ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

COPERNICUS Air quality monitoring satellite missions and user needs

Yasjka MEIJERESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk

17 February 2017

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 2ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Local < 100km Regional 100-1000km Global > 1000km

Disasters VisibilityOzoneLayer

Urban smog Regional smog

Climate forcing

Biogeochemical cycles

Plume dispersion Acid rain

Reasons to care about atmospheric composition (D. Jacob, U. Harvard)

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 3ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

What is in the air?

Nitrogen78%

Oxygen21%

Argon 0.9%

Water vapour 0–5% All the rest 0.04%

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 4ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

CO2 0.04%

Methane0.00018%

NO2

0.000002%

Ozone<0.000007%

CO<0.00001%

SO2

<0.00001%

What is in the air?

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 5ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Globally in 2012:3,700,000 premature deaths attributable to ambient air pollution (WHO, 2014)

In EU-28 in 2012:  491,000 premature death, 5,500,000 Years of Life Lost (EEA, 2015)

In EU-28 in 2010:330–940 Billion € health related external costs (EC, 2013)

In Netherlands in 2012:  13,000 premature death, 135,000 Years of Life Lost (EEA, 2015)

Air pollution….. take a deep breathEvery human inhales ~14 kg of air per day

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 6ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Air pollution….. Human impact

Figu

re: E

EA R

epor

t No

9/20

13

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 7ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Relevance

• Irritant air quality, agriculture

• Greenhouse gas climate• Source of OH oxidizing capacity

of the atmosphere

Lifecycle

• Oxidation of CO and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in presence of NO, NO2

• Photochemistry

• Lifetime of few days

Threshold Daily 8h mean

O3

g/m

3

Tropospheric Ozone (O3)

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 8ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Copernicus

Imag

e: E

SA

Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Services

Sentinel missions dedicated to atmospheric composition

Services Component – led by EC• Produces information services • Relies on in-situ & space components

In-situ Component – led by EEA• Observations mostly national responsibility

Space Component – led by ESA• Sentinels – satellite missions developed specifically for

Copernicus

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 9ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Copernicus Space Component (CSC)

S1: Radar Mission

S2: High Resolution Optical Mission

S3: Medium Resolution Imaging and Altimetry Mission

S4: Geostationary Atmospheric Chemistry Mission

S5P: Low Earth Orbit Atmospheric Chemistry Precursor Mission

S5: Low Earth Orbit Atmospheric Chemistry Mission

S6 (Jason-CS): Altimetry Mission

Evolution currently considered

Evolution currently considered

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 10ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Sentinel-4• Geostationary • Hourly revisit time • Europe

Sentinel-5 & -5 Precursor• Low Earth Orbit• Daily revisit time • global coverage

Sentinel-4focus on short lived species in troposphere

Sentinel-5/5Pcovers also long lived species in troposphere and stratosphere

Air Quality NO2, O3, aerosol, SO2 NO2, O3, aerosol, SO2, CO

Climate aerosol, O3 CH4, CO, aerosol, O3

Ozone & UV O3, cloud, aerosol O3, cloud, aerosol

Emissions NO2, SO2, aerosol, HCHO, CHOCHO NO2, SO2, aerosol, HCHO, CO, CH4

Sentinel Missions dedicated to Atmosphere

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 11ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

How do we measure these gases?

Gas

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 12ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

How do we measure these gases?

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 13ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Spectral Coverage

SciamachyUV, VIS NIR, SWIR

GOME(-2) UV, VIS, NIR(240-790 nm)

OMI UV, VIS

Sentinel-5/5PUV, VIS NIR, SWIR

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 14ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Spatial Resolution

North Sea Amsterdam

The Hague

Rotterdam

Utrecht

Dordrecht

Source: KNMI

Scia CO 120x30 km2

Scia NO2 60x30 km2

GOME-2 NO2 80x40 km2

OMI 13x24 km2

Tropomi 7x7 km2

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 15ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Instantaneous Field of View

SZA = 90 °

SZA = 92°equinox

1h revisit time

Sentinel-4/UVN Instrument

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 16ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Near real-time (NRT): 3 hours after sensingNon time critical (NTC): 14 days after sensingLevel 1b and Level 2 will be provided to the users

Data ProductsGeophysical data (column densities/profiles):

UV-VIS-NIR channels - productsO3 total & tropospheric columns, profilesNO2 total & tropospheric columnsSO2, HCHO total columnsaerosols aerosol index & aerosol layer heightclouds cloud fraction, top height, optical thickness

SWIR channels - productsCO, CH4 total columns

Near Real-Time:All species except CH4 & tropospheric O3

Non Time Critical delivery:All products  

Product Overview

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 17ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

LaunchesA: 3 April 2014

B: 25 April 2016

LaunchesA: 3 April 2014

B: 25 April 2016

LaunchesA: 23 June 2015

B: planned Mar. 2017

LaunchesA: 23 June 2015

B: planned Mar. 2017

Launch WindowJune 2017

Launch WindowJune 2017

CAMS General Assembly, Athens, 14 June 2016

DedicatedCopernicus SpaceComponent (CSC)

LaunchesA: 16 Feb. 2016

B: planned Dec. 2017

LaunchesA: 16 Feb. 2016

B: planned Dec. 2017

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 18ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Outlook

Sentinel-5 Precursor ready with launch window June 2017

Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5 satellite building on-going with planned Flight Acceptance in 2021

Launch Schedule of Atmospheric Sentinels

Yasjka Meijer | 17/02/2017 | Slide 19ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

Earth Observation visualisesproblems

Taking action anduse these data isup to you!