cop en hag en climate change summit

8/9/2019 Cop en Hag en Climate Change Summit

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Copenhagen Summit

Presentation By

Vimal Mohan P


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Copenhagen

Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark

It was singled out as theMost Liveable City in the Worldby

international lifestyle magazineMonocle on theirTop 25 Most

Liveable Cities 2008 list.

It is also considered one of the world's most environmentally

friendly cities.

Since the turn of the millennium, Copenhagen has seen a

strong urban and cultural development and has been described

as a boom town.


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Location of

Copenhagen in

Denmark


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Copenhagen


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What is the Copenhagen Earth Summit?

From December 7 2009 environment ministers and officials

met in Copenhagen for the United Nations climate conference

to thrash out a successor to the Kyoto protocol. The conference, held at the modern Bella Centre, ran for two

weeks.

The talks are the latest in an annual series of UN meetings thattrace their origins to the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio, which

aimed at coordinating international action against climate

change.


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Purpose

Creating international awareness of the importance of the

Copenhagen UN Climate Summit and the successor treaty to

the Kyoto Protocol.

Promoting constructive dialogue between government,

business, and science.

Inspiring global business leaders by demonstrating that

tackling climate change also has the potential to create huge

opportunities for innovation and economic growth.


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Kyoto Protocol Adopted for use in 2005, The Kyoto Protocol is an international

environmental treaty under the United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that established legally

binding guidelines for the reduction of four greenhouse gasses.

Industrialized countries that ratified, or agreed to, the protocol

committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 5.2% over 1990s

emission rate. As of January 2009, there were 183 participating

countries working to reduce their emissions.


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What does COP15 stand for?

COP15 is the official name of the Copenhagen climate change

summit the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP) under the

United NationsF

ramework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC).

The COP is the highest body of the UNFCCC and consists of

environment ministers who meet once a year to discussdevelopments in the convention.


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One hundred and ninety-two countries signed the

climate change convention.

More than 15,000 officials, advisers, diplomats,

campaigners and journalists attended COP15, joined by

heads of state and government.


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Developing countries, including China and India, believe it is

the responsibility of wealthy industrialised nations to set a

clear example on cutting carbon emissions.

US has rejected the 1997 Kyoto protocol

COP15's chances of success have been improved by President

Barack Obama's stated intention to achieve an 80% reduction

of greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

Denmark's minister for climate and energy, Connie

Hedegaard, has warned that American leadership on climate

change will be undermined if the Obama administration does

not pass laws swiftly to reduce carbon pollution.


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What were the discussions put in

Agree on a new climate treaty as a successor to the Kyoto protocol,

the first phase of which expires in 2012.

1 How much are industrialised countries willing to reduce their

emissions of greenhouse gases?

2 How much are major developing countries such as China and India

willing to do to limit the growth of their emissions?

3 How is the help needed by developing countries to engage in

reducing their emissions and adapting to the impacts of climate

change going to be financed?

4 How is that money going to be managed?


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What were the sticking points?

The main issue is that of "burden-sharing". Climate scientists say

that the world must stop the growth in greenhouse gas emissions

and start making them fall from around 2015 to 2020. By 2050 they

estimate the world must cut its emissions by 80% compared with

1990 levels to limit global warming.

Decisions on which countries must make the cuts and by how large

should they be?

The Chinese government argues that it has a moral right to develop

and grow its economy carbon emissions will inevitably grow with

it.


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What were the sticking points?

There is also the issue of industrialised nations effectively

outsourcing carbon emissions to developing nations such as China.

Problems such as these had cast doubts on whether COP15 can

succeed. There were also concerns about whether any action we take

now to prevent climate change may be too little too late. A Guardian

poll revealed almost nine out of 10 climate scientists do not believe

political efforts to restrict global warming to an additional 2C the

level the EU defines as "dangerous" will succeed.


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After 10 days of tough negotiations, ministers

and other high-level officials from 160 countries

reached agreement on a legally binding Protocol

under which industrialized countries will reduce their

collective emissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2%. The

agreement aims to lower overall emissions from agroup of six greenhouse gases by 200812, calculated

as an average over these five years.


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An aspirational goal of limiting glob

al temperature increase to2 degrees Celsius.

A process for countries to enter their specific mitigation

pledges by January 31, 2010.

Broad terms for the reporting and verification of countries

actions.

A collective commitment by developed countries for $30

billion in new and additional resources in 2010-2012 to help

developing countries reduce emissions, preserve forests, and

adapt to climate change.

Key elements of the Copenhagen Accord


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A goal of mobilizing $100 billion a year in public and private

finance by 2020 to address developing countries needs.

The accord also calls for the establishment of a Copenhagen

Green Climate Fund, a High Level Panel to examine ways of

meeting the 2020 finance goal, a new Technology Mechanism,

and a mechanism to channel incentives for reduced

deforestation.


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Cuts in the three most important gases carbondioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O)

will be measured against a base year of 1990. Cuts in

three long-lived industrial gases - hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), per fluorocarbons (PFCs),

and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) can be measured

against either a 1990 or 1995 baseline."


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If the enforcement branch determines that a country is

not in compliance with its emissions limitation, then that

country is required to make up the difference plus an

additional 30%. In addition, that country will be

suspended from making transfers under an emissions

trading program.


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Do these outcomes amount to

failure or success?

On the one hand, the conference failed to produce any

legally binding agreement on the key issues which wereto be addressed at the conference, and the emotive

rhetoric and procedural battles witnessed at the

conference suggest that a continuation of working group

processes over the next 12 months will be no more

productive


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On the other hand, the conference managed to produce aform of political agreement to continue processes of

negotiation towards a binding agreement in a years time

at COP16 in Mexico.

Ministers, who ordinarily attend only the final days of

the annual COP, arrived in the first week hoping to

progress discussions and, by its closing days, the

conference had attracted 119 heads of state and

government.


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ConclusionLets close this with the observations from the

representatives of a few of the member countries.

This was a chaotic process dogged by procedural

games. The procedural wrangling was, in fact, acover for points of serious, substantive disagreement.We did not get an agreement on 50 Percent reductionsin Global Emissions by 2050 or an 80 percentreduction by Developed countries. Both were vetoedby China, despite the support of a coalition ofdeveloped and the vast Majority of Developingcountries. Britains climate secretary Ed Miliband(The Guardian News Paper)


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THANK YOU

cop en hag en climate change summit

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