cool jazz legends
TRANSCRIPT
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Donovan Tan
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Contents
Cool Jazz
Introduction
Prez-ident
Lester Young
52nd Street52
Time Out
The Dave Brubeck
Quartet
The Sound
from Ipanema
Stan Getz
Kind of Blue
Miles Davis
4
6
10
14
18
22
1
2
3
4
5
6Acknowledgement
Wikipedia.org
AllAboutJazz.com
StanGetz.net
Britanica.com
MilesDavis.com
DaveBrubeck.com
Mosaic Records
This book is
dedicated to
Victoria School
Concert Band,,
batch o 2004.2004
Nil Sine Labore
7 Jazz Posters
23
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s a style o Modern Jazz music thatarose during the Second World War.The style became known as Cool Jazzbecause it avoided the aggressiveempos o bebop.The tones became
soter, the volume quieter, the temposslower, and the rhythms lighter and lessarring.
Cool Jazz included intricate
arrangements, innovative orms, andsongs having a thoroughly composedsound, although they did includemprovised sections. It was in some
ways a reaction to bebop, utilizing bopsharmonic complexity, but bringing backa ew aspects rom swing.
Cool Jazz had several sources. ArrangersGil Evans and Gerry Mulligan developedheir initial ideas, working or the Claude
Thornhill Orchestra eaturing suchhen-unheard-o instruments, or jazz, asrench horn and tuba.
.
Another variety o Cool Jazz was thato the pianist Lennie Tristano and hisstudents. Its coolness was a mattero emotion, but his emphasis onsometimes erociously ast temposand on pure improvisation, rather than
arrangement, was closer to bebop.
The classic mixture o these variousinuences was during the 1949-1950sessions now best known under theirlater title: Miles Daviss Birth o the Cool(1950), a collective project that drewtogether many players and arrangers/composers rom the period bestrepresented this style o jazz. Cool Jazzlater became identifed strongly with
West Coast jazz.
The Cool Jazz inuence stretches intosuch later developments as Bossa Nova,modal jazz, and even Free Jazz.
19501950/
Lester
Prez
Young
Cool Jazz
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Fromthebeginning, LesterYoungsetouttobe
diFFerent: inthe Forties, hegrewhishairout.
theothertenorpLaYersheLdtheirsaxophones
uprightinFrontoFthem, soYoungheLdhisout
totheside, kindoFLikeaFLute. hawkinspLaYed
aroundharmonicruns. YoungpLaYedFLurriesoF
notesandhadahugetonethattheothertenor
pLaYersoFthedaYemuLated. YoungusedasoFter
tonethatresuLtedinasoFt, Lightsound. heused
LessnotesandsLurrednotestogether, creating
moremeLodicsoLos. hepLaYedusingaLotoF
subtLetiestoproducemusicthat biLLie hoLidaY
saidFLipsYououtoFYourseatwithsurprise.
40
Prez-ident
Lester
Young
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Young moved to Kansas City in the
1930s, and played in various groups,including King Oliver, Benny Moten,
and the traveling Fletcher Henderson
orchestra. In 1936, Young joined the
Count Basie Orchestra and stayed there
until 1949. Within 4 years, he had played
in top-rated big band and small group
settings! Some sources say that he gave
Billie Holiday the nickname Lady Day
and she gave him the nickname Prez
(others say he became the new Prez-
ident when he deeated Hawkins).
In 1944, Young was drated into the
Army. When he was caught smokingmarijuana, he was court-martialed and
spent months in detention. He came
back a fne player, but his light, airy,
happy tone had let and his music had
a darker side to it. He joined Norman
Granz Jazz at the Philharmonic tour,
but his health decline, and he drank
more oten and was hospitalized. He
returned to the States a sick man and
died a year later, at the age o 49.
30 19361949 4y
194449
One o the great
jazz myths says that
Hawkins, the star
player o Hendersons
orchestra missed a
show. Young flled in
or him and played
so wonderully,
that Hawkins went
looking or Young,
sax in hand, to
teach the youngwhippersnapper
a lesson.
