Converting Data Collected During CHAPS for Use in the PNNL Aerosol Modeling Testbed

Brody BourqueGCEP SURE Summer Intern

Larry Berg, William Gustafson Jr., Jeremy RishelPacific Northwest National Laboratory

Overview

Define aerosolsWhy study??

Effects on climate

Background on CHAPS field campaignWhy focus on shallow cumuliInstruments on board aircrafts

Gulfstream (G-1)

NASA King Air

Introduction to Aerosol Modeling Testbed (AMT)parseCHAPS program outline

Aerosols

Aerosol: a collection of particles suspended in a parcel of air (ranging from nm - 30um)

Why Study Aerosols???

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - scientific body that provides the world with a clear view

of the current state of climate change

Cooling Effect

High Level of Uncertainty

http://www.ipcc.ch/organization/organization.htm

*Important for radiation and precipitation

Aerosol Effects On Climate

Direct effectChanges in the amount of radiation at the surface due to aerosols

Semi-direct effectChanges the stability of the atmosphere (frequency of clouds)

*Indirect effectChanges the amount of cloud droplets

Cumulus Humilis Aerosol Processing Study (CHAPS)

Date: June 2007

Location: A series of flights (G-1 = 12 & King Air = 20) over the ACRF Southern Great Plains site and

Abstract: Use in situ measurements to characterize and contrast aerosol optical & chemical properties below the shallow cumuli cloud layer (bc), in the shallow cumuli cloud layer (ic), and above the shallow cumuli cloud layer (ac)

Moderately sized city that is representative of a large number of cities around the United States

Oklahoma City, OK

Background on CHAPS

Berg et al.

NASA King Air

Battelle G-1 Gulfstream

*Particularly how Shallow Cumuli effect the chemical and optical properties of aerosols

CHAPS Experimental Goals

Primary Objective: To improve the understanding of effects of radiation from aerosols on climate

CHAPS Study Encompasses:Clear Sky Observations

*Effects of:

Aerosols on Shallow Cumuli

Shallow Cumuli on Aerosols

Why Focus On Shallow Cumuli???

Shallow clouds play an important role in energy balanceIncreases amount of shortwave radiation that is reflected back into space (shortwave albedo)

Not much effect on longwave radiation

Poorly represented in numerical models

* ”One of few studies that have had AMS sampling downstream of CVI inlet on an aircraft…allows for the examination of chemical composition of nucleated aerosols within the cumuli”

Instruments Aboard The Gulfstream (G-1)

Two Inlets:

*Counter-Flow Virtual Impactor

Isokinetic Inlet

Each inlet has virtually the same instrumentation

*Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

Size Distributions:

SMPS (0.02 um - 0.44 um)

FIMS (0.03 um - 0.13 um)

PCASP (0.10 um - 3.00 um)

CAS (0.627 um - 60.0 um)

CIP (25 um - 1500 um)

(CVI)

(AMS)

(>10um)

(<2um)

Instruments Aboard The NASA King Air

NASA High Spectral Resolution LIDAR (HSRL)

Measures Profiles Between the King Air and the Surface of Aerosol:

BackscatterExtinctionDepolarization

High Spectral Resolution LIDAR (HSRL)

Aerosol Modeling Testbed (AMT)

What is it???A computational framework that streamlines the process of testing and evaluating refined aerosol process modules over a wide range of spatial (0.1 - 100 km) and temporal (minutes - season) scales

Composed of the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF - Chem) and various statistical and graphical programs, called the Analysis Toolkit, that allow investigators to systematically evaluate model performance

parseCHAPS Outline

Create Namelist Files for each Day [Clear & Cloudy Segments]

Create Output Files for all Variables with a Location FileUse MILAGRO ConventionAll Output Files must include the Location FileLocation Files

Use MILAGRO ConventionLocation File to include only in header:

