Cookie Grammar

Before we get started, we need to understand that…

a simple cookie

an independent clause=

Independent Clause?

•ONE word is just one word.

•TWO or more words make a PHRASE.

•A phrase with a subject and verb makes a CLAUSE. If it can stand on its own, it is an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE.

monster

The hairy blue monster

The hairy blue monster chomps

on cookies.

What’s an independent clause?• A complete simple sentence• Consider it ONE whole cookie

So… an independent clause is a complete simple sentence, and complete simple sentenceshave a subject and a predicate.

a simple cookieSubject?

Predicate?Me just want

cookie.

The subject completes the action. It’s the who or what

which the sentence is about.

Cookie Monster waves to Mr. Simmons’ class.

The predicate, or verb, tells something about the subject.

It is the action, the doing, in the sentence.

Cookie Monster waves

to Mr. Simmons’ class.

He is happy to see them.

Subject + Predicate =

complete sentenceindependent clause

One cookie!

So, what happens when we add exciting and grandiloquent verbs

and adjectives to our sugar cookies?

We get a scrumptious iced cookie with those crunchy

sprinkles on top! Yummmm…

Or we get the even better, beloved chocolate chip cookie!

They’re all the same . . . -Independent Clause -Simple Sentence -One Cookie

No matter how much icing, sprinkles, or chocolate chips you add to your sugar cookie, you still only have _____ cookie!

Now, let’s make our cookie

fudge-tastic!

with…

Loose Fudge

aka Dependent Clauses

Dependent Clause

• The fetus is dependent on the mother to one day become a baby.

• The dependent clause needs an independent clause to be a complete sentence. OR…

• The fudge needs the cookie.• Without the cookie, loose fudge is just a nasty,

mushy FRAGMENT.

dependen

t

can stand alone. They are complete sentences and can support dependent clauses—loose fudge.

ndependent Clauses

Like a simple cookie, independent clauses can take loose fudge as decoration and remain a single cookie.

Sugar Cookie or Loose Fudge?

1. Sugar cookies are a delectable treat.2. When Cookie Monster gets hungry.3. Chocolate chips are an exciting

surprise.4. My mind is always dreaming of cookies.5. Sprinkles can make any cookie special.6. Before you eat cookies.

Loose fudge NOT

cookie! Arrgh!

We can add loose fudge to our cookies

using a special ingredient…

Hey! Fudge is NOT cookie!

Subordinating Conjunctions!

Su-who-bor-what?

Let’s help Cookie Monster understand.

Hey! Fudge is NOT cookie!Su-who-be-

what?

Subordinate means lower in rank or position•“Sub” = below•“Ord” = orderSubordinate - like a dependent baby to its mom.A conjunction is a connector. It “joins” words and clauses together.

So,a subordinating conjunction is…

Hey! Fudge is NOT cookie!Su-who-be-

what?

that special ingredient used to join loose fudge to cookies. Find them and you will find your dependent clauses.

Some common subordinating

conjunctions are…

Hey! Fudge is NOT cookie!

after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, if only, rather than, since, that, though, unless, until, when, where, whereas, wherever, whether, which, and while

We already use them everyday to combine dependent clauses

(loose fudge)

to

independent clauses

after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, if only, rather than, since, that, though, unless, until, when, where, whereas, wherever, whether, which, and while

This loose fudge brings us to the

Complex SentenceOr, the Fudge-Striped Cookie! OH YEAH!

One of Cookie Monster’s favorite equations:

Sugar Cookie + Loose Fudge = Fudge-Striped Cookieor

Independent Clause + Dependent Clause = Complex Sentence

= complex sentence

This delectable complex sentence is easy to find when all the cookies are mixed in the same jar.

Let’s look at the difference a subordinating conjunction makes:

•I eat cookies.•After I eat cookies.•After I eat cookies, I can sleep soundly.•I can sleep soundly after I eat cookies.

Let’s bake some Fudge-Striped Cookies!

But wait! There are TWO recipes. Can you guess what they are?

Add a COMMA when the dependent clause comes first.

When the loose fudge begins the sentence, it must be followed by a comma.

Think of it this way: if you put your loose fudge in your hand first, you will need your tongue to lick up some of the mess before you put your cookie in your hand. Your tongue is the comma!

It all depends on which ingredient you want to mix in first.

Mix an independent clause with a dependent clause to make a Fudge-Striped Cookie

LOOSE FUDGEBecause cookies have no calories whatsoever

When the cookie crumbles

Made of caramel, chocolate, and

coconut

SUGAR COOKIESI am able to sample

every type the bakery has to offer

It is often hard to pick up the pieces

A macaroon is a delicious cookie

DC+,+IC= FSC IC+DC=FSCBecause cookies have no calories whatsoever, I am able to sample every type the bakery has to offer.

When the cookie crumbles, it is hard to pick up the pieces of your life.

Made of caramel, chocolate, and coconut, a macaroon is a delicious cookie.

I am able to sample every type the bakery has to offer because cookies have no calories whatsoever.

It is hard to pick up the pieces of your life when the cookie crumbles.

A macaroon is a delicious cookie made of caramel, chocolate, and coconut.

Tell Us More Cookie!Cookie Grammar pt.2

What?! You still haven’t had enough cookies?!

Are you ready for more……….?