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KIND of BLUE
miLes davispLaYedthetrumpetina
LYricaL, introspective, andmeLodic
stYLe, oFtenempLoYingastemLessharmon
mutetomakehissoundmorepersonaL
andintimate. toexaminehiscareeris
toexaminethehistorYoFjazzFromthe
mid-40stotheearLY 90s, sincehewas
inthethickoFaLmosteverYimportant
innovationandstYListicdeveLopmentin
themusicduringthatperiod. itcaneven
bearguedthatjazzstoppedevoLvingwhen
daviswasnttheretopushitForward.
40
Miles Davis
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In the summer o 1948 Davis organized
a nine-piece band eaturing an alto
saxophone, a baritone saxophone, a
trombone, a French horn, and a tuba.
The band's relaxed sound
had a proound inuence
on the development o the
cool jazz style. In February
1957, Capitol fnally issuedthe tracks together on an
LP called Birth o the Cool.
In May 1957, Davis teamed
with Gil Evans or his
second LP, Miles Ahead.
Released in 1958, the
album was later inducted
into the Grammy Hall o
Fame, intended to honor recordings
made beore the Grammy Awards were
instituted in 1959.
Davis began to experiment with modal
playing, basing his improvisations on
scales rather than chord changes. This
led to his next band recording, Kind
o Blue, in March and
April 1959, an album
that became a landmark
in modern jazz and the
most popular disc oDavis career, eventually
selling over two million
copies, a phenomenal
success or a jazz record.
On October 7, 2008,
Kind o Blue received
its ourth platinum
certifcation rom the
RIAA, signiying sales o 4 million
copies. Davis was noted as one o the
key fgures in the history o jazz.
The bands
relaxed sound
had a prooundinfuence on the
development
o the cool jazz
style on the
West Coast.
1948
19572
1957519581959
19594200
107200819594002006.
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The Dave Brubeck
Quartet
the dave brubeck Quartetbecamethe
soundthatidentiFiedanera. itwastheY
whostartedthewaveoFpopuLaritYoFjazzon
coLLegecampusesintheFiFties. concurrentLY,
theYwerepLaYingintheLeadingjazzcLubs,
andtouringwith charLie parker, dizzY
giLLespie, stan getzandothermusiciansoF
thebopera. bY 1954, brubeckspicturehad
appearedonthecoveroFtime magazineaLong
withaFeaturestorYheraLdingtherebirth
oFjazz. in 1960, the dave brubeck Quartet,
reLeasedtheaLbum, time out, anditssingLes,
"take Five" and "bLue rondoaLaturk,"becametheFirstinmodernjazzto "gogoLd".
19541960
TIME OUT
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1942
Dave Brubeck is
an American jazz
pianist known
or employing
unusual time
signatures, and
superimposing
contrasting
hythms, meters, and tonalities. His
musical partner, alto saxophonist Paul
Desmond, wrote the quartet's best
emembered piece, "Take Five",which
has endured as a jazz classic on the top-
selling jazz album, Time Out.
Brubeck entered the College o the
Pacifc studying veterinary science, but
ranserred on the urging o the head
o zoology. Later, Brubeck was nearly
expelled when one o his proessors
discovered that he could not read music.
The college was araid that it wouldcause a scandal, and agreed to let
Brubeck graduate only ater he promised
never to teach piano.
1951
1959
1961
Ater graduating in 1942, Brubeck was
drated into the army. He was spared
rom service when he volunteered to
play piano at a Red Cross show; he was
such a hit he was ordered to orm a
band. While serving, Brubeck met Paul
Desmond.
He returned to college ater serving.
Ater completing his studies, Brubeck
organized The Dave Brubeck Quartet
in 1951, with Desmond on saxophone.
They took up a long residency at San
Franciscos Black Hawk nightclub and
gained great popularity touring college
campuses. In 1959, the Dave Brubeck
Quartet recorded Time Out. The album
contained all original compositions. It
quickly went platinum.
