundsthathavethefollowinganalyses.Thedatamaynotbeexact.

a. 36.2%aluminumand63.8%sulphurb. 93.5%niobiumand6.50%oxygenc. 57.6%strontium,13.8%phosphorous,and28.6%oxygend. 28.5%iron,48.6%oxygen,and22.9%sulphur

3. Determinetheempiricalformulaforcompoundsthathavethefollowinganalyses.a. 66.0%bariumand34.0%chlorineb. 80.38%bismuth,18.46%oxygen,and1.16%hydrogenc. 12.67%aluminum,19.73%nitrogen,and67.60%oxygend. 35.64%zinc,26.18%carbon,34.88%oxygen,and3.30%hydrogene. 2.8%hydrogen,9.8%nitrogen,20.5%nickel,44.5%oxygen,and22.4%sulphurf. 8.09%carbon,0.34%hydrogen,10.78%oxygen,and80.78%bromine

ANSWERS1. a. CuBr2 b. KHCO3 c. Ag3PO4 d. HIO32. a. Al2S3 b. Nb5O2 c. Sr3P2O8ORSr3(PO4)2 d. Fe2S3O12ORFe2(SO4)3

3. a. BaCl2 b. BiO3H3ORBi(OH)3 c. AlN3O9ORAl(NO3)3 d. ZnC4H6O4ORZn(CH3COO)2 e. NiN2S2H8O8ORNi(NH4)2SO4 f. C2HBr3O2ORCBr3COOH

27

Molarity1. Determinethemolarityofasolutionpreparedbydissolving141.6gofcitricacid(C3H5O(COOH)3,inwater

andthendilutingtheresultingsolutionto3500.0mL.2. Whatisthemolarityofasaltsolutionmadebydissolving280.0mgofNaClin2.00mLofwater?Assume

thefinalvolumeisthesameasthevolumeofthewater.3. Whatisthemolarityofasolutionthatcontains390.0gofaceticacid,CH3COOH,dissolvedinenough

acetonetomake1000.0mLofsolution?4. Whatmassofglucose,C6H12O6,wouldberequiredtoprepare5.000x103Lofa0.215Msolution?5. Whatmassofmagnesiumbromidewouldberequiredtoprepare720.mLofa0.0939Maqueoussolution?6. Whatmassofammoniumchlorideisdissolvedin300.mLofa0.875Msolution?7. Whatisthemolarityofasolutionthatcontains0.450molofsoluteandhasavolumeof1.75L?8. HowmanymolesofNaOHarecontainedin65.0mLofa2.20Msolution?9. Asolutionismadebydissolving26.42gofammoniumsulfateinenoughwatertomake50.00mLof

solution.Whatisthemolarityofthesolution?10. 138gofNaClisdissolvedinenoughwatertomake500.0mL.Calculatethemolarityofthissolution.11. WhatmassofNaOHmustyouusetoobtain425mLofa6.00Msolution?

ANSWERS1. 0.2106M2. 2.40M3. 6.494M4. 1.94x105g5. 12.4g6. 14.0g7.0.257mol/L8.0.143mol9.3.998mol/L10.4.72mol/L11.102g

28

FC2-Review1. Findthemolarmassofthefollowing:a) Nickel(II)hydroxide (92.71g)b) (CH3)2AsO2H (138.01g)2. Whatisthemassof:a) 0.25molesofCopper(I)chromate (61g)b) 1.00×1024atomsofTin(IV)sulphite (463g)c) 3.5Lofbutane (9.1g)3. Howmanymolesarein:a) 7.5gofAl2O3 (0.074mol)b) 3.01×1023moleculesofNaCl (0.500mol)c) 110.LofoxygengasatSTP (4.91mol)4. Howmanymoleculesareinthefollowing:a) 5.0molesofCalciumfluoride (3.0x1024molecules)b) 52.6gofLead(II)hydroxide (1.31x1023molecules)c) 53.1LofH2Sgas (1.43x1024molecules)5.Whatvolumeofgasispresentin:a) 2.3molesofhelium (52L)b) 1.5x1023atomsofargon (5.6L)c) 6.3gofCO2gas (3.2L)6. Calculatethepercentcompositionofthefollowing:a) Calciumoxalate (31.29%;18.75%;49.96%)b) Cu(NO3)2 (33.88%;14.94%;51.18%)7. Calculatethemassof:a) Ironin15gofFe(OH)2 (9.3g)b) Oxygenin32.5gofCaC2O4 (16.2g)8. Whatistheempiricalformulaofacompoundthatis:a) 54.12%Ca;2.70%H;43.18%O Ca(OH)2b) 57.14%C;6.16%H;9.52%N;27.18%O C14N2O5H18(NutraSweet)9. Whatisthemolarityofthefollowing:a) 0.75molofNaBrin250mLofwater (3.0mol/L)b) 425gofsodiumnitratedissolvedtomake6.50L (0.769M)10. Ifaglassbulbcancontain6.0gofhydrogengas,howmanygramsofCO2gascanithold?