YearMonthDayTime UTCLatitudeLongitude

Altitude

tflag

MILAGRO Naming Convention:variable_obs.txt

MILAGRO Naming Convention:aircraft_yymmdd_loc.txt

G-1 Data

King Air Data

Creating Namelist Files

Very First Step

Purpose: tells the program

Created for each Day and for both Clear & Cloudy Flight Segments

how many files to read which files to read

Creating Output Files for all Variablesg1_070611_clear_loc.txtair_speed_obs.txtaltitude_obs.txtams_on_cvi_obs.txtcas_tot_a_obs.txtcas_tot_a_cloud_obs.txtcas_tot_n_obs.txtcas_tot_n_cloud_obs.txtcas_tot_v_obs.txtcas_tot_v_cloud_obs.txtccn_obs.txtcip_tot_a_obs.txtcip_tot_n_obs.txtcip_tot_v_obs.txtcl_obs.txtco_obs.txtcvi_blue_abs_obs.txtcvi_blue_back_s_obs.txtcvi_blue_eff_s_obs.txtcvi_blue_inverted_back_s_obs.txtcvi_blue_inverted_tot_s_obs.txtcvi_blue_red_angstrom_obs.txtcvi_blue_ssa_obs.txtcvi_blue_tot_s_obs.txtcvi_cn_obs.txtcvi_enrich_fac_obs.txtcvi_flag_qc_obs.txtcvi_green_abs_obs.txtcvi_green_back_s_obs.txt

cvi_green_inverted_tot_s_obs.txtcvi_green_inverted_back_s_obs.txtcvi_green_ssa_obs.txtcvi_green_tot_s_obs.txtcvi_lwc_obs.txtcvi_neph_rh_obs.txtcvi_neph_ti_obs.txtcvi_red_back_s_obs.txtcvi_red_abs_obs.txtcvi_red_inverted_tot_s_obs.txtcvi_red_inverted_back_s_obs.txtcvi_red_ssa_obs.txtcvi_red_tot_s_obs.txtdensity_obs.txtdew_point_temperature_obs.txtfims_tot_n_obs.txtflag_cloud_obs.txtflag_plume_obs.txtger_lwc_obs.txtheading_obs.txtiso_blue_back_s_obs.txtiso_blue_eff_s_obs.txtiso_blue_red_angstrom_obs.txtiso_blue_smooth_abs_obs.txtiso_blue_ssa_obs.txtiso_blue_tot_s_obs.txtiso_cn_obs.txtiso_flag_qc_obs.txtiso_green_back_s_obs.txt

iso_green_eff_s_obs.txtiso_green_smooth_abs_obs.txtiso_green_ssa_obs.txtiso_green_tot_s_obs.txtiso_neph_rh_obs.txtiso_neph_ti_obs.txtiso_red_back_s_obs.txtiso_red_eff_s_obs.txtiso_red_smooth_abs_obs.txtiso_red_ssa_obs.txtiso_red_tot_s_obs.txtlapa_abs_obs.txtlapa_s_obs.txtlat_obs.txtlong_obs.txtnh4_obs.txtno3_obs.txtorg_obs.txtozone_obs.txtpapa_abs_obs.txtpapa_s_obs.txtpcasp_int_obs.txtpcasp_tot_a_obs.txtpcasp_tot_n_obs.txtpcasp_tot_v_obs.txtpotential_temperature_obs.txtpressure_obs.txtptrms_a_pinene_frag_obs.txtptrms_a_pinene_parent_obs.txt

ptrms_acetaldehyde_obs.txtptrms_acetone_obs.txtptrms_acetonitile_obs.txtptrms_benzene_obs.txtptrms_isoprene_obs.txtptrms_mek_macr_obs.txtptrms_methanol_obs.txtptrms_mvk_obs.txtptrms_tmb_obs.txtptrms_toluene_obs.txtptrms_xylene_obs.txtsat_temperature_obs.txtso2_obs.txtso4_obs.txttemperature_obs.txtw_prime_obs.txtwind_direction_obs.txtwind_speed_obs.txt

Transect Flag (tflag): Used to partition data based on a set parameter

Parameters:• Above Cloud (ac) = 3

• In Cloud (ic) = 2

• Below Cloud (bc) = 1

Locatio

n File

Problem With Particle Size Distribution

PROBLEM: Because WRF Bin size ranges and Instrument Channel size ranges are different, calculations for output files will be wrong

SOLUTION: Write a separate program [for each Instrument Channel] that will map Instrument Channels to correct WRF Bins [for both 8 Bin WRF & 4 Bin WRF] based on size ranges

