coordination & subordination chapter 9: get grammatically coordinated (and subordinated)
TRANSCRIPT
Coordination & Subordination
Chapter 9: Get Grammatically Coordinated (and Subordinated)
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule:– For nearly all compound pairs of words, phrases,
and clauses within a sentence, use no comma with the conjunction.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule:– For nearly all compound pairs of words, phrases,
and clauses within a sentence, use no comma with the conjunction.
– Giddy with excitement over the start of another project, Hannah quickly grabbed Jacky and Megan for her team. (Direct Objects)
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule:– For nearly all compound pairs of words, phrases,
and clauses within a sentence, use no comma with the conjunction.
– Hannah sighed at the thought of another project and reluctantly took Meghan as her partner. (Verb Phrases)
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule:– For nearly all compound pairs of words, phrases,
and clauses within a sentence, use no comma with the conjunction.
– Sarah wondered who would help her get the best grade on the project and who would be her most compatible partner. (Noun Clauses)
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– For nearly all compound pairs of words, phrases,
and clauses within a sentence, use no comma with the conjunction.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– For nearly all compound pairs of words, phrases,
and clauses within a sentence, use no comma with the conjunction.
– An exception to the rule occurs with the conjunction but.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– For nearly all compound pairs of words, phrases,
and clauses within a sentence, use no comma with the conjunction.
– An exception to the rule occurs with the conjunction but.
– Riley tried to be positive, but still struggled to pretend to enjoy the NASCAR race.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– For nearly all compound pairs of words, phrases,
and clauses within a sentence, use no comma with the conjunction.
– An exception to the rule occurs with the conjunction but. It introduces a contrast.
– Riley tried to be positive, but still struggled to pretend to enjoy the NASCAR race.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– For nearly all compound pairs of words, phrases,
and clauses within a sentence, use no comma with the conjunction.
– An exception to the rule occurs with the conjunction but. It introduces a contrast.
– Riley tried to be positive, but [she] still struggled to pretend to enjoy the NASCAR race.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– For nearly all compound pairs of words, phrases,
and clauses within a sentence, use no comma with the conjunction.
– Another exception occurs when we want to give special emphasis to the second element in a coordinated pair.
– I didn’t believe him, and said so.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– For nearly all compound pairs of words, phrases,
and clauses within a sentence, use no comma with the conjunction.
– Another exception occurs when we want to give special emphasis to the second element in a coordinated pair.
– Ben's new Nike shoes were unique, and expensive.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– Another exception occurs when we want to give
special emphasis to the second element in a coordinated pair. A better choice would be to use a dash!
– I didn’t believe him, and said so. – Ben's new Nike shoes were unique, and expensive.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– Another exception occurs when we want to give
special emphasis to the second element in a coordinated pair. A better choice would be to use a dash!
– I didn’t believe him – and said so. – Ben's new Nike shoes were unique – and
expensive.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– And then there is the serial comma, also called the
Oxford or Harvard comma:
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– And then there is the serial comma, also called the
Oxford or Harvard comma:
I am afraid of heights, large bodies of water, and snakes.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– And then there is the serial comma, also called the
Oxford or Harvard comma:
I am afraid of heights, large bodies of water, and snakes.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– And then there is the serial comma, also called the
Oxford or Harvard comma:
I am afraid of heights, large bodies of water, and snakes.
Isn’t it optional?
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– And then there is the serial comma, also called the
Oxford or Harvard comma:
I am afraid of heights, large bodies of water, and snakes.
Isn’t it optional? (as if the pressing of an extra keystroke were an oppressive task)
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The ExceptionLet’s play with some examples:
(1) I would like to thank my parents, God, and Mr. Marsh.
(2) In her free time, Heather “Facebook stalks” her two of her old boyfriends, Mr. Cantrell, and her youth pastor.
(3) I am afraid of heights, large bodies of water, and snakes.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The ExceptionLet’s play with some examples:
(1) I would like to thank my parents, God and Mr. Marsh.
(2) In her free time, Heather “Facebook stalks” her two of her old boyfriends, Mr. Cantrell, and her youth pastor.
(3) I am afraid of heights, large bodies of water, and snakes.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The ExceptionLet’s play with some examples:
(1) I would like to thank my parents, God and Mr. Marsh.
(2) In her free time, Heather “Facebook stalks” her two of her old boyfriends, Mr. Cantrell and her youth pastor.