Seemefortheanswer!

29

FC3–Stoichiometry1. Propaneburnsinexcessoxygenaccordingtothefollowingreaction:

C3H8+5O2"3CO2+4H2Oa. HowmanymoleseachofCO2andH2Oareformedfrom3.85molofpropane?b. If0.647molofoxygenareusedintheburningofpropane,howmanymoleseach

ofCO2andH2Oareproduced?HowmanymolesofC3H8areconsumed?2. Phosphorousburnsinairtoproduceaphosphorousoxideinthefollowingreaction:

4P+5O2"P4O10a. Whatmassofphosphorouswillbeneededtoproduce3.25molofP4O10?b. If0.489molofphosphorousburns,whatmassofoxygenisused?Whatmassof

P4O10isproduced?3. Hydrogenperoxidebreaksdown,releasingoxygen,inthefollowingreaction:

2H2O2"2H2O+O2a. Whatmassofoxygenisproducedwhen1.840molofH2O2decompose?b. Whatmassofwaterisproducedwhen5.0molO2isproducedbythisreaction?

4. Sodiumcarbonatereactswithnitricacidaccordingtothefollowingreaction:Na2CO3+2HNO3"2NaNO3+CO2+H2O

a. HowmanymolesofNa2CO3arerequiredtoproduce100.0gofNaNO3?b. If7.50gofNa2CO3reacts,howmanymolesofCO2areproduced?

5. Hydrogenisgeneratedbypassinghotsteamoveriron,whichoxidizestoformFe3O4,inthefollowingequation:

3Fe+4H2O"4H2+Fe3O4a. If625gofFe3O4isproducedinthereaction,howmanymolesofhydrogenare

producedatthesametime?b. Howmanymolesofironwouldbeneededtogenerate27gofhydrogen?

6. Calculatethemassofsilverbromideproducedfrom22.5gofsilvernitrateinthefollowingreaction:

2AgNO3+MgBr2"2AgBr+Mg(NO3)27. Whatmassofacetylene,C2H2,willbeproducedfromthereactionof90.gofcalcium

carbide,CaC2,withwaterinthefollowingreaction?CaC2+2H2O"C2H2+Ca(OH)2

8. Chlorinegascanbeproducedinthelaboratorybyaddingconcentratedhydrochloricacidtomanganese(IV)oxideinthefollowingreaction:

MnO2+4HCl"MnCl2+2H2O+Cl2a. CalculatethemassofMnO2neededtoproduce25.0gofCl2.b. WhatmassofMnCl2isproducedwhen0.091gofCl2isgenerated?

9. Nitrogenmonoxide,producedbylightning,reactswithoxygentoproducenitrogendioxide.

a. Whatmassofnitrogendioxideisformedwhen384gofoxygenispresent?b. Howmanygramsofnitrogenmonoxideisrequiredtoreactwiththismuch

oxygen?ANSWERS1. a. 11.6molCO2, 15.4molH2O

b. 0.388molCO2 0.518molH2O 0.129molC3H8

2. a. 403gPb. 19.6gO2,15.4gP4O103. a. 29.44gO2b. 180gH2O

4. a. 0.5882molNa2CO3b. 0.0708molCO25. a. 10.8molH2b. 10.molFe6. 24.9gAgBr7. 37gC2H28. a. 30.7gMnO2b. 0.16gMnCl29. a. 1.10x103gNO2b. 7.20x102gNO

30

LimitingReactants

1. Aluminumoxidizesaccordingtothefollowingequation: 4Al+3O2"2Al2O3

PowderedAl(0.048mol)isplacedintoacontainercontaining0.030molO2.Whatisthelimitingreactant?

