cooperation with sibrybniiproject (siberian science ... · cooperation with sibrybniiproject...
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Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
1. Distribution of Artemia in South-Siberia
Cooperation with Sibrybniiproject (Siberian Science, Research & Project Construction Institute of Fishery),Tyumen State Agricultural Academy, Tyumen, Russia
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
Survey of Artemia sites
Kurgan OmskNovosibirsk
Altai
TyumenChelyabinsk
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
Fig.2. Geographical distribution of the brine shrimp Artemia in Western Siberia
Distribution of Artemia sites
• 90 sites• total surface area of lakes : 1280 km² : generally between 1 and 10 km²
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
VshivkaLomovoyeGornastalevoMalinovoyeBurlinskoyeKucukskoyeSeverny ZalivMinistralYodnoeLevy BliznetsNikolayev BeregTanatar 2TanatarDushnoyeSolenoye (B. Gorkoye)MormyshanskoyeBaltabayZhirkoinVulduhKaskul-ChistoyeSazandaToluboyBuldukMirabilit
MihkaylovskoyeGorkoye (Barabashy)Gorkoye (Novokluchy)Solenoye
Altai regionBolshoye YarovoyeKulak – SorDzul – SuldyBuraBelenkoyeRetuhovoMaloye YarovoyeKaratalBolshaya GorchinaChekurtuzKrivaya RuchinaRetuhovskoyeDzhomnsorBauzhansorKurichyeKulundinskoyePravy BliznetsDunay
Voskresenskoye (Kurtamysh)MedvezyeMaloye Gorkoye(Chastoozerskoye)Shashmura (Pegan)Solenoye (Kurtamysh)
Tyumen regionSivergaSolenoye 18
Omsk regionEbeytyUlzhay
Novosibirsk regionGorkoye (Tzarizinao)LechebnoyeGorkoye (Olhovka)ChebaklyKarachyGorkoye (Konevo)Ostrovnoye
Chelyabinsk regionTazatkulSoleny KulatSolenoye Kommunarskoye
Kurgan regionKulat (Lavrushino)AslykulSulphatnoye VishnyakovskoyeTibizlokSolenoye (Setovo)GashkovoSvetlenkoyeAktobanNevidimIlyeneyGorkoyeSobachyeFilatovoSolenoye (Umreshevo)
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
Topography-climate-(a)biotic conditions• flat• (semi-) arid area; variable precipitation• continental climate:
• winter water temperatures down to –19°C
• ice layer up to 20 cm thick• hot summers (water temperatures up to 25-30°C)
• shallow => high fluctuations in salinity(40-320 ppt)
• phytoplankton: seasonal dynamics; species composition:
spring peaklate autumn peak
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
Artemia populations
• parthenogenetic populations, except L. Solenoye, Sobachye, Yodnoye• growth & reproduction: end of April-early October• cyst biometrics: 257-289 µm• detailed population dynamics:
lake Medvezhye (“Bear”)lake Nevidimlake Vishnakovskoy
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
Artemia population dynamics
• maximal densities late spring, early summer• decline of population as consequence of food depletion• 3-4 generations yearly; small/shallow lakes: 1-2• low productivity (compared to other areas), low brood sizes
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
Ongoing & future studies
• cytogenetics: PhD study
• continued population monitoring (cfr issuing harvesting licenses)
• bisexual populations: but no samples available yet !
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
2. Contamination of Bohai Bay Artemia population by introducedA. franciscana
1. Liaoning2. Hebei3. Tianjin4. Shandong
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
0.3-99.7 (n=1317)0.3-99.7 (n=1310)0.1-99.9 (n=975)
45-55 (n=594)31-69 (n=915)46-54 (n=459)
44-56 (n=1385)39-61 (n=1186)48-52 (n=987)
43-57 (n=1290)50-50 (n=932)43-57 (n=528)
42-58 (n=1345)47-53 (n=1399)45-55 (n=1318)
88 %87 %65 %40 %61 %31 %92 %79 %66 %86 %62 %70 %90 %93 %88 %
42 %66 %34 %22 %35 %29 %53 %38 %49 %78 % 91 % 80 % 90 %91 %92 %
-19911992
-19921993199719971998199920032003200320032003
1990-
19911991
------
20022003200220022003
Tianjin – HanguTianjin - TangguShandong - ChengkouShandong - YangkouHebei - CanghzhouHebei - LuannanHebei - LuannanHebei - LuannanHebei - LuannanHebei – LuannanShandong - Wudao Shandong - Xinhu Shandong -Huanggualin Shandong -Guangyanghi Shandong -Guangyanghi
121111871210121412331261135013511438146715801583158415861587
Sex ratio(male/fem)
% survivalMax H%Year ofarrival
Year ofharvest
Province- SiteARC code
First approach: culture tests
to be continued by : • further screening (focusing on specific areas/time periods)• DNA analysis (SFB ? GSL ?)
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
3. NATO Collaborative Linkage Grant “Artemia colonization of the Aral Sea: hope for a dying ecosystem”
Cooperation with:
1) Laboratory of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology, Institute of Zoology, Tashkent, Uzbekista2) Institute of Bioecology of the Karakalpak Branch of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences,
Nukus, Uzbekistan3) Inve Aquaculture, Inc.
Coordinator: ARC
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
Evolution of Aral Sea 1960-now
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
Evolution of Aral Sea 1960-now
Amu Darya irrigation area
Syr Daryairrigation area“Small Aral”
“Big Aral”September ‘89 August ‘03
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
Moynak Ship Cemetery
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
Aralkum desert(= former seabed)
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
Project objectives
• establish a team of biologists, limnologists, chemists, and natural resource experts• document ecological characteristics of Aral Sea: hydrobiological and hydrochemical status
cfr. gradual colonization by Artemia population.
sampling and monitoring programme
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
Eastern Aral sampling area
Northern Aral sampling area
(not included in NATO Grant)
Present Artemia situation
Western Aral sampling area
• ± 80-110 ppt (autumn 2003)• expanding parthenogenetic Artemia population• low to moderate nutrient & phytoplankton levels• low to moderate density Artemia population• low reproductive capacity• first small cyst accumulations
bisexual population !
Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium
• Small Aral : stabilized or back to lower salinity
• Large Aral : Difficult balance: • sufficient river inflow as to assure nutrient input;
cfr phytoplankton composition !!• not too high river inflow as to assure
sufficiently high salinity• fits in economical and political framework of Central Asian region
Perspective: doom scenario ?
Extra problems for commercial harvest :• several levels of authority: national, regional, local…• difficult accessibility of area: no roads; mudflat shores• recommendation: moratorium on commercial harvests until more information is collected
HUGE SOCIO-ECONOMIC & ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS !!
Future for Artemia population ?