(3) I am afraid of heights, large bodies of water, and snakes.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The ExceptionLet’s play with some examples:
(1) I would like to thank my parents, God and Mr. Marsh.
(2) In her free time, Heather “Facebook stalks” her two of her old boyfriends, Mr. Cantrell and her youth pastor.
(3) I am afraid of heights, large bodies of water and snakes.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The ExceptionLet’s play with some examples:
(1) I would like to thank my parents, God and Mr. Marsh.
(2) In her free time, Heather “Facebook stalks” her two of her old boyfriends, Mr. Cantrell and her youth pastor.
(3) I am afraid of heights, large bodies of water and snakes. (And this is why we excuse it.)
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– Of course, there are many occasions where
omitting the serial comma does NOT create ambiguity.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– Of course, there are many occasions where
omitting the serial comma does NOT create ambiguity. However, sometimes it does.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– Of course, there are many occasions where
omitting the serial comma does NOT create ambiguity. However, sometimes it does.
– So, why not be safe and just use it.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– Of course, there are many occasions where
omitting the serial comma does NOT create ambiguity. However, sometimes it does.
– So, why not be safe and just use it. – The only reason to avoid the serial comma is if you
are working as a professional journalist, utilizing the Associated Press (AP) Stylebook rules.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– Another stylistic choice as a writer is to play with
the comma/conjunction rule in a series:
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– Another stylistic choice as a writer is to play with
the comma/conjunction rule in a series:
– We ate, laughed, danced, and sang at Alicia's graduation bonfire party. (Serial Comma)
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– Another stylistic choice as a writer is to play with
the comma/conjunction rule in a series:
– We ate, laughed, danced, and sang at Alicia's graduation bonfire party. (Serial Comma)
– We ate and laughed and danced and sang at Alicia's graduation bonfire party. (Polysyndeton)
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– Another stylistic choice as a writer is to play with
the comma/conjunction rule in a series:
– We ate, laughed, danced, and sang at Alicia's graduation bonfire party. (Serial Comma)
– We ate and laughed and danced and sang at Alicia's graduation bonfire party. (Polysyndeton)
– We ate, laughed, danced, sang at Alicia's graduation bonfire party. (Asyndeton)
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– The Polysyndeton: Use it to create a connotation
that the list is extensive. It gives a lilt to one’s voice:• A and B and C and D and E
– We ate and laughed and danced and sang at Alicia's graduation bonfire party.
– I find many of you to be intelligent and assiduous and conscientious.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Simple Punctuation Rule: The Exception– The Asyndeton: Use it to create a connotation that
the list is continues beyond the final element:• A, B, C, D, E
– We ate, laughed, danced, sang at Alicia's graduation bonfire party.
– I find many of you to be intelligent, assiduous, conscientious.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Elliptical Coordinate Structures– One common ellipsis is the elimination of the
second determiner in a coordinate noun phrase:
Coordination within the Sentence
• Elliptical Coordinate Structures– One common ellipsis is the elimination of the
second determiner in a coordinate noun phrase:
– The cat and dog are sleeping in front of the fire.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Elliptical Coordinate Structures– One common ellipsis is the elimination of the
second determiner in a coordinate noun phrase:
– The cat and (the) dog are sleeping in front of the fire.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Elliptical Coordinate Structures– One common ellipsis is the elimination of the
second determiner in a coordinate noun phrase. However, be careful when you include a modifier along with the determiner:
– Our old cat and dog are sleeping in front of the fire.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Elliptical Coordinate Structures– One common ellipsis is the elimination of the
second determiner in a coordinate noun phrase. However, be careful when you include a modifier along with the determiner:
– Our old cat and dog are sleeping in front of the fire. (Is the dog old?)
Coordination within the Sentence
• Elliptical Coordinate Structures– One common ellipsis is the elimination of the
second determiner in a coordinate noun phrase. However, be careful when you include a modifier along with the determiner:
– Our old cat and our dog are sleeping in front of the fire.
– Our dog and old cat are sleeping in front of the fire.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Elliptical Coordinate Structures– Numbers as determiners can also pose problems:
– There were six stray dogs and cats left at my door this morning.
Coordination within the Sentence
• Elliptical Coordinate Structures– Numbers as determiners can also pose problems:
– There were six stray dogs and cats left at my door this morning.
– So . . . Were there six or twelve animals?