2. Aprocessbywhichzirconiummetalcanbeproducedfromthemineralzirconium(IV)orthosilicate,ZrSiO4,startsbyreactingwithchlorinegastoformzirconium(IV)chloride:

ZrSiO4+2Cl2"ZrCl4+SiO2+O2WhatmassofZrCl4canbeproducedif862gofZrSiO4and950.gofCl2areavailable?Youmustfirstdeterminethelimitingreactant.

3. Heatingzincsulphideinthepresenceofoxygenyieldsthefollowing: ZnS+O2"ZnO+O2

If1.72molofZnSisheatedinthepresenceof3.04molofO2,whichreactantwillbeusedup?Balancetheequationfirst.

4. Usethefollowingequationfortheoxidationofaluminuminthefollowingproblems: 4Al+3O2"2Al2O3

a. Whichreactantislimitingif0.32molAland0.26molO2areavailable?b. HowmanymolesofAl2O3areformedfromthereactionof6.38x10-3molofO2

and9.15x10-3molofAl?c. If3.17gofAland2.55gofO2areavailable,whichreactantislimiting?

5. Intheproductionofcopperfromorecontainingcopper(II)sulphide,theoreisfirstroastedtochangeittotheoxideaccordingtothefollowingequation: 2CuS+3O2"2CuO+2SO2

a. If100gofCuSand56gofO2areavailable,whichreactantislimiting?b. WhatmassofCuOcanbeformedfromthereactionof18.7gofCuSand12.0gof

O2?6. Areactionsuchastheoneshownhereisoftenusedtodemonstrateasinglereplacement

reaction: 3CuSO4+2Fe"3Cu+Fe2(SO4)3

Ifyouplace0.092molofironfilingsinasolutioncontaining0.158molofCuSO4,whatisthelimitingreactant?HowmanymolesofCuwillbeformed?

7. InthereactionbetweenBaCO3+2HNO3"Ba(NO3)2+CO2+H2O,whatmassofBa(NO3)2canbeformedbycombining55gofBaCO3and26gofHNO3?

ANSWERS1. O22. ZrSiO4,1.10x103gZrCl43. 2ZnS+3O2→2ZnO+2SO2; Znislimiting4.a. Alislimitingb. 4.25x10-3molAl2O3c. O2islimiting5.a. CuSislimitingb. 15.6gCuO6. Feislimiting; 0.158molCu7. 54gBa(NO3)2

31

ExcessReactants

1. Brominereplacesiodineinmagnesiumiodidebythefollowingprocess:MgI2+Br2"MgBr2+I2

a. Whichistheexcessreactantwhen560gofMgI2and360gofBr2react,andwhatmassremains?

b. WhatmassofI2isformedinthesameprocess?2. Nickelreplacessilverfromsilvernitrateinsolutionaccordingtothefollowingequation:

2AgNO3+Ni"2Ag+Ni(NO3)2a. Ifyouhave22.9gofNiand112gofAgNO3,whichreactantisinexcess?b. Whatmassofnickel(II)nitratewouldbeproducedgiventhequantitiesabove?

3. Carbondisulphide,CS2,isanimportantindustrialsubstance.Itsfumescanburnexplosivelyinairtoformsulphurdioxideandcarbondioxide:

CS2+O2"SO2+CO2If1.60molofCS2burnswith5.60molofO2,howmanymolesoftheexcessreactantwillstillbepresentwhenthereactionisover?

4. Copperischangedtocopper(II)ionsbynitricacidaccordingtothefollowingequation: 4HNO3+Cu"Cu(NO3)2+2NO2+2H2O

a. HowmanymoleseachofHNO3andCumustreactinordertoproduce0.0845molesofNO2?

b. If5.94gofCuand23.23gofHNO3arecombined,whichreactantisinexcess?5. Acetaldehyde,CH3CHO,ismanufacturedbythereactionofethanolwithcopper(II)oxide

accordingtothefollowingreaction: CH3CH2OH+CuO"CH3CHO+H2O+Cu

Whatmassofacetaldehydecanbeproducedbythereactionbetween620gofethanoland1020gofCuO?Whatmassofthereactantwillbeleftover?

6. Therare-earthmetalterbiumisproducedfromterbium(III)fluorideandcalciummetalbythefollowingsinglereplacementreaction:

2TbF3+3Ca"3CaF2+2Tba. Given27.5gofTbF3and6.96gofCa,howmanygramsofterbiumcouldbe

produced?b. Howmanygramsoftheexcessreactantisleftover?

ANSWERS1. a. 38gBr2 b. 510gI22. a. Niisinexcess b. 60.2gNi(NO3)23. CS2(g)+3O2(g)→2SO4(g)+CO2(g) 0.80molO2remain4. a. 0.0422molCu; 0.169molHNO3 b. Cuisinexcess c. 3.32gH2O5. 565gCH3CHO; 29gCH3CH2OHremains6. a. 18.4gTb b. 2.4gTbF3

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PercentYield1. Calculatethepercentyieldineachofthefollowingcases.

a. theoreticalyieldis50.0gofproduct;actualyieldis41.9gb. theoreticalyieldis290kgofproduct;actualyieldis270kgc. theoreticalyieldis6.05x104kgofproduct;actualyieldis4.18x104kgd. theoreticalyieldis0.00192gofproduct;actualyieldis0.00089g

2. Inthecommercialproductionoftheelementarsenic,arsenic(III)oxideisheatedwithcarbon,whichreducestheoxidetothemetalaccordingtothefollowingequation:

2AS2O3+3C"3CO2+4Asa. If8.87gofAs2O3isusedinthereactionand5.33gofAsisproduced,whatisthe

percentyield?b. If67gofcarbonisusedupinadifferentreactionand425gofAsisproduced,

calculatethepercentyieldinthisreaction.3. Elementalphosphorouscanbeproducedbyheatingcalciumphosphatefromrockswith

silicasand(SiO2)andcarbonintheformofcoke.Thefollowingreactiontakesplace: Ca3(PO4)2+3SiO2+5C"3CaSiO3+2P+5CO

a. If57molofCa3(PO4)2isusedand101molofCaSiO3isobtained,whatisthepercentyield?

b. Determinethepercentyieldobtainedif1280molofcarbonisconsumedand622molofCaSiO3isproduced.

c. Theengineerinchargeofthisprocessexpectsayieldof81.5%.If1.4x105molofCa3(PO4)2isused,howmanymolesofphosphorouswillbeproduced?

4. Tungsten(W)canbeproducedfromitsoxidebyreactingtheoxidewithhydrogenatahightemperatureaccordingtothefollowingequation: WO3+3H2"W+3H2O

a. Whatisthepercentyieldif56.9gofWO3yields41.4goftungsten?b. Howmanymolesoftungstenwillbeproducedfrom3.72gofWO3iftheyieldis

92.0%?c. Achemistcarriesoutthisreactionandobtains11.4goftungsten.Ifthepercent

yieldis89.4%,whatmassofWO3wasused?5. Carbontetrachloride,CCl4,isasolventthatwasonceusedinlargequantitiesindry

cleaning.Becauseitisadenseliquidthatdoesnotburn,itwasalsousedinfireextinguishers.Unfortunately,itsusewasdiscontinuedbecauseitwasfoundtobeacarcinogen.Itwasmanufacturedbythefollowingreaction: CS2+3Cl2"CCl4+S2Cl2a. WhatisthepercentyieldofCCl4if719kgisproducedfromthereactionof410.kgof

CS2?b. If67.5gofCl2areusedinthereactionand39.5gofS2Cl2isproduced,whatisthe

percentyield?c. Ifthepercentyieldoftheindustrialprocessis83.3%,howmanykilogramsofCS2

shouldbereactedtoobtain5.00x104kgofCCl4?HowmanykilogramsofS2Cl2willbeproduced,assumingthesameyieldforthatproduct?