First, we need to talk about how we like to eat our Oreos!

1. Mrs. Hyde loves to devour Oreos.2. Mrs. Hyde likes to dunk her Oreos in milk, which is pretty irrelevant. (Notice my use of a comma with the word “which” for irrelevant material?!)

3. When Mrs. Hyde eats Oreos from the bag, she often forgets how many she has eaten.4. Jamison, Mrs. Hyde’s son, likes to dissect his Oreo before he gobbles it up.5. Jamison has three layers when he dissects his Oreo: top cookie, creamy center, and bottom cookie. (See how I used a colon to list?!)

So, class, how many cookies does Jamison really have? (Notice my use of commas surrounding a direct address?!)

TWO (2) Cookies!

If you know me, you knew where this was going….

I love Oreo Cookies(or any sandwich cookie)

These are your compound sentences.

How?2 cookies and one creamy center

Chocolate cookie = Independent clauseCreamy center = a comma + coordinating conjunction, a semi-colon + conjunctive adverb + a comma, or just a semi-colon

Chocolate cookie = Independent clause

Two (2) Independent Clauses and One of the Creamy Center items in the middle = Compound Sentence

There are THREE different ways to make a Compound Sentence

1. Creamy Center made of a Comma and Coordinating Conjunction

(aka FANBOYS)

2. Creamy Center made of a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and a comma

3. Creamy Center made of just a semi-colon

It’s all about that Creamy Center…

1. Creamy Center made of a Comma and a Coordinating Conjunction

Independent Clause

Independent Clause

Comma and Coordinating Conjunction (AKA-FANBOYS)

,for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so

Oreo cookies are delicious with milk, but some ill-minded people might disagree with me. Remember: You must have a complete sentence (whole cookie) on both sides of the creamy center; otherwise, you don’t need a comma.

Really?

Yep!

independent clause

independent clause

Comma and a coordinating conjunction joining the two

2. Creamy Center made of a Conjunctive Adverb

Independent Clause

Independent Clause

Oreo cookies are delicious with milk; however, some ill-minded people might disagree with me.Remember: You must have a complete sentence (whole cookie) on both sides of the creamy center.

also however otherwise consequently indeed similarly finally likewise then furthermore moreover therefore hence nevertheless thus nonetheless

3. Creamy Center made of just a Semi-colon

Independent Clause

Independent Clause

Semi-colon

;Oreo cookies are delicious with milk; they are also delicious with ice-cream.

A vote for Oreos is a vote for happiness; voting otherwise will end in doom.Remember: You must have a complete sentence (whole cookie) on both sides of the creamy centerTip: I would say that it would be good practice to only use the simple semi-colon to join two independent clauses when using a pronoun that directly relates to it’s antecedent in the clause before it or when you are presenting a juxtaposition (two opposing ideas).

Okay, I Will Repeat

independent clause

independent clause

Comma and a coordinating conjunction joining the two; a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and comma joining the two; or, just a semi-colon joining the two

Cookie Wants More Cookies

There’s only one sentence type left.

It’s two times the chocolate fun; It’s creamy;

It’s fudgalicious…

That’s Right! It’s the

Compound/Complex Sentence!

Notice the cookies could stand alone as a delicious treat?

It has that same creamy filling that holds it together: comma and a conjunction; a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and comma; or just a semi-colon

But the loose fudge would still not make a cookie alone.

Baking a Compound-Complex SentenceIt’s the compound sentence plus a dependent clause.

Independent Clause [Comma and a coordinating conjunction joining the two; a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and a comma joining the two; (no

comma); or, just a semi-colon joining the two]

Independent Clause + Dependent Clause

Compound/Complex Sentence After watching Sesame Street, Mrs. Hyde likes to dunk her Oreos in milk, but she never let’s Cookie Monster find out.

Mrs. Hyde likes to dunk her Oreos in milk after watching Sesame Street, but she never let’s Cookie Monster find out.

Remember: You must still have a complete sentence (whole cookie) on both sides of the creamy center.

Yo Dawg--Let’s Review

Simple Sentence

one clause

one cookie

simple sentence

Chocolate chips, or oatmeal, or raisins are like extra details MIXED into the independent clause.

Complex Sentenceone independent clause

add a dependent clause

and another dependent clause (if you want)

It doesn’t matter how many DEPENDENT clauses you add.

Compound Sentence

one independent clause

another independent clause

and more independent clauses (if you want)

joined together by a comma and a coordinating conjunction; a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and a comma; or just a semi-colon

Compound/Complextwo or more independent clauses

one or more dependent clauses

joined together by a comma and a coordinating conjunction; a semi-colon, conjunctive adverb, and a comma; or just a semi-colon

Remember . . .

Punctuation of your sentence depends where the clauses join.

Are you ready for your Cookie Test? Get your toothpick ready!

What type of cookie or sentence do you see?1. Making cookies with you has been divine.2. Since we have been enjoying some delicious cookies, I hope you have learned something valuable.3. After you have eaten this many cookies, you should brush your teeth, or your teeth will most likely rot out.4. Cookie monster and I hope you don’t forget your sentences; therefore, we will give you a handout to study.5. Your Cookie Grammar test is coming soon but not too soon.6. It’s been a delectable, cookielicious time, y’all!

Thank you for coming!