Instrument Channel Size Ranges

0.018 - 0.4 um

Mapping File

wrf_bin_version

wrf_bin_number

wrf_diameter_min

wrf_diameter_max

pcasp_min

pcasp_max

cas_min

cas_max

smps_min

smps_max

fims_min

fims_max

8 1 0.0390625 0.078125 6 9 3 6

8 2 0.078125 0.15625 2 7 10 14 7 10

8 3 0.15625 0.3125 8 15 15 18

8 4 0.3125 0.625 16 18 19 21

8 5 0.625 1.25 19 21 2 6

8 6 1.25 2.5 22 28 7 9

8 7 2.5 5 29 30 10 11

8 8 5 10 12 13

4 1 0.0390625 0.15625 2 7 6 14 3 10

4 2 0.15625 0.625 8 18 15 21

4 3 0.625 2.5 19 28 2 9

4 4 2.5 10 29 30 10 13

8 Bin WRF Bin Size Ranges [um]

PCASP Instrument Channels Mapped to 8 Bin WRF Bins

4 Bin WRF Bin Size Ranges [um]

PCASP Instrument Channels Mapped to 4 Bin WRF Bins

Create Output Files For Instrument Channels & WRF Bins Using MILAGRO Convention

pcasp_ch_1_obs.txtpcasp_ch_2_obs.txtpcasp_ch_3_obs.txtpcasp_ch_4_obs.txtpcasp_ch_5_obs.txtpcasp_ch_6_obs.txtpcasp_ch_7_obs.txtpcasp_ch_8_obs.txtpcasp_ch_9_obs.txtpcasp_ch_10_obs.txtpcasp_ch_11_obs.txtpcasp_ch_12_obs.txtpcasp_ch_13_obs.txtpcasp_ch_14_obs.txtpcasp_ch_15_obs.txtpcasp_ch_16_obs.txtpcasp_ch_17_obs.txtpcasp_ch_18_obs.txtpcasp_ch_19_obs.txtpcasp_ch_20_obs.txtpcasp_ch_21_obs.txtpcasp_ch_22_obs.txtpcasp_ch_23_obs.txtpcasp_ch_24_obs.txtpcasp_ch_25_obs.txtpcasp_ch_26_obs.txtpcasp_ch_27_obs.txtpcasp_ch_28_obs.txtpcasp_ch_29_obs.txtpcasp_ch_30_obs.txt

Instrument Channels

4 Bin WRF Bins

pcasp_4binwrf_bin1area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin1number_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin1volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin2area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin2number_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin2volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin3area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin3number_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin3volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin4area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin4number_obs.txtpcasp_4binwrf_bin4volume_ins_obs.txt

pcasp_8binwrf_bin1area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin1number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin1volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin2area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin2number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin2volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin3area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin3number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin3volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin4area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin4number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin4volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin5area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin5number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin5volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin6area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin6number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin6volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin7area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin7number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin7volume_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin8area_ins_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin8number_obs.txtpcasp_8binwrf_bin8volume_ins_obs.txt

8 Bin WRF Bins

Same

Locatio

n File

Data

Total Number (n):

The sum of all the particles within the specified channel

n = value

Same

Locatio

n File

Data

Total Area (a):

The entire area of all the particles within the specified channel

a = value1 ( * r ^2) + …

r = midpoint of channel size range

Same

Locatio

n File

Data

Total Volume (v):

The entire volume of all the particles within the specified channel

v = value1 * (4/3) * ( * r ^3) + …

r = midpoint of channel size range

Analysis Toolkit Structure

CHAPS

king_air

Directory Tree Setup (G-1)

Directory Tree Setup (King Air)

Time Series Plots From Toolkit

Temperature

Wind Speed

Pressure

Water Vapor

Mixing Ratio

Histograms For King Air Data

Aerosol Optical Depth Cloud Top Height

Questions?!

A Special Thanks To…

Anne Case Hanks, Boniface MillsUniversity of Louisiana at Monroe

Jeff Gaffney, Milton ConstantinGlobal Change Education Program

Larry Berg, Carl Berkowitz, Elaine Chapman, Jim Droppo,Bill Gustafson, Laura Riihimaki, Jeremy Rishel, William Shaw, Tricia St HilairePacific Northwest National Laboratory

King Air Output Files

king_air_070611_loc.txt

aerosol_optical_depth_obs.txt

altitude_obs.txt

cloud_top_height_obs.txt

lat_obs.txt

long_obs.txt

planetary_boundary_layer_1_obs.txt

planetary_boundary_layer_2_obs.txt

planetary_boundary_layer_3_obs.txt

time_obs.txt

Transect Flag (tflag) Parameters:

• Flight Leg 2 (L2) = 2

• Flight Leg 1 (L1) = 1

Locatio

n File

Analysis Toolkit Structure (in depth)

King Air Statistics

Aerosol Optical Depth

Cloud Top Height

Histogram

Histogram

Standard

Statistics Standard

Statistics

Data Distribution

Data Distribution