ANSWERS1. a. 83.8%yieldb. 93%yieldc. 69.1%yieldd. 46%yield2. a. 79.3%yield b. 76%yield

3. a. 59%yield b. 81.0%yield c. 2.3x105molP4. a. 91.8%yield b. 0.0148molW c. 16.1gWO35. a. 86.8%yield

b. 92.2%yield c. 2.97x104kgCS2; 4.39x104kgS2Cl2

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StoichiometryLabBACKGROUND:Inthislabyouwillperformandstudythereactionbetweencopperandsilvernitrate[AgNO3].Youwillcalculateacertainconcentrationofsilvernitrateandprepareasolutionofit.Youwillalsofindthemassofapieceofcopper,placeitinsolution,andobserveitsbehavior.Byfindingthemassofthesilveratthecloseoftheexperiment,youwillbeabletoinvestigatequantitativelythereactionthatoccurred.Fromthis,wewilldetermineandwritethechemicalequationforthereaction.CAUTION:SilverNitrate(solidandsolution)willturnskinblack.Becarefulwithit!PROCEDURE:Day1

1. Calculatethemassofsilvernitraterequiredtomake100.mLofa0.030mol/Lsolution.Makesuretocheckyourcalculationswithyourteacherbeforeproceeding.

2. Usinga100mLvolumetricflaskanddistilledwater,useproperstepstopreparethe0.030mol/Lsolution.

3. Obtainapieceofcopperandthenfindit’smass.Recordthemassofcopper!

4. Obtainacleananddry250mLbeaker.Pourthepreparedsilvernitratesolutionintothecleanbeaker.

5. Placethecopperintothebeaker.Makesurethatallofthecopperisunderthesurfaceofthesolution.*Observeanychangesthatoccurforthenext10-15minutes.

6. Labelyourbeakerandthencoverthebeakerwithawatchglassandplaceitontheshelfindicatedbyyourteacherwhereitwillnotbedisturbed.Thiswillcontinuetoreactuntilthebeginningofthenextlabperiod.

Day21. Carefullyretrievethebeakerandplaceitonthedesktop.*Recordallofyour

observationsatthistime.2. Usetongstoretrieveanyremainingcopperandshakeoffanyprecipitate.Useyourwash

bottleofdistilledwatertosprayofftheprecipitate(silver)thatremainsonthecopper.Makesuretosprayofftheresidueintothebeaker.Settheremainingcopperasidetodry.Oncethecopperhasdried,findit’smass.

Recordthemassofdrycopper!3. Itisnowtimetofilterthesilver.Takeapieceoffilterpaperandthenfinditsmass.Foldit

inhalftwice(seediagrambelow),placeitinafunnelandslowlypouryoursolution.Youmayneedtoadddistilledwatertothebeakerafewtimestomakesurethatallofthesilverhasbeenpouredoffintothefilter.

Recordthemassoffilterpaper!4. Obtainawatchglassandputyournameonit.Removethefilterpaperandplaceitonthe

watchglass.Placeyourfilterpaperintheincubatortodryovernight.5. Cleanupyourequipmentandbeginansweringthequestionsonthenextpage.

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Day31. Makesurethatthecontentsaredry.Findthemassofthesolidproducedandthefilter

paper(usethesamebalancethatyouusedearlierinthelab).Recordthemassoffilterpaper+silver!Recordthemassofsilver!

2. Putthedrysolidintothemarkedcontaineronthefrontbench.3. Washoutallofthelabequipmentthatyouusedandreturntoyourdesktobeginworking

onyourlab.4. Finishansweringallofthequestions.5. Thereisnoformalwrite-upforthislab.Answerallofthequestionstoprepareforthelab

quizthatwillfollow.CALCULATIONS:

1. Calculatethenumberofmolesofcopperthatreacted.2. Calculatethenumberofmolesofsilverthatwasproduced.3. Calculatetheratioofmolesofcoppertothemolesofsilverthatwereinvolvedinthe

reaction.

ie. molesCumolesAg

4. Usetheratioyoucalculatedinstep3tofigureoutwhichreactionbelowoccurred.

_____Cu(s)+_____AgNO3(aq)è_____Ag(s)+_____CuNO3(aq)

OR_____Cu(s)+_____AgNO3(aq)è_____Ag(s)+_____Cu(NO3)2(aq)5. Calculatethenumberofcopperatomsthatreactedandthenumberofsilveratomsthat

wereformed.6. Wascopperorsilvernitratethelimitingreagentinthislab?Howcanyoutellwithout

doinganycalculations?Proveyourhypothesisbycalculationandshowallofyourwork.7. Calculatethemassofexcessreactant.(Howdoesyouranswercomparetothemassof

copperfoundonDay2Step2?Explain)8. Findthetheoreticalyieldforsilverinthislab.9. Useaproperlybalancedequationtofindthepercentyieldofsilverinthislab.

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ChemistryFinalExamReviewA.Namethefollowinghydrocarbons.

B.ConsiderthehydrocarbonwiththeformulaC3H4.ShowthecondensedstructuralformulaforTwo(2)isomersofC3H4.C.Predicttheproducts,balance,andclassifythefollowingreactions:1. Cu3P2à 2. C6H11OH+O2à D. i.WRITEtheequationforthecompletechemicalreaction. ii.BALANCEtheequation. iii.CLASSIFYthetypeofreaction.1. Calciumacetatereactswithiron(III)dichromatetoproduce…2. 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctaneburnsinoxygenandproduces…E.MoleCalculations1. Youhave40.22gramsoftungsten(VI)oxalateandplaceitinavolumetricflask.Ifyou

addenoughdistilledwatertobringthesolutionuptothe500.mLmark,whatisthemolarityofthesolution?

2. Calculatethemassofarsenicin54.7gofgold(III)arsenate. 3. Findtheempiricalformulaforthefollowingsubstancesfromthepercentcomposition

given: 64.80%carbon;13.62%hydrogen;21.58%oxygen

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F.StoichiometryProblems.1. Cu + HNO3 è Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2Oa) Howmanygramsofhydrogennitratewillbeneededtoreactwith2.80x1022particlesofcoppertohavenoexcessreactant?

b) If0.98Lofsteamareproduced,howmanygramsofcopper(II)nitratewouldalsobecreated?c)Howmanygramsofnitrogenmonoxidewouldbeproducedif7.89x1014particlesofcopperreact?

2. C4H10 + O2 è CO2 + H2Oa) If67.25gofbutanereactwith15.98gofoxygen,identifythelimitingreagent.b) Whatwouldbethetheoreticalyieldofwater?c)Determinethemassofexcessreactantthatremains.3. BrF5 + H2O è HBrO3+ HFIf1.95gofbrominepentafluoridereactsandthepercentyieldofhydrofluoricacidis78.8%,whatmassofhydrofluoricacidisproduced?

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AnswersA. 1. 5,7-diethyl-4,4,7-trimethyl-5,6-dipropyldecane 2. 3-ethyl-4,5-dipropyloctane 3. 4,5,5-triethyl-3,6,6-trimethylnonane 4. 3,3-dimethyl-1-buteneB. CH2=C=CH2(1,2-propadiene) & CHΞC-CH3(1-propyne)C. 1. 2Cu3P2è 6Cu +P4 (Decomposition) 2. C6H11OH+ 17/2O2 è 6CO2 +6H2O (Combustion)

D. 1. 3Ca(CH3COO)2 +Fe2(Cr2O7)3è 3CaCr2O7+ 2Fe(CH3COO)3 (DoubleReplacement)

2. C12H26+37/2O2è 12CO2+13H2O (Combustion)E. 1. 0.180mol/L 2. 12.2g 3. H10C4OF. 1. 3Cu +8HNO3 è 3Cu(NO3)2 +2NO +4H2O a. 7.82gHNO3

b. 6.2gCu(NO3)2 c. 2.62x10-8gNO 2. C4H10 + 13/2O2 è 4CO2 + 5H2O a. O2isthelimitingreagent b. 6.922gH2O c. 62.78gofexcessC4H10 3. BrF5 + 3H2Oè HBrO3+ 5HF 0.879gofHFisproduced

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