The quartet ollowed up its success
with several more albums in the samevein, including Time Further Out (1961),
Countdown: Time in Outer Space, Time
Changes, and Time In.
Brubeck entered the College
o the Pacifc studying
veterinary science, but
transerred on the urging o
the head o zoology, who told
him Brubeck, your minds
not here. Its across the lawn
in the conservatory. Please go
there. Stop wasting my time
and yours.
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stanLeY getzwasajazzsaxophone
pLaYer. getzwasknownas the
sound becauseoFhiswarm, LYricaLtone,
hisprimeinFLuencebeingthewispY, meLLow
timbreoF LesterYoung. getzisdescribed
as oneoFtheaLL-timegreattenor
saxophonists. getzwentontoperForm
inbebop, cooLjazzandthirdstream, but
isperhapsbestknownForpopuLarizingthe
bossanova, asintheworLdwidehitsingLe
the girLFrom ipanema (1964).
The Sound From Ipanema
Stan Getz
1964
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Getzs parents were Ukrainian Jews
who emigrated rom the Kiev area. Getz
worked hard in school, receiving straight
As, and fnished sixth grade close to the
op o his class. Getzs major interest
was in musical instruments. His ather
bought him his frst saxophone at the
age o 13. Getz instantly ell in love with
he saxophone and began practicing
eight hours a day.
In 1943 at the
age o 16, he was
accepted into
Jack Teagardens
band. Getz alsoplayed along
with Nat King
Cole and Lionel
Hampton. Ater playing or Stan Kenton,
Jimmy Dorsey, and Benny Goodman,
Getz was a soloist with Woody Herman
rom 1947 to 1949 and he frst gained
wide attention as one o the bands
saxophonists. With Herman, he had a hit
with Early Autumn. In the mid to late
950s, Getz became popular playing cool
azz with Horace Silver, Johnny Smith,
Oscar Peterson, and many others.
In 1961, Getz
became a
central fgure
in introducing
bossa nova
music to the
American
audience. Getz
recorded Jazz Samba in 1962 and it
became a hit. Getz won the Grammy
or Best Jazz Perormance o 1963 or
Desafnado, rom the same album. It
sold over one million copies, and was
awarded a gold disc.
As a ollow-up, Getz recorded the album,Jazz Samba Encore!. It also sold more
than a million copies by 1964, giving
Getz his second gold disc.
He then recorded the album Getz/
Gilberto, in 1963, with Tom Jobim, Joo
Gilberto and his wie, Astrud Gilberto.
Their The Girl rom Ipanema won a
Grammy Award. The piece became one
o the most well-known latin jazz tracks.
Getz/Gilberto won two Grammys (Best
Album and Best Single).
13
194316194719492050
196119621963Desafinado
1964
/1963/)
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The blocks o 52nd Street betweenFith Avenue and Seventh Avenue wererenowned in the mid 20th century or
the abundance o jazz clubs and livelystreet lie. The street was convenient tomusicians playing on Broadway and thelegitimate nightclubs and was alsothe site o a CBS studio. Musicians whoplayed or others in the early eveningplayed or themselves on 52nd Street.
In its heyday rom 1930 through theearly 1950s, 52nd Street clubs hostedsuch jazz legends as Miles Davis,Harry Gibson, Dizzy Gillespie, BillieHoliday, Nat Jae, Marian McPartland,Thelonious Monk, Charlie Parker, LouisPrima, Art Tatum, Fats Waller, and manymore. Although musicians rom allschools perormed there, ater Mintons
Playhouse in uptown Harlem, 52ndStreet was the second most important
place or the dissemination o bebop.In act, a tune called 52nd Street Themeby Thelonious Monk became a bebopanthem and jazz standard.
Virtually every great jazz player andsinger o the era perormed at clubssuch as Downbeat, The Famous Door,Jimmy Ryans, The Onyx, Three Deuces,and the Yacht Club. Noted jazz discjockey Symphony Sid requently did livebroadcasts rom the street, making itamous across the country.
52ndStreet
522052
19302050525252
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Jazz